Famous for the finest down scarves, the Orenburg region is located in the south of the Eastern European part of Russia. This is one of the largest subjects in the country. Satellite maps of the Orenburg region allow you to get to know it without leaving your home. You will consider borders, cities, rivers and transport routes. You can learn about attractions and find their locations. Maps are a great help for both tourists and residents of the region. The online service is indispensable when travelling.
The region has common borders with Kazakhstan, Bashkiria and Tatarstan. Also, maps of the Orenburg region with diagrams show that it is adjacent to such areas as:
- Samara;
- Saratovskaya;
- Chelyabinskaya.
Most of the land is occupied by arable land. The hydrography of the region is also extensive. There are several large rivers in the region:
- Ural;
- Sakmara;
- Samara;
- Ilek.
One of the largest natural reservoirs is Lake Shalkar-Ega-Kara. Its banks stretch for almost 100 km. Also very popular among local residents and tourists are the salt lakes in Sol-Eletsk, which are indicated on the map of the Orenburg region with its districts. This body of water is so saturated with salts that it allows you to stay afloat and not drown.
The Orenburg region is a large region with a distinctive and ancient history. If you are planning a trip to this land, use the online service with interactive maps. You can quickly find attractions in areas of the Orenburg region on the map, the location of cities and villages, and main roads.
Districts on the map of the Orenburg region
The region includes 35 districts. The largest of them, Orenburg, is located in the center of the region. This is an economically important area; large enterprises are located on its territory, as well as one of the largest gas fields.
In addition, all transport routes pass through the area. The following roads intersect here:
- R-239;
- R-240;
- A-305.
If you are traveling by car, then a detailed road map of the Orenburg region will be very useful on the road and will help you quickly navigate when moving around the region.
The area also contains railway lines that connect the central part of the country with Southeast Asia. A large amount of cargo in this direction passes through the freight station of the Orenburg railway station.
There are 2 airports in the region, which are located in Orenburg (international) and Orsk. The city of Orsk, as the map of the Orenburg region with settlements shows, is located in the southeast of the region and is the 2nd most important city in the region. It has its own railway station and an extensive network of roads.
The smallest districts are located in the north of the region - Abdulinsky and Northern. The population of each of them is slightly more than 20 thousand people. There are no industrial enterprises in these areas; the population is employed in the agricultural sector. Rye, potatoes, legumes, and beets are grown here. There are farms for breeding cows and horses.
Distinctive features and history of the Orenburg region
On this blizzard, unkind evening, When there is snowy darkness along the roads, You, dear, throw an Orenburg down scarf over your shoulders.
The well-known hit by Lyudmila Zykina All of us, Russians, imagine the Orenburg land as a snowy region, where all the women are wrapped in down scarves. For this, Orenburg residents should be grateful to the Soviet singer Lyudmila Zykina, who created such a vivid and rather unlikely image in the minds of millions of people.
In fact, the Orenburg region is a region in the south of the Urals, where it is warmer than in most of the country. In general, this territory became part of Russia back in the 30s of the 18th century, when local Bashkirs and Kazakhs decided that it was easier to be dependent on Russia than to try to somehow exist themselves. In principle, this is a normal strategy; it was followed by the majority of small nations that eventually became part of the Russian Empire.
Composition Good Angel of Peace. Photo by Olga (https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/olga57orb/)
Since then, the lands of the Orenburg region began to be actively populated by settlers from the central regions of the country. Initially, the Orenburg province was of such frightening proportions that its southern border ran along the northern shores of the Aral Sea. Then a whole mess began with the territorial structure here. In 1920, on the site of the Turgai, Ural, Semipalatinsk, Orenburg regions and part of the Transcaspian region, the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was organized, which in 1925 was renamed the Cossack Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and the capital of this autonomy was located in Orenburg.
Next, the party leadership thought and consulted and withdrew the capital from the Cossack Autonomy along with the adjacent territories. The modern Orenburg region became part of the Middle Volga region, which after some time was renamed the Middle Volga region. Five years passed, and the Bolsheviks again decided to change something. This time, the Soviet authorities removed the Orenburg region from the Middle Volga region. It would seem, thank God, a reasonable decision, but no. Less than five years later, the regional center, the city of Orenburg, was renamed Chkalov, in honor of the legendary pilot. The logic here can hardly be traced at all. Chkalov had never even been to Orenburg. The Chkalov region was renamed again to the Orenburg region, 20 years later, by Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev. Since then, no one else has encroached on the name of the region.
The Orenburg region can be proud not only of stories of renaming and legendary songs, but also of no less legendary fellow countrymen. There is no point in naming all the talented and famous people who were born in the Orenburg region; we will focus on only three: Chernomyrdin, Shatunov, Guzeeva. All of them influenced Russia in different ways, but they left a mark. Guzeeva is currently the idol of all housewives, and can safely create a women’s party from those over 40. They will definitely get into the State Duma. Shatunov, due to his youth, drove millions of Soviet girls crazy, who are now ready to follow Guzeeva to the ends of the earth.
Bridge in Orenburg. Connects Europe and Asia. Photo by Marina (https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/marnat108)
Let’s take a closer look at the figure of Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin. Because he deserves it. For five years, Chernomyrdin headed the Government of the Russian Federation. The period of his work in the highest echelons of Russian power occurred during the most difficult years in the history of the country. Older people will never forget the famous negotiations between Chernomyrdin and Shamil Basayev, which the politician conducted after the terrorist attack in Budennovsk. It was not possible to save everyone, but Chernomyrdin persuaded the terrorist to release most of the hostages. Younger Russians will remember Viktor Stepanovich thanks to the performances of comedians who mercilessly parodied the politician and ridiculed his unique speech and amazing turns of phrase:
“We wanted the best, but it turned out as always.” — No matter what party we make, everything works out for the CPSU. - When my country is in this state, I will do everything, I will say everything! When I know it will help, I won't hold it back. - We! To go to some kind of wishlist, I apologize... There’s nothing to arrange here, I don’t want to, I don’t want to - Well, what should we unite with him? He has a cap, and I’m not wearing anything at all yet. (About Luzhkov.)
Geographical position
By Russian standards, the Orenburg region is not large. Its area is only 123,700 km², which is 3 times the area of the Netherlands, Denmark or Switzerland. In Russia, the Orenburg region ranks only 29th in terms of area. The region's territory is located at the southern tip of the Urals, Trans-Urals and the southeastern part of the East European Plain. The Orenburg region extends 755 km from west to east, and 425 km from north to south. The region has the largest border with Kazakhstan.
Population
According to the latest data, the population of the Orenburg region has already exceeded 2 million people. In total, 2,008,566 people live in the region. The population density will seem ridiculous to the Chinese or Japanese - 16.23 people/km2 (2014). Almost 60% of Orenburg residents are urban residents.
Since 2012, the region's birth rate has exceeded death rates. The average Orenburg family consists of 3.3 people, which suggests that there is a tendency for families to have a second and even a third child. The age composition of the region is such that 17% are pensioners, 67% are the working population, and the remaining 15% are children and youth.
Three quarters of all residents of the region consider themselves Russian; there are communities of Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Mordvins and Kazakhs in the region. In percentage terms, Tatars are approximately 8%, Kazakhs - 6%, Ukrainians - 2.5%, Bashkirs - 2.3%. Other nationalities are represented insignificantly.
Figure of a Sarmatian deer. Photo by Marina (https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/marnat108)
You can only partially trust the statistics for the Orenburg region. Small peoples such as the Chuvash or Mordovians are heavily mixed with the Russians, and many, to simplify things, no longer pay attention to their true roots.
Crime
In the 90s, Orenburg was the gateway to Asia. Drugs were supplied through the region to Russia, and this was a feeding ground for bandits. Because of this, the region was regularly shaken by criminal conflicts, which resembled military operations rather than a dialogue between serious people. To this day, for example, the grave of the famous local crime boss Sergei Babnishchev reminds of that time. In the cemetery where the mafioso is buried, an eight-meter crucifix of Christ was erected in his honor. It is curious that a music center was built into the coffin of the crime boss, and at first sad music from underground was heard at the man’s grave. The mafia guarded Babnishchev’s burial site as an honor guard.
The Orenburg region became calm only in the middle of the last decade, when the last authorities retired or simply chose more peaceful ways to resolve conflicts. In recent years, pedophilia has become a resonant criminal topic in the life of Orenburg and its environs. A sect engaged in such debauchery was discovered in the city. Moreover, one of the child molesters was Honored Artist of Russia Grigory Cheblakov. Unfortunately, such scumbags are still detained in the region.
Unemployment rate
In the Orenburg region there is no unemployment rate, there is a “employee” level. If desired, everyone can find something to do here. The region is quite developed, but there is a problem that prevails in most regions of Russia - there is work, but the salary level is not satisfactory. Sellers, service personnel and builders can find a job without any problems. Representatives of other professions need to try or retrain as sellers, service personnel or builders.
Orenburg gas scraper. Photo by Dmitry Zolotarev (https://fotki.yandex.ru/users/dgzolotarev/)
In Orenburg, Orenburggazprom is considered the city-forming enterprise. If you are lucky enough to get a job here, then consider that life is good. In general, in the region the average salary is 22 thousand rubles. You can’t do much with this money, but it’s possible to live.
Property value
You can buy a house in the region inexpensively, but here, as elsewhere in Russia, there are few people who want to live in the village. Young people are trying to go to the regional center, but the situation there is completely different. On average, the price per square meter of housing in Orenburg exceeds 50 thousand rubles. To buy a normal one-room apartment you need to have an amount of no less than two million rubles. Not everyone can save so much money, but a mortgage was invented especially for such people, and a large number of Orenburg residents have already fallen into bondage.
Climate
The climate in the Orenburg region is temperate continental; closer to the western border of the region, a sharply continental climate predominates. Summer in the Orenburg region is hot and dry. Five months of the year are warm, five months are cold, two are moody. In winter, temperatures can drop to −40 °C. The average annual temperature in the region is +5.3 °C, which is quite warm by Russian standards.
Map of the Orenburg region with cities and villages
The region's cities were historically built on mining sites where mills and factories were established. One of the large industrial cities that can be found on a detailed map of the Orenburg region is Novotroitsk. Large deposits of iron ore were found in this place, so combines and factories were immediately formed to process this mineral, and the city quickly acquired the status of an “Orenburg magnet”.
In total, there are 12 cities in the region. The most significant of them, besides the capital of the region, are:
- Orsk;
- Buzluk;
- Novotroitsk;
- Abdulino.
Looking at the map of the Orenburg region with cities and villages, you can also find the main tourist center of the region - Sol-Iletsk. This is a unique place, with salt lakes and healing mud. The resort is located in the south of the region, so the air temperature here during the peak season reaches 38 degrees. The hot, dry climate and salt-saturated air have a beneficial effect on the human body, so in the summer it is always very crowded here.
In small settlements located on the picturesque expanses of rivers, there are a large number of tourist centers. A map of the Orenburg region with villages will help you find any object.
Fertility dynamics
The number of births in the Orenburg region per 1 thousand population is 14.6 people. A significant increase in this indicator began in the early 2000s. So, if in 1999 there were 9.1 children born per thousand inhabitants, then after three years this figure increased by more than one and a half units.
The constant increase in the birth rate in the region continued until 2010, when it amounted to 14.1 children per thousand inhabitants. After this, successful years alternate with unsuccessful ones in terms of fertility.
Economy and industry of the Orenburg region
More than 25% of the total population works at industrial enterprises in the region. The following industries are developed here:
- metallurgy;
- petrochemistry;
- food;
- mining
On the territory of the region there is the world's most famous factory of down scarves, which are woven from goat down. All enterprises are reflected on Yandex maps of the Orenburg region. You can also find the location of agricultural complexes. The region is engaged in both crop production and livestock farming. In the southern regions, melons and melons are grown, which tourists from other regions are happy to purchase.
Residents of the Orenburg region
The population of the Orenburg region has been steadily declining in recent years. Moreover, it grew until the mid-90s. It reached its peak in 1996, when the region’s population was 2 million 218 thousand 52 people. Since then, the population of the Orenburg region has been decreasing every year. Over 20 years, the loss amounted to about 30 thousand people.
In general, statistics on this area in Russia have been kept since 1897. Then in Orenburg and other cities, towns and villages, when asked how much is the population in the Orenburg region, statisticians gave fairly accurate figures. A total of 1 million 600 thousand 145 people were registered.
Orenburg Bashkirs
The Bashkirs play an important role in the formation of the national composition of the Orenburg region. Most of them live in Orenburg itself - about five and a half thousand people.
In Orenburg there are many monuments dedicated to the culture and history of the Bashkir people. In the regional capital there is a monument to the Caravanserai. This is a historical and architectural complex that was built in the middle of the 19th century. The complex was built using voluntary donations. It housed the residence of the commander of the Bashkir army. There were also hotels here for the Bashkirs, who regularly visited Orenburg on official business. The complex itself includes the Bashkir People's House and a mosque. The author of the original project is architect Alexander Bryullov, who developed the stylization of the main building as a traditional Bashkir village.
During the Civil War, the Caravanserai was the seat of the government of Bashkiria. In 1917, at one of the meetings, a decision was made to create the territorial autonomy of Bashkurdistan, which was to include the Orenburg province.
Orenburg
The main population of the cities of the Orenburg region is concentrated in the regional capital. More than a quarter of all residents of the region are registered here.
The city was founded in 1743 on the site of the Berd fortress. Today Orenburg has a well-developed economy. Industry is based on the gas production and gas processing industries, as well as metal processing and mechanical engineering. There are enterprises in the chemical, light and food industries.
Among the unique enterprises, it is necessary to highlight OJSC Orenshal, which produces the famous Orenburg down scarves; in addition to it, there is also a plant for Orenburg scarves. produces agricultural machinery.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the situation in Orenburg has stabilized after the crisis of the 90s. The economic success of the city is largely related to the successful development of the Gazprom Dobycha Orenburg enterprise.
Orenburg University began active construction of new buildings, modern sports facilities and the ethnographic complex “National Village” appeared.
Indigenous people of the Orenburg region
Initially, the population of the Orenburg region was formed by the Tatars. Now there are about 150 thousand of them left in the region. The Tatars were the indigenous inhabitants of the Orenburg region. Now they live compactly in several districts - Abdulinsky, Buguruslansky, Krasnogvardeysky, Matveevsky, Tashlinsky and Sharlyksky.
In total, there are almost 90 Tatar settlements in the region, where the number of residents of this nationality predominates. In these cities and towns, the Tatar language is studied at school; 34 Tatar preschool institutions have been opened in the Orenburg region. There are more than 70 mosques in the Orenburg region.
Composition of the population of the Orenburg region
The majority of residents of the Orenburg region are Russian by nationality. Their number is about 75%. In second place are Tatars - almost 7.5% of the inhabitants of this nationality in the region; in third place are Kazakhs - almost 6%.
More than two percent of the region is inhabited by Ukrainians and Bashkirs. Slightly less than two percent of representatives of Mordovian nationality.
The number of other residents of the region does not exceed 1%. About one and a half percent of residents during the last census refused to indicate their nationality.
Dynamics of mortality
In general, mortality in the Orenburg region has been increasing in recent years. This, of course, is reflected in the current population of the Orenburg region.
Scrupulous mortality statistics have been kept since 1970. Then 7.9 people died per thousand inhabitants. Since then, the number of deaths has increased every year. In 2005, this figure almost doubled and amounted to 15 and a half deaths per thousand inhabitants. In recent years, close attention has been paid to healthcare in the region, as well as throughout the country. Therefore, the statistics were able to stabilize. According to the latest data from Rosstat, 14.2 people die every year per thousand Orenburg residents.
