The Moscow region is a separate subject of the administrative-territorial structure of the Russian Federation. It is part of the Central Federal District and is named after the capital of the Russian Federation, although the latter is not included in it. Area of the Moscow region in square meters. km – 44.4 thousand. The territory of the capital is 2560 sq. km. Thus, the area of the Moscow region (2016) is almost 20 times larger. However, the number of its inhabitants is half that. Read about this and many other features of this subject of the Russian Federation in today’s article!
What holiday is it today?
December 16, 2021, Thursday
Today are holidays, events: Events that happened on December 16 in the world, in different years Tomorrow: Day of Strategic Missile Forces Day of Employees of the State Courier Service Memorable date in the military history of Russia: Capture of the Ochakov fortress in 1788
Today is the Orthodox holiday of the Prophet Zephaniah. Reverend Savva of Storozhevsky, Zvenigorod. Martyr Angelis... Tomorrow: Great Martyr Barbara and Martyr Juliania of Iliopolis. Venerable John of Damascus...
Today is a national holiday: Day of World Silence and Silence... Tomorrow: Barbarian Day...
Seasons
Seasons, four periods of the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) characterized by certain average temperatures. The period during which the Sun passes through one of these sectors is called the season. Spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere begin when the Sun passes through the initial circle of declination and its right ascension is 0° (vernal equinox). Summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere occur when the sun's right ascension is 90° (summer solstice). Autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere begin when the sun's right ascension is 180° (autumnal equinox). The beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere is considered to be the winter solstice, when the direct ascension of the Sun is 270°... Next: Seasons. Russian folk calendar. Monthly words...
Moscow region: area of urban districts
The largest in this category is Yegoryevsk. Its area is 1717.06 square kilometers. In second place is the urban-type settlement Shakhovskaya. Its area is 1218.88 square meters. km. All other urban districts of the Moscow region occupy less than one thousand square kilometers. In third place in terms of territory is the village of Serebryanye Prudy. Its area is 877.38 square meters. km. Then come Domodedovo, Kashira, Ozery, Mytishchi, Podolsk and Khimki.
All other urban districts of the Moscow region have an area of up to 100 square kilometers. Losino-Petrovsky occupies the smallest territory. Its area is only seven square meters. km. Reutov and Fryazino account for a little more – nine square kilometers each.
Folk calendar about every day
Every day one season always replaces another and this determines a person’s way of life. In connection with this, a folk calendar was formed in which there were practically no nameless, unmarked days. Every day was special, had its own purpose. All this was determined by climate conditions and astrological phenomena.
A calendar is a system for counting periods of time. The first calendars arose a long time ago, in ancient times, because there was a need to measure time. The word calendar comes from the Latin words caleo - to proclaim and calendarium - debt book. This is due to the fact that in Ancient Rome the beginning of each month was especially proclaimed, and because it was customary to pay debts on the first day of the month. Different peoples counted time differently. Some calendars are based on the changing phases of the moon - lunar calendars; in others - the change of seasons - sunny; in others, the length of the year was coordinated with the change of seasons, and the counting of months was associated with the phases of the Moon. Such calendars are called lunisolar.
In Rus', the calendar was called a monthly calendar. Every day, the month book covered the entire year of peasant life, “describing” day by day, month after month, where each day had its own holidays or weekdays, customs and superstitions, traditions and rituals, natural signs and phenomena. The cyclical nature of the calendar is reminiscent of human life, where spring is youth, summer is heyday, autumn is the time of harvesting fruits (it’s good if there are some, otherwise you can live your life without collecting fruits), winter is the time of wisdom and peace. This cyclicality and rhythm determined the way of life of the farmer. The folk calendar was an agricultural calendar, which was reflected in the names of the months, folk signs, rituals and customs. Even the determination of the timing and duration of the seasons is associated with real climatic conditions. Hence the discrepancy between the names of the months in different areas... Next: Folk calendar...
Main socio-economic indicators
We looked at how large the area of the Moscow region is in hectares. It makes up 0.3% of the territory of the Russian Federation. Now we can move on to other socio-economic indicators. The average annual number of employed people in the Moscow region is 3.041 million people. They receive an average of 34,947 rubles per month. Moreover, per capita expenses are about 24 thousand. The average nominal salary per month in the Moscow region according to 2015 data is 38,598 rubles.
In terms of gross regional product, the subject is in second place in the country. In 2014 it amounted to 2.7 trillion rubles. This is about 400 thousand per capita. The service sector provides more than half of the gross regional product. The structure of GRP of the Moscow region is as follows:
- Energy – 4.9%.
- Manufacturing industry – 25.5%.
- Service sector – 52.9%.
The region has significant investment potential. It is in third place in terms of the number of organizations that have foreign capital. An important feature of the geographical location of the region is its proximity to the capital of Russia. The proximity of the latter contributes to the development of the region and makes it attractive for migration. Sometimes he even takes over the capital's labor resources. There is a budget deficit in the Moscow region. The main source of income is taxes. The waste includes social payments, in particular for education and health care. In terms of industrial volume, the region is in second place, right after the capital. The leading industries are food, mechanical engineering, chemical and metallurgy.
Fishing calendar for every day
The fishing calendar should not be taken as an absolutely indisputable truth. Fish biting is greatly influenced by a whole range of natural factors, as well as the influence on the nature of man himself. You must not forget that the fish’s bite depends and is determined not only by the calendar dates and biological cycles of their life, reflected in the calendar, but also, no less, by the state of their habitat; the bite also depends on weather conditions: air and water temperatures, cloudiness, wind direction and strength, etc... Next: Fishing calendar...
Area of districts of the Moscow region
The administrative-territorial structure of the Russian Federation is determined by federal legislation. We have already said above that the area of the Moscow region is divided into 29 municipal districts, 34 city districts and 5 closed entities. Let's consider their sizes separately.
Let's start with those that have the largest territory. The largest municipal district is Shatursky. Its area is 2640.15 square kilometers. The second largest region is Mozhaisk district. Its area is 2627.28 square kilometers. In third place is the Dmitrovsky municipal district. Its area is 2182.02 square meters. km. The top five in terms of area also included municipal districts such as Klinsky and Sergiev Posad. Their area individually exceeds two thousand square kilometers.
The smallest district is Lyubertsy. It occupies only 122.31 sq. km. The territory of the Leninsky municipal district is slightly larger. Its area is 202.83 square meters. km. In third place from the end is the Krasnogorsk municipal district. Its area is 224.99 square meters. km. All other areas individually occupy more than 500 square kilometers.
Orthodox calendar about every day
Orthodox calendar: Orthodox, Church and Christian holidays.
The church year is an alternation of weekdays and holidays. On weekdays, a person is called to work “by the sweat of his brow to earn his bread.” Holidays are given in order to feel liberation, to rise above the bustle and routine of the world, to feel involved in the highest of worlds, “where there are no illnesses, sorrows and sighs, but endless life.” Since ancient times, holiday cycles have been associated with the seasons. The pagans associated them with the worship of the forces of nature, the cult of which in the Old Testament was replaced by gratitude to the Creator for the universe. And although the connection between holidays and the seasons has not completely lost its power, since God is present in everything, in the plant and animal world, in human works, it nevertheless faded into the background, giving way to a spiritual foundation built on the Sacred Scriptures. The history of Orthodox holidays dates back to the times of the Old Testament. Each of the Orthodox holidays is dedicated to the remembrance of the most important events in the life of Jesus Christ and the Mother of God, as well as the memory of saints... Next: Orthodox calendar...
Russian folk calendar for every day
The word “sign” comes from the word “notice”, i.e. observe. As a result of observing what happens around a person every day, he accumulates life experience. This knowledge was passed down from generation to generation, carefully preserved and people trusted it as a sacred book. Many signs have come to us from the depths of centuries without losing their knowledge. Each of us is free to choose: to dismiss all this as an absurd superstition or to take a closer look at the signs and take the centuries-old experience of generations more seriously. Most of us, when taking exams, ask them to scold them, boasting about some kind of good fortune or luck, spit so as not to jinx them or knock on wood, take a detour if a black cat crossed the road, are afraid of the number 13 and much more. And who among us does not have lucky things, numbers? Who has never resorted to the help of fate at least once in their life, who has not believed in secrets? It’s as if everything connected with signs is hidden somewhere deep in our subconscious. Often we remember them mechanically, unconsciously, or just as a joke. But, undoubtedly, the signs contain a lot of accurate knowledge and practical wisdom of our ancestors. They cover all the characteristic, often difficult to perceive, natural phenomena. Signs have preserved a lot of what was in old folk holidays and customs; they help predict the weather, grow crops... Next: Folk signs...
Capital
When you compare the area of Moscow and the Moscow region, as well as the size of their population, the uneven distribution of residents of the Russian Federation immediately becomes clear. On average, there are 4,832 people per square kilometer in the capital. According to official data, almost 13 million people live in Moscow. This is the first place among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The Moscow region is in second place for this indicator. About 7 million people live there. Moreover, the area of the Moscow region is almost 20 times larger than the capital.
Both subjects of the Russian Federation are attractive for migration. The population of the Moscow agglomeration exceeds 15 million people. As for the national composition of the capital’s residents, according to official statistics, 91% of the total number are Russian. However, there is other data. If we take into account illegal immigrants, then the population of Moscow is already predominantly Muslim. The capital of the Russian Federation is the largest financial center. It is also a center of mechanical engineering, chemical and light industry, as well as metallurgy. Cultivated areas occupy 15.1 hectares of the total territory, 1/8 of which is planted with grains and legumes.
Holiday calendar, dates and events of the year
All state and professional holidays in Russia, including significant World and International holidays, and other equally interesting holidays and events about every day.
The holiday has always kept pace with the history of mankind. Social time can be divided into three types: everyday life (weekdays), weekends and holidays. Everyday life is a series of practices repeated day after day and every day (work). Weekends are regular breaks from the rush of everyday life. It is believed that on weekends a person should restore his strength after working days. Day off, non-working day. A holiday is a day of celebration established in honor or in memory of someone or something. A day or series of days celebrated by the church in memory of a religious event or saint... Next: Calendar...
Prayer book, Orthodox prayers for every day
Prayer is the most powerful means for healing all illnesses - both physical and mental. Prayers can be laudatory or grateful, petitionary and repentant. If we have offended God, sinned, we must ask Him for forgiveness, that is, repent. Such prayers are called repentant prayers. If everything is fine with us, if we and our loved ones are healthy and prosperous, if we have a place to live, something to wear, something to eat, we must glorify and thank God for this. Such prayers are called praise or thanksgiving. If some misfortune, illness, trouble or need happens, you need to ask God for help. Such prayers are called petitionary... Next: Orthodox prayers...
Zodiac, astrological, eastern calendar. Zodiac signs
In ancient times, to establish the calendar, priests used knowledge of the positions of all the planets. Before the reform of Peter 1, the New Year was celebrated on the Day of the Autumn Equinox. On this day, according to ancient legend, the most peaceful treaty was concluded between the Great Race (ancient Slavs) and the Great Dragon (ancient Chinese) and it was approximately 7518 years ago... For the ancient Slavs, the calendar month corresponded to the lunar cycle from new moon to new moon, taking into account such Thus, the relationship of the entire annual cycle with astronomical and natural phenomena. There was no coherent calendar system. The main natural phenomena are still considered to this day to be the days of the solar equinox and solstice - the Slavic holidays Maslenitsa, Kupala, Ovsen and Kolyada. But during the time of Peter 1, all ancient Slavic calendars were abolished and a new Western European calendar from the Nativity of Christ (Julian calendar) was introduced, while the beginning of the calendar was moved to January 1. The Julian calendar (old style) did not take leap days into account and accumulated one extra day every 128 years. After the October Revolution in 1918, the Gregorian calendar (new style) was introduced in Russia, according to which an amendment of 13 days was introduced. The calendar of the ancient Slavs was based on two planets: the Sun and the Moon. And now they don’t use anything at all. The calendar has become static. There is no such thing as the calendar, it turns out, resting on some planet. Nobody even knows about it. There are just some standard numbers, there are months and holidays. The calendar is based on the Sun and Moon. Why is this so? Because these two luminaries influence the Earth. The Earth revolves around the Sun, and the Moon revolves around the Earth. And these two luminaries create the atmosphere on the planet. From here the calendar is built... Next: Astrological calendar...
REGIONS OF RUSSIA
The earth begins, as is known, from Flint.These words of Vladimir Mayakovsky contain a certain historical truth. On the approaches to Moscow, grandiose battles unfolded in which the question of “to be Russia or not to be” was decided. It was from Moscow that the impulses for the expansion of the state came. The capital of Russia lies approximately halfway between the White and Black Seas, the Urals and the Carpathians - in the center of the Russian Plain. This is the most populated, developed and rich in historical traditions part of the country.
Transport routes and communication systems are “focused” on Moscow; tens of thousands of passengers arrive at the capital’s airports, train stations and bus stations every day. In Moscow offices, protracted disputes are resolved every day as the last resort, petitions, complaints, court appeals are considered, someone's career is determined, etc. For an actor, pop singer, or athlete, the path to true popularity usually lies through Moscow - without the support of the capital's press or Central Television you cannot become a “star”. A series of various seekers of happiness is also reaching out to Moscow.
Many “provincials” have formed a view of a Muscovite as a person living in a privileged world. And there is some truth in this: during the period when there was a shortage of goods in the country, it was much easier to buy something in Moscow. Market relations at the end of the 20th century. little has changed: there are still more ways to earn and spend money in Moscow, as in any other metropolis in the world, than in the country as a whole. The city, where the lion's share of Russian capital is concentrated, is attractive for entrepreneurship, trade and the service sector.
However, has the Moscow region always been central, and Moscow was its capital?
THE OUTDOORS THAT MADE ITSELF THE CENTER
Seven centuries ago Moscow was a peripheral city. It originated in the 12th century. as the western guardian of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus'. The Volga and Oka rivers come closest to each other in the area of the cities of Tver and Serpukhov, and then move away from each other. Located in the middle between Tver and Serpukhov, Moscow seemed to cover the “neck” of the interfluve.
The Golden Horde, which subjugated Rus' in the 13th century, found Moscow an important military-political point, from where the routes to the cities between the Volga and Oka opened up. The advantages of Moscow's position were also well felt by its princes, who sometimes chose a pro-Horde political course. In the XIV century. one of them, Ivan Kalita, received the right to collect tribute from Russian cities for the Horde. This subsequently helped Moscow to unite the scattered Russian principalities around itself to overthrow the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
During the reign of Ivan III and Vasily III, Moscow became the capital of the Russian state, and in 1547, the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan IV took the title of Tsar (see the article “Borders. A Look Through the Centuries”).
It is noteworthy that medieval European travelers called the Russian state Muscovy, feeling the attraction of the entire power to the core, which became Moscow.
“THE ANNUAL RINGS” OF MOSCOW
Making the ascent from the outlying fortress to the capital, Moscow increased its territory many times over. At first, a posad (settlement) - Kitai-Gorod - was formed near the walls of the Moscow Kremlin. Further growth was secured by an earthen rampart that ran on the site of the modern Garden Ring (with a radius of almost 3 km). In the 18th century The border of the city became a new earthen rampart - Kamer-Kollezhsky (with a radius of about 5 km). In 1917, the Ring Railway (average radius approximately 12 km) was declared an official city boundary. This border lasted until the 60s, when a new one was established - along the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD) with a radius of up to 20 km.
Over a quarter of a century of rapid development of the capital in the 60-80s. Moscow managed to fill and develop most of the territory between the Okruzhnaya Railway and the Ring Road, and in the late 80s. even “splashed out” in several places beyond the Moscow Ring Road. Nowadays the area of the capital is 994 km2; About 9 million people permanently live in this territory.
The Kremlin and Moscow center.
You can often hear not “Russia believes” or “Moscow believes”, but “The Kremlin believes”, “The Kremlin declares”, etc. The President of Russia works in the Kremlin and his administration is located. Government communications wires lead into the Kremlin offices; here the fates of hundreds of thousands and millions of people are sometimes decided. In the nuclear age, the Kremlin is one of those few places on the planet on which the security of all mankind depends.
And at the same time, the Kremlin, together with Red Square and the Alexander Garden, is a historical complex, a treasury of national culture.
“The Tsar Cannon”, “The Tsar Bell”, the Ivan the Great bell tower, the tombs of the great princes and tsars, the monument to Minin and Pozharsky - all these are relics dear to the residents of Russia.
The most important bodies of political power are located near the Kremlin: the State Duma, the Constitutional Court, and the Federal Security Service. Here are also the main library of the country - the Russian State Library (RSL), the old buildings of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov (MSU), theaters - Bolshoi, Maly, Khudozhestvenny (MKhAT), Central Exhibition Hall (Manege).
Within the two central rings - Boulevard and Garden - the houses are densely packed, one to one; sidewalks and streets are narrow. At the same time, there are also unusually cozy corners, as if created for walking - Arbat lanes, Patriarch's ponds, etc. When building up the city, the area occupied by small rivers has long been used: they were run through pipes or diverted into underground sewers. The composition of the residents of the old Moscow center is quite specific: among them are native Muscovites who grew up here, keepers of city traditions, and high-ranking officials, military men, and diplomats who have recently settled in prestigious houses.
Various ministries, committees and other governing bodies were located in areas near the Garden Ring. Here are the buildings of leading news agencies (ITAR-TASS, Novosti), the editorial offices of the largest newspapers and magazines. In the same area are the State Circus, the theaters "Lenkom" (Lenin Komsomol), "Sovremennik", Variety Theater, Taganka Theater, etc.
In the changing Moscow center, which strives to keep up with fashion, there are places that have already gone down in history and have become national symbols: among them is the monument to Pushkin on Tverskoy Boulevard and the Tretyakov Gallery in Zamoskvorechye.
Station “necklace” and “zavok-zalye”.
Outside the Garden Ring, the density of urban development decreases: more free space and green areas appear. The most notable of them are the M. Gorky Park and Zoo.
The Moscow landscape would not be complete without the numerous railway tracks that stretch to nine stations. They disrupted and sometimes even disfigured the urban fabric. Next to the railway lines, vast industrial zones were formed, where workshops, warehouses, bases were stuck, pushing the residential buildings apart with the shoulders of their buildings. As you move away from the center, the city gradually loses its integrity and turns into a series of relatively loosely connected areas.
Behind the “necklace” of stations, open spaces are increasingly intruding into urban development. The huge city brought its cemeteries (Vagankovskoye, Novodevichye, etc.) and its prisons into the station zone (the Butyrka building stands between the Savelovsky and Belorussky stations, and “Matrosskaya Silence” is hidden behind the area of three stations).
This feature also includes a number of ancient monasteries that once existed as separate fortresses: Novodevichy, Donskoy, Danilov, Novospassky. There are also architectural ensembles that arose already in the 20th century: for example, the All-Russian Exhibition Center (VVC) complex in the north-east of the capital, the International Trade Center on Krasnopresnenskaya embankment. The most significant “city within a city” is Moscow State University on the Vorobyovy (Lenin) Hills. Its population is students, graduate students, teachers, employees of numerous faculties and departments (in 1997 there were about 35 thousand of them). On the opposite side of the Moscow River is the famous Luzhniki sports complex. Not far from Moscow State University there is another famous university - the People's Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba.
Residential outskirts.
Growing Moscow inevitably had to step over the barrier of industrial fences and access roads. New residential areas turned out to be separated from the central, historical and cultural part of the city. The Metropolitan, by extending its lines beyond the Ring Railway, partly reduced this disunity.
Behind the Circular Railway, ancient noble estates are interspersed into the city fabric: Kuskovo, Tsaritsyno, Kolomenskoye, as well as ensembles of more recent origin - Stalin’s dacha in Kuntsevo, a recreation area in Serebryany Bor, etc. The surviving fragments of former towns near Moscow are distinguished by the type of development.
A remarkable site in Moscow is a complex of memorial objects on Kutuzovsky Prospekt; This is the memory of two Patriotic wars. The Kutuzov Izba in Fili, the Borodino panorama, and the Arc de Triomphe remind of the invasion of Napoleon’s troops; about the Nazi invasion - Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill.
Most of the territory between the ring railway and the ring road is new residential areas. These are the so-called sleeping areas; as a rule, they are filled with standard multi-story buildings. In Moscow everyday life, the half-joking name “village” has taken root behind such neighborhoods. Returning from work, a resident of Medvedkovo or Orekhovo-Borisov says: “I’ll go to my village.” The first such new building area was called Cheryomushki after the name of the village that used to be here. In subsequent years, many cities had their own, local “Cheryomushki”, similar in appearance to the capital ones.
MOSCOW CONTINUING BEHIND MOSCOW. SUBURB
If you look at the outskirts of the capital from an airplane, you can see that residential areas do not end at the official border, but extend for tens of kilometers from the Moscow Ring Road.
Almost close to the capital there are a dozen large suburban cities, the largest of which are Odintsovo, Khimki, Mytishchi, Lyubertsy. If we add more “suburbs of suburbs” (for example, Korolev, merged with Mytishchi, and Shchelkovo, connected by suburbs with Korolev), then the total number of cities will more than double. This territory of continuous development is called the Moscow agglomeration (Latin agglomero - “I add”, “I accumulate”).
The most significant “tentacles” of the suburbs stretch from Moscow in the north-eastern, eastern and southern directions along historically established transport corridors, in particular along the Klyazma and Moskva River valleys. Within a radius of 40 km from the Kremlin, only Podolsk can boast that it received city status before the revolution. The rest of the Moscow suburbs grew out of villages already in Soviet times.
The near Moscow region has become a place of residence for many immigrants attracted by Moscow from different regions of Russia and other republics of the former Soviet Union. Numerous industries are located here, grouped, as a rule, by industrial sectors. There are aircraft manufacturing enterprises in Zhukovsky, Lyubertsy, Ramensky; space technology - in Kaliningrad, Khimki, Dzerzhinsky, Reutov, Tomilin, Istra; radio electronics - in the cities of Ramenskoye, Fryazino, Zelenograd, Lytkarino, Kaliningrad. Small arms are produced in Krasnogorsk and Klimovsk, military equipment - in Mytishchi.
At the same time, few people know the history of even large cities near Moscow, except for their residents. It’s good if one out of ten Muscovites can answer where, for example, Lytkarino or Klimovsk is located. The popularity of the industrial centers of the Moscow region was hampered for a long time by the regime of secrecy: many powerful factories could not be mentioned in the press. Until the end of the 80s. the entire area, with the exception of a few tourist routes, was closed to foreigners. One way or another, the “stars” of the suburban cities fade against the background of the Moscow “sun”.
Of course, Star City is widely known, where astronauts live and train. Aviation exhibitions and salons have made Zhukovsky famous in recent years. Popular old dacha villages are Peredelkino, Barvikha, Kratovo, etc.
In the near Moscow region you can still find villages with traditional Russian huts, but there are fewer and fewer of them. The suburbs are being developed by Muscovites at an increasing speed: comfortable cottage villages are being built here, mainly for the wealthiest people.
To relieve traffic flows around the capital, large ring highways were built: a railway (at a distance of 40-105 km) and two highways (at a distance of 50 and 80 km from the center of Moscow). Although “betonki” (as drivers call these ring roads), built for military purposes, were open to civilian traffic, until the 80s. they were not depicted on publicly available maps or mentioned in print. Now both roads are an attractive factor when choosing the location of a new country house or cottage construction.
A STAMP OF MOSCOW ON THE RURAL LANDSCAPE
Beyond Betonka-50, the landscape is gradually changing. Already 40-50 km from the multimillion-dollar city, between the main transport arteries, real forests begin - favorite places for mushroom pickers and tourists. Typical rural landscapes of Central Russia also appear: forests alternate with arable lands, fields, most often of irregular shape, are separated from each other by hollows, gullies or roads leading to villages.
The surrounding area supplies Moscow with products that are unprofitable and impractical to transport from afar (chicken eggs, milk, potatoes and other vegetables). Large poultry farms and greenhouses are located near the capital. Every tenth village in the Moscow region has a dairy farm. The prevalence of livestock farming is manifested in the details of the landscape - it is characterized by high silos (in which feed is stored), elongated buildings of cowsheds, etc. Numerous herds of cows grazing on pastures near Moscow look picturesque.
During the years of the economic crisis, suburban agriculture fell into decline, although it remains one of the most productive in the country (see the article “Rural Russia”). In the 90s it began to lose in competition with imported food, which was displacing fresh, perishable local products.
In market conditions, keeping cows becomes difficult and unprofitable. For the 90s The number of livestock in the region has more than halved. Residents of villages near Moscow can easily find work in manufacturing, construction, etc., so they often stop cultivating the land or caring for livestock.
For the rural population, an important source of additional income is servicing summer residents. They are sold milk, potatoes, manure, and offered to make repairs or perform other auxiliary work. In winter, when life in garden and dacha cooperatives comes to a standstill, uninvited guests, “specialists” in petty robberies, usually come there.
Unlike the Moscow suburbs, the cities located along Betonka-80 and beyond it are not so dependent on Moscow: they already have their own way of life, rhythm and style of life. These settlements have an ancient history. Thus, Mozhaisk was first mentioned in chronicles among the Chernigov cities; Volokolamsk was founded by Novgorodians; Serpukhov until the 15th century. was the capital of an appanage principality; Dmitrov is the same age as Moscow and was also founded by Yuri Dolgoruky as a fortress equivalent to the future capital.
Some of the cities can be compared in economic power with regional centers. Kolomna especially stands out with its largest factories - diesel locomotive and machine tool manufacturing. The cities of the distant Moscow region, unlike the suburbs, serve a vast territory, and neighboring regions often fall into their zone of influence. For example, Sergiev Posad is an important center for the south of the Yaroslavl region, and Orekhovo-Zuevo for the west of the Vladimir region. One of the hallmarks of such cities is large bus stations.
Dream books online, interpretation of dreams
A dream book is nothing more than an interpreter of dreams and dreams, a translator of dreams. Since ancient times, people have been using dream books; dreams have always been given great importance, and people have often noticed the prophetic properties of some dreams. The dream book can become your faithful assistant every day and throughout your life, thanks to the dream interpreter you can always make the right decisions, the dream book will help you resist temptations in time, and will warn you against wrong steps and frivolous actions. Further…
