Magadan region: area, location, districts

• November 17, 2019
• Regions
• Natalia Kalinichenko

The Magadan region is a region where permafrost remains, very harsh winters, and even gold, of which about 20 tons are mined per year. There is untouched nature and fast-flowing rivers, and there are nomadic tribes of reindeer herders. The region has the most beautiful mountains and one of the coldest seas in the whole world - Okhotsk, the water temperature of which does not rise above +10 °C even in the warmest time of the year.

The area of ​​the Magadan region is not so large, but per 1 resident it accounts for as much as 3 square meters. km.

general characteristics

The region is the eastern region of the country and, according to its administrative-territorial division, is part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Located in the northeast of the state. It borders on the Republic of Sakha and the Khabarovsk Territory, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The region is dominated by mountainous terrain. Plains are represented in river valleys and on the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

The area of ​​the Magadan region for 2021 is 462,464 square meters. km.

The administrative district is the city of Magadan, which is considered the most comfortable in the entire Far East.

In terms of population, the region is the most sparsely populated in the entire country, while the region ranks 11th in terms of area.

Links[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. President of Russian Federation. Decree No. 849 of May 13, 2000 “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District.” Entered into force on May 13, 2000. Published: “Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation”, No. 20, Art. 2112, May 15, 2000 (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849 “ On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District
   .” Entered into force on May 13, 2000).
2. Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. No. OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 “All-Russian classifier of economic regions. 2. Economic regions,” ed. Changes No. 5 / 2001 OKER. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. No. OK 024-95 dated December 27, 1995. Russian classification of economic regions. 2. Economic regions
   as amended by Amendment No. 5/2001 OKER.).
3. Article 44 of the Charter of the Magadan Region, which concerns symbols of the Magadan Region, does not include an anthem, and no separate law has been passed establishing an anthem in the region.
4. ^ ab Decree of December 3, 1953
5. Charter of the Magadan Region, Article 38.4.
6. Charter of the Magadan Region, Article 45
7. Official website of the Magadan region. Official website of the Magadan region (in Russian)
8. Charter of the Magadan Region, Article 62
9. Federal State Statistics Service (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Territory, number, settlements and administrations by subject of the Russian Federation (territory, number of districts, settlements and rural administration by subject of the Russian Federation)". All-Russian Population Census of 2002 (All-Russian Population Census of 2002
   ). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
10. ^ abcd Federal State Statistics Service (2011). All-Russian Population Census 2010. Volume 1 [All-Russian Population Census 2010, vol. 1]. All-Russian Population Census 2010 [All-Russian Population Census 2010] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
11. "26. The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2021". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
12. "On the Calculation of Time". Official Internet portal of legal information
    . June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
13. An official throughout the Russian Federation in accordance with Article 68.1 of the Russian Constitution.
14. The Legacy of Perestroika and Indigenous Peoples in Magadan, Winfried K. Dallmann, Norwegian Polar Institute. Retrieved February 26, 2007.
15. "Moscow signs power-sharing agreements with five more regions". Jamestown
    . July 7, 1997. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
16. Chuman Mizuki. "The Rise and Fall of Center-Regional Power-Sharing Treaties in Post-Soviet Russia" (PDF). Democratization
    : 146.
17. Star (TV channel). 2021. A bowhead whale staged a water show off the seashore in Magadan. Retrieved September 28, 2017
18. "Magadan special economic zone in the Russian Far East will be maintained until 2025". TASS
    . Retrieved March 13, 2021.
19. ^ abc "Magadan region - General information". Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
20. ↑
    Magadan still remains a zone after Putin's visits, Kommersant, November 23, 2005.
21. ↑
    Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (May 21, 2004). The population of the Russian Federation, cities of the Russian Federation within federal districts, urban settlements, urban settlements, settlements, settlements is 3 thousand or more people [Population of Russia, its federal districts, subjects of the Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - administrative centers and rural settlements with a population of more than 3000 people] (XLS). All-Russian Population Census of 2002 [All-Russian Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
22. All-Union Population Census of 1989 Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Regions and Districts, Territories, Regions, Urban Settlements and Village District Centers [All-Union Population Census of 1989: Current Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Regions and Districts, Territories, Regions , districts, urban settlements and villages performing the functions of district administrative centers]. All-Union Population Census of 1989 [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics [Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 - via Demoscope Weekly
    .
23. "Natural movement of the population in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation". www.gks.ru.
    _ Retrieved March 13, 2021.
24. Federal State Statistics Service
25. "VPN-2010". www.gks.ru.
    _ Retrieved March 13, 2021.
26. https://www.bricsinfo.org/bricsinfo/research/download.jsp?seq=6037
27. https://www.magadan.ru/economica/prr01.php
28. “Review of Eurasia. Russia Zhirinovsky calls on the Japanese to move to Russia." Retrieved March 13, 2021.
29. Interfax. www.interfax.com
    . Retrieved March 13, 2021.
30. Rambler News. Zhirinovsky to resettle the Japanese in Russia." Retrieved March 13, 2021.
31. ^ abc "Arena: Atlas of religions and nationalities of Russia". Wednesday, 2012.
32. 2012 Arena Atlas Religious Maps. “Ogonyok”, No. 34 (5243), 08/27/2012. Retrieved 04/21/2017. Archived.

Sources [edit]

• Magadan Regional Duma. No. 218-OZ December 28, 2001 “Charter of the Magadan Region”, as amended. Law No. 2185-OZ of June 14, 2021 “On the adoption of an amendment to the Charter of the Magadan Region.” Came into force after ten days from the date of official publication. Published: “Magadanskaya Pravda”, No. 201 (18919), December 29, 2001 (Magadan Regional Duma. Law No. 218-OZ of December 28, 2001. Charter of the Magadan Region
  as amended by Law of June 14, 2021 No. 2185 -OZ "
  On Amendments to the Charter of the Magadan Region"
  . Valid from ten days after the official date of publication.).
• Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Decree of December 3, 1953 “On the formation of the Magadan Region.” (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Decree of December 3, 1953 “ On the formation of the Magadan Region”
  ).

Population and religion

At the beginning of this year, the population was 141,234 citizens. The majority are Russians, accounting for 80.3% of the total number. There are few indigenous people – 2.7%. The second largest nationality is Ukrainians, 9.9% of them here.

The average life expectancy in the region is 63.7 years, women live to 70.1 years, and men only to 58.1 years.

About 57% of the total population consider themselves Orthodox. Protestants are about 3.6%, and Catholics are even smaller - 2.2%.

The demographic situation has been steadily declining since the 1983s, as has the number of residents. Migration occurs mainly to the Urals, the central part of the country and the Volga region. For example, in 1987 the population of the region was 550 thousand people.

In addition to the fact that many people are leaving the region, mortality is increasing and the birth rate is decreasing. Over the past year, 1,632 people died in the region, and only 1,377 were born.

Settlements

The entire area of ​​the Magadan region is 74 settlements, forests, lakes, rivers and endless open spaces. The largest population is in the regional center - Magadan, where 91,781 people live as of the beginning of this year. There is another city in the region - Susuman, where only 4,588 people live. The third largest settlement is the village of Ola. It has 6117 people. The population is represented predominantly by indigenous tribes. The village is located on Tauiskaya Bay, where the winds constantly blow.

The next village with a large population is the town of Sokol, with a population of 4805 people. Located literally 50 km from the capital, in the direction of Ust-Nera, in the vicinity of Magadan airport. The top five is closed by the village of Omsukchan, where 3,707 people live. It appeared in 1937 on the site of rich deposits of gold, silver, and tin.

The rest of the territory is settlements of the Magadan region, urban type and just villages. The smallest in terms of population are Taskan and Kolymskoye, where 10 people live each.

From 2014 to 2021, 11 settlements were abolished. This trend is still observed today. At the beginning of 2021, there were no longer any residents left in a number of settlements, in particular in Stan Utin, Sporny, Polevoy, Imeni Gorky, Verkhniy Art-Uryakh, Yablonevoy, Karamken, Obo and a number of others.

There are only 9 districts in the Magadan region. The largest is Olsky, consisting of 9 villages. In total, 9,637 people live in the district. The bulk of the population settled on the coast and is engaged in fishing and hunting. Hardworking residents even manage to grow potatoes and other vegetables, and this in permafrost conditions!

The smallest district is Sredne-Evansky, where only 1,938 people live on an area of ​​102,000 square meters. km. There are only 5 settlements in the area, whose residents are mainly engaged in the mining of gold and other precious metals and stones. There are not even roads or railways here.

Demographics[edit]

Population

: 156,996 people (according to the 2010 census); [10] 182,726 (2002 census); [21] 542,868 (1989 census). [22]

• Total fertility rate: 1.344 children per woman (2008).
• Urban TFR: 1,300 children per woman (2008)
• Rural TFR: 5,879 children per woman (2008)
• Infant mortality rate: 14.2 per 1000 births (2007).
• Urban infant mortality rate: 12.9 per 1000 births (2007).
• Infant mortality rate in rural areas: 34.8 per 1000 births (2007) (highest in all of Russia).

Vital statistics for 2012

• Births: 1917 (12.4 per 1000)
• Deaths: 1,943 (12.6 per 1,000) [23]

Total Fertility Rate: [24]

2009 - 1.54 | 2010 - 1.44 | 2011 - 1.48 | 2012 - 1.65 | 2013 - 1.69 | 2014 - 1.66 | 2015 - 1.66 | 2021 - 1.59 (d)

Ethnic groups

: According to the 2010 census, the ethnic composition was: [10]

• 127,936 Russians (84.1%);
• 9857 Ukrainians (6.5%);
• 2635 Evens (1.7%);
• 1415 Tatars (0.9%);
• 1121 Belarusians (0.8%);
• 4,930 people were registered in administrative databases and could not indicate their nationality. The proportion of ethnic groups in this group is estimated to be the same as in the stated group. [25]

Demographic data for 2006 and later[edit]

Magadan

Magadan is a federal subject with the highest level of depopulation in the Russian Federation. Its population was 384,525 people in 1991, and on January 1, 2008 - 165,820 people (according to the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics), the rate of decline was about 2% per year. The rural population, which stood at 59,151, was only 8,833 in 2008 and was declining by about 10% annually. Entire villages are being evicted, and the population of rural areas simply disappears. The rural population of the Yagodninsky district decreased from 13,843 (1991) to 445 (2007). In the Omsukchan region, the rural population dropped sharply from 1,301 to 79 people. Particularly stark is the example of the Susumansky district, where the rural population has almost disappeared: from 9,764 in 1991 to 116 in 2007. Emigration is evidenced by the fact that in the 20-24 age group, only 66 women lived in rural areas compared to 202 men. Life expectancy for men in rural areas increased to 53.73 years in 2006 from 51.88 in 2005. [26] Depopulation will continue at about the same rate in 2021, as the population is approximately 139,000.

Although the Magadan region is included in the resettlement program for ethnic Russian families [27], not a single such family from neighboring countries has settled in the region so far. [ citation needed

]

After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, leader of the Russian LDPR party, called on the Japanese to leave the "dangerous islands" and move to the Magadan region. [28] [29] [30]

Religion[edit]

According to a 2012 survey [31], 29.6% of the population of the Magadan region profess the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% are unaffiliated general Christians, 3% are practicing Orthodox Christians who do not belong to any church or adhere to other Orthodox churches, 2% of the population adheres the original Slavic faith (Rodnoverie) or Siberian shamanism, 1% - Islam, 1% - Old Believers. In addition, 27% of the population state that they are "spiritual but not religious", 13% are atheists, and 20.4% adhere to other religions or did not answer the question. [31]

Capital

What is the federal district of Magadan? Naturally, it is Far Eastern, since the city is the administrative center of the entire region. 91,781 residents live here, that is, 64% of the total population of the region.

Where this name came from, historians have never been able to establish exactly. However, there are many versions about this. But most scientists agree that the name comes from the Even phrase “windy place”, or “mongdan”.

The capital of the Magadan region is spread over an area of ​​295 square meters. km. The summer here is very short with white nights but strong winds. The settlement itself is divided into two parts by the mouth of the Magadanka River. The coldest month is January, when the average air temperature is -16 °C. The warmest month of summer is August, but even at this time the temperature does not rise above +15 °C.

The architecture is represented mainly by houses built in the 50s of the last century in the neoclassical style. There are unique designs characteristic of the Stalinist Empire style.

The capital of the Magadan region received city status in 1939. The area was inhabited by gold miners. The city has a port, which is the second largest in the entire northeast of the state.

Food products in the capital are quite expensive, because it is quite problematic to deliver them here. You can get to the city by car or plane. To get to Magadan from the European part of the country by car, you will have to travel more than 10,000 km, which is at least 148 hours. The plane ride is also 7 hours. There is no railway connection, as well as passenger shipping. The port accepts exclusively cargo ships, but only from December to May.

An amazing fact: despite the severity of the climate, the city has a huge number of fountains.

Cars are almost never stolen in Magadan. And the reason is simple: there is simply nowhere to put them and no one to sell them to. In the 70s of the last century, Shufutinsky sang in a local restaurant for 3 whole years. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a third of the population left the city within 10 years. Another interesting fact: in the capital of this region there is not a single McDonald's, but there is a local catering chain that is no worse than the American brand.

Historical information about the region

Until the 18th century, the entire area of ​​the Magadan region was inhabited by Yukaghirs. Then the Russian Cossacks began campaigning in this region. Already in the 20-30s of the last century, geological exploration expeditions were constantly sent here. In the 1930s, the first gold mining trust opened, and the mines grew. There were many prisons in the region. Prisoners were used as free labor.

However, archaeological excavations prove that the first people appeared on these lands in the early Neolithic era.

The region received its modern borders in 1953, this year being the date of its formation. Magadan was founded in 1939 as a workers' village and became a regional center in 1954. In the same 1954, the workers' settlement received the status of a city, the name remained the same - Magadan. What region or region is this? There are nuances here. In fact, the city is the capital of the Magadan region - a subject of the Russian Federation, that is, a territorial unit.

In fact, modern legislation gives the region and the region the same legal status. Although the terms have different historical backgrounds.

In pre-revolutionary Russia, the region was a territory that had borders with other states. The region could include several regions. However, even in those days the status of the region and the region was virtually the same. Over time, the concepts became synonymous. For example, even the phrase Perm region is no longer actually used, since this region has ceased to be a border region.

Naturally, it is impossible to imagine Magadan without the Gulag camp system. In 1932, the Northeast forced labor camp appeared, which existed until 1951. In the year it was closed, there were more than 170 thousand prisoners in the camp, who, in fact, were engaged in gold mining and building the city.

Authorities

Depending on the type of administrative-territorial unit, authorities are formed. The question arises: the region and Magadan itself - which federal district? This entire territory is included in the Far Eastern Federal District. State power is exercised by the regional duma, headed by the governor. The local Duma is a unicameral body. This is the only legislative and supreme authority in the region.

Deputies enter the Duma through direct elections and serve for 5 years.

The structure of the executive power is determined by the governor within the scope of his competence.

Since September 2021, the post of governor has been occupied by Sergey Konstantinovich Nosov (born in 1961). This person is distinguished by excellent organizational skills and decency. He has an active political position and is a member of the United Russia party.

Before the elections to the post of governor of the Magadan region, Sergei Konstantinovich was the head of Nizhny Tagil. During his reign, he managed to bring the city to 11th position in the ranking of efficiently managed cities. During the period of Nosov’s activity, the program for the implementation of innovative improvement projects was fully implemented. New, and most importantly, affordable housing was built, lighting and landscaping work was carried out, and socially significant infrastructure facilities were repaired.

The key problem of the region, as the governor notes, is population decline. People are the fundamental factor of economic growth and prosperity. It is impossible to develop the potential of the region if there is a constant outflow of population.

At the moment, there are several programs to solve the demographic problem. There is a program to support young families, and a system of targeted assistance to low-income families. The education and health care systems are slowly but still improving, and the comfort of living in populated areas is increasing.

Those who want to move to Kolyma have the opportunity to get several hectares of Far Eastern land. There is also a proposal to return military units to the region to attract officers and their families.

MAGADAN REGION

Orthodoxy on the territory of M. o. was brought by Russian troops. pioneers. The first cases of baptism of representatives of local peoples date back to the 17th century. During the construction of forts and fortresses, the Cossacks erected chapels along with barracks, arsenals and warehouses. In 1653, a chapel was built in the Tauisky fort, and in 1739, a chapel in the Yamsky fort. In 1668, the Siberian and Tobolsk Metropolitan. Cornelius sent the priest of the Yakut Spassky Monastery to the Indigirka, Alazeya and Kolyma rivers “for hierarchical affairs.” Macaria. His mission lasted 15 years.

In ecclesiastical terms, the territory of M. o. from ser. XVII century until 1727 it was subordinate to the Tobolsk diocese, and on January 15. In 1727 it became part of the newly formed Irkutsk diocese (see article Irkutsk and Angarsk diocese).

All R. XVIII century Head of the Kamchatka Spiritual Mission Archimandrite. Joasaph (Khotuntsevsky; later bishop) sent “preaching retinues” to the lands adjacent to the Kamchatka Peninsula, including the Okhotsk coast. In 1758, in the Gizhiginsk fortress, the Cossacks built the Spasskaya Church, which became the center of missionary activity. Thanks to its clergy and parishioners, by the 60s. XVIII century settled Koryaks from the vicinity of the Gizhiginsk fortress and Garmandy (now a village in the North-Evensky district) were converted to Orthodoxy; The clergy of Spasskaya Church traveled to the Koryak forts every year. for performing divine services and requirements. After 1760, the baptism of Koryak nomads began, and in the 80s. 18th century - mass conversion of nomadic and sedentary Tungus to Orthodoxy. During the same period, many were baptized. Yukaghirs. To the beginning XIX century all the Okhotsk Tungus professed Orthodoxy.

In the end In 1840, the Kamchatka diocese was established, which included most of the territory of the Moscow region. Bishop became the first Kamchatka bishop. St. Innokenty (Veniaminov; from 1850 archbishop, later metropolitan) with the title “Kamchatka, Kuril and Aleutian”. On July 26, 1852, the Yakut region was annexed to this diocese, which included the southwest. part of the lands of M. o.

At St. Innocent the number of churches in the region increased. Residents of the village Yamsk has been seeking permission to build a church since the 30s. XIX century; to the beginning 40s the local chapel has become very dilapidated. By decree of the Synod of April 5. In 1844, the construction of the temple was allowed. In Feb. 1847 new Blagoveshchenskaya church. consecrated by St. Innocent. The Synod decided to rebuild the Tauya chapel into a church (it was built several times, the last one in 1820) back in 1834. However, instead of building a new temple, an altar was attached to the chapel; The 1st rector of the Intercession parish in 1839 became priest. Stefan Popov. In 1843, a new Tauya church was founded, consecrated by St. Innocent on March 5, 1847. According to legend, it was built on the site of the discovery of the icon of the Intercession of the Mother of God. In 1857 the church burned down, the new one was consecrated on December 23. 1864 St. Innocent encouraged the construction of chapels on the Okhotsk coast with the participation of wealthy reindeer herders. In the 50s XIX century chapels were erected in the villages of Ola and Arman (now villages of the Olsky district).

In 1845, to the Okhotsk Tungus from the Nikolaevskaya marching center. St.'s assistant arrived. St. Innocent D. V. Khitrov (afterwards Bishop Dionysius). During a trip around the diocese in the beginning. 50s XIX century St. Innocent established the Gizhiga mission headed by Fr. Lev Popov. K ser. XIX century Orthodoxy was adopted by the sedentary Koryaks who lived in the villages of Yamsk, Tumany (later a village in the Olsky district, now defunct) and Nayakhan (later a village in the North-Evensky district, now defunct). Priest S. Popov, who often traveled to the nomadic Tungus, learned their language. With the blessing of St. Innokenty, with the help of the Taui Cossack foreman of the Tungus G. Sheludyakov, he created an alphabet for the Tungus. In 1854 this missionary translated the Gospel of Matthew and the Short Catechism with Prayers; He also compiled the “Tunguska Primer with Prayers” (M., 1858) and the “Brief Tunguska Dictionary” (M., 1859).

In the 1st half. XIX century The settlers, who in 1771 left the abolished Anadyr fort in Chukotka and moved to the Gizhiginsk fortress, began to return to their old place. In the vicinity of the former settlements arose from the forts. During this period, the center of missionary work in the river basin. Anadyr became Gizhiginskaya Spasskaya church. In the 40s XIX century St. Innocent sent clergymen from here to Chukotka to preach to the Chukchi; the newly established Anadyr mission (also called the Gizhiginskaya marching church) was headed by the Gizhiginsky priest. R. I. Vereshchagin. Spasskaya c. did not have the funds necessary to maintain the mission; the income of the Yamskaya and Tauya churches was directed for this purpose. In 1862, at the expense of the Gizhiga merchant P.P. Bragin in the village. In Markovo (now the Anadyr district of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) the Nikolskaya Church was built, which became the center of the Anadyr mission. Gizhiginskaya marching center was renamed the Koryak marching mission.

Established 12 Jan. 1870 of the Yakut diocese (which was then headed by Bishop Dionysius (Khitrov), who had been the Yakut vicar bishop since 1868) territory of M. o. was divided between it and the Kamchatka diocese.

The Christianization of indigenous peoples was facilitated by the founding of St. Innocent in 1869. Orthodox Missionary Society. Thus, his Yakut Committee, formed in 1870, took part in financing the Chukotka-Kolyma mission (RGIA. F. 796. Op. 193. D. 6828. L. 25). In 1875, the Kazan Orthodox Missionary Society under St. Guria of Kazan Brotherhood founded a translation commission, the first chairman of which was N. I. Ilminsky. She was engaged in translation into foreign languages, including Tungusic (Even), religions. literature, compilation of dictionaries and primers; after these works were published and distributed largely free of charge.

1 Jan 1899 The Kamchatka diocese was divided into Blagoveshchensk (see article Blagoveshchensk and Tyndinsk diocese) and Vladivostok (see article Vladivostok and Primorsky diocese). The latter included the lands of the Moscow region, which previously belonged to the Kamchatka diocese.

In the end XIX - early XX century on the territory of M. o. Temple construction continued. In 1884 in the village. Yamsk instead of the dilapidated Annunciation Church. a new one was built. 8 Sep. 1896 in the village. Ola, the newly built Epiphany Church was consecrated. The linen iconostasis for her was made in Moscow with donations from wealthy Tungus nomads, brothers Innokenty and Mikhail Khabarov. In the end XIX century in the village Arman, the Annunciation Church was built; then or at the beginning. XX century A wooden St. Nicholas Church was erected in the village. Seymchan (now a village in Srednekansky district). In the beginning. XX century the Tauy and Ola churches are mentioned in sources as dilapidated.

In 1907, Vladivostok Archbishop. Eusebius (Nikolsky; later metropolitan) appointed priest the rector of the Gizhiga parish and the head of the Koryak field mission. Nestor (Anisimova; later metropolitan). As a result of flooding caused by heavy rains in Aug. 1907, residents of Gizhiginsky district. famine threatened. Jerome. Nestor with the assistance of Archbishop. Eusebius, Bishop of Mamadysh Andrei (Ukhtomsky), Archpriest. right John of Kronstadt (who made their donations) and the editors of certain newspapers managed to organize a collection of funds in a number of cities and provinces of Russia to help the victims. During the 1st year of missionary service by Rev. Nestor mastered the Tungusic (Even) language and, with the help of the Tungus and local Russians, translated into it the Lord's Prayer, the Beatitudes, certain Gospel chapters, and instructions about Christ. life, etc. Afterwards these translations were published. 14 Sep. 1910 on the initiative and project of Hierom. Nestor, the missionary Kamchatka Brotherhood in the name of the All-Merciful Savior was opened, and on November 4. 1911 The Kamchatka mission (4 camps) was restored. Its activities extended to the Kamchatka region, including the Okhotsk and Gizhiginsky districts. The mission was subordinated to the Vladivostok bishop, and priest became its head. Nestor (since 1914 hegumen, since 1915 archimandrite). In Aug. In 1916, the semi-independent Petropavlovsk (from October of the same year - Kamchatka and Petropavlovsk) vicarity of the Vladivostok diocese was formed, and Archimandrite was appointed to head it. Nestor. Oct 16 In 1916, his episcopal consecration took place in Vladivostok. Next year Bp. Nestor went to the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1917-1918. In 1919 he visited Kamchatka twice, and in the beginning. 1920 left Russia. In 1922, the Far Eastern Bishops' Conference was held in Nikolsk (now Ussuriysk), based on the decision of which in the same year the Higher Church Administration Abroad decided to separate the Kamchatka Vicariate into an independent diocese.

In the XIX - early XX century at churches on the territory of M. o. there were a few schools in which children of the Tungus, Yakuts, Itelmens and Koryaks studied. However, these schools operated periodically, stopping and resuming work; there were few students. In conditions of an acute shortage of doctors and paramedics and an insufficient supply of medicines, clergy provided medical assistance to local residents.

The nomadic lifestyle of the local population and the long distances to and between temples gave the religions a unique character. lives of indigenous peoples. In the XVIII - beginning. XX century the nomadic Tungus and Yukagirs were often baptized by laymen; Priests came to them to perform weddings (in such cases, a clarification was made in the metric books about the wedding “in the field”). Ep. Nestor (Anisimov) testified that when he visited the nomadic Tungus, they built from several to perform their services. one spacious yurt that could accommodate more than 200 people. At the place of communion, a cross was erected, which remained there after the large yurt was dismantled and the nomads left. Until the closure of churches in the 20th century. Not only sedentary residents, but also nomads sought to visit them regularly and as often as possible. During Maslenitsa, the Tungus of the Tauy coast, passing from the Ola fair, stopped in Tauysk with their godfathers and settled friends, visited the local Pokrovskaya church, got married, and baptized their children. During Lent, many old people came from the tundra to Tauisk to fast and participate in the sacraments. During this period, they also found shelter in the houses of settled Tauians, visited friends, and exchanged goods they brought with them. Orthodox in everyday life. Tungus of the Taui coast were entrenched in Rus. customs associated with the church calendar cycle: skiing from the mountains, parties with Russian. songs and dances, mummers going home on Christmastide and Maslenitsa. The Gizhiga Tungus entered into marriages with the Koryaks only if the latter accepted Orthodoxy. Christianity among the indigenous peoples was intertwined with their traditions. beliefs in the afterlife and ideas about invisible good and evil patrons.

After the establishment of Soviet power in the region, already in the 20s. XX century, local authorities carried out an assessment of the church property of the Yamsk Annunciation Church, and all the money was confiscated “for the benefit of the state.” The candles, incense, wine, oil and flour necessary for the services were described, but were not confiscated, since the believers were able to pay their cost. There were multiple violations during the assessment process. The complaint of the priest has been preserved. S.I. Mamin (addressed, obviously, to the spiritual authorities), in which he reported that in the altar “the evaluation commission headed by the secretary of the Selrevkom committed such blasphemy that ignorant savages do not allow.” The priest pointed out the impossibility of performing divine services “until the Sacred objects of the Throne and the altar are sanctified from the impurities of the touch of the hands of the said impudents” (GA Magadan Region F. R-40. Op. 1. D. 4. L. 271. Quoted from: Batsaev. 2007. P. 26). In 1926, by order of the Olsk regional executive committee, the old Yamsk church was dismantled for firewood for the school, and the altar and altar were burned. The buildings and property of the new Ola Blagoveshchenskaya Church were assessed.

Anti-religion. work on the territory of M. o. faced a number of difficulties. In the 20s XX century representatives of local authorities (Ibid. p. 25). In Aug. 1925 at the 1st Tunguska congress of the Olskaya Volost. a representative of 6 clans made a request to send a parish priest to Ola. There were cases of village councils providing their premises for meetings of believers. At the same time, “employees of Soviet bodies” not only did not interfere with the holding of these meetings, but also took an active part in them. In Jan. In 1927, the regional executive committee sent telegrams to all village councils of the Olsky district, in which they pointed out the inadmissibility of such facts, and in a telegram dated March 4, 1927, they demanded to “decisively strengthen the fight against religion” (Ibid.).

Priest S. Mamin continued to perform divine services in the Yamsk Annunciation Church until the end of his life (died in July 1928). and in the Arman parish, which he visited several times. once a year. In the spring of 1929, a resident of Yamsk P. Chernykh traveled to the village. Gizhiga to invite the local priest. N. Snovidova to come to Yamsk to fulfill the requirements. But the priest refused the trip, fearing harassment from the authorities. Until the beginning 30s XX century divine services in a number of churches and chapels on the territory of the Moscow Oblast. performed by the priest who came once a year from Okhotsk. (prot.?) A. Kanaev; the rest of the time, services were performed in a secular manner. Nomadic Evens at a meeting in Tauysk on February 14. In 1931, they turned to the authorities with a request to repair the Intercession Church, but it was soon taken away from the believers; its dilapidated building remained until the beginning. 60s XX century On March 27, 1931, a general meeting of residents of the village took place. Yamsk, which decided to petition the Olsk regional executive committee for the establishment of the Annunciation Church in the building. huts-reading rooms or schools. Residents of the village The Seim residents also abandoned their church and in June 1931, at a general meeting, they decided to organize a club in it, sell part of the church property at auction, donate gold and silver items “for the defense of the country,” and furniture to the local school. On March 29, 1932, by the decision of the general meeting of residents of the village. Ola building of Epiphany Church. were taken away from believers, and church valuables were decided to be transferred to the State Bank. In Aug. 1932 The 1st Orochel Congress of Soviets of the North-Evensky district decided to organize the village in the chapel. Nayahan is the home of the native. Chapel in the village Arman, which was maintained by Even nomads, was closed no earlier than 1934.

After the closure of the Gizhiginskaya Spasskaya Church. the elderly priest who served in it. Nifont was forced to hide in remote villages, in which the Evens and Kamchadals helped him. According to some information, with the help of local residents who sheltered him, he performed religious services in the houses of believers. According to one source, Hierom. Nifont died in the village. Alachevo (now a tract) on the river. Nayakhan, according to others, died during a fire in his house in the village. Nayahan in 1940

K ser. 30s XX century on the territory of M. o. All churches and chapels were closed.

During the period of persecution of the Church, in the 30-50s. XX century, clergy and clergy, as well as lay believers, served imprisonment in the North-Eastern ITL system, including Bishop. Veniamin (Novitsky; later archbishop), theologian Archbishop. V. P. Vinogradov (later protopresbyter) and M. V. Gundyaev (later archpriest, father of Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Kirill). Later, some prisoners were glorified as new martyrs and confessors.

25 Dec In 1945, the Khabarovsk diocese was established, which included the territory of Moscow Oblast. 27 Dec In the same year, the Kamchatka and Peter and Paul departments were formally abolished. In the end 40s XX century Khabarovsk bishop Gabriel (Ogorodnikov; later archbishop) planned to tour the entire diocese, including visiting Magadan. However, this intention could not be realized, since in June 1949 he was released from the administration of the diocese.

Pokrovsky Women's Monastery in Magadan. Photo. 2015 Intercession Women's Monastery in Magadan. Photo. 2015 Despite the absence of churches and priests, atheistic propaganda and adm. pressure on believers, Orthodoxy is firmly rooted in the life of the Evens. traditions. Soviet historian and ethnographer U.G. Popova noted that in the 60s. XX century The Evens of the Taui coast preserved the Christmas tradition of mummers going home, and in the houses of some collective farmers, the Evens, icons were kept “in the front corner, under a tulle curtain.” While in the pre- and post-war years among Russians. The fashion spread among the old-timers to give their children foreign names; the Evens continued to name their children exclusively by the calendar. Representatives of the older generation of Gizhiga, Ola and Tauy Evens carefully preserved the icons. On Sundays they were placed in the east. parts of yurts. In other matters days and during the migration, icons were kept in covers made of rovduga (deerskin), on the front side of which it was customary to sew a cross made of red or blue fabric. Even nomadic Evens called icons “nengun” or “khevki” (shrines); during migrations they were transported on a deer specially designed for this purpose (“nenguruk” or “khevkiruk”). Orthodox The faith with elements of shamanism was preserved for a long time by representatives of the Rassokhin group of Even nomads. On traditional The Even calendar was greatly influenced by the Orthodox calendar; Even names of months contained the names of saints and names of church holidays. Nevertheless, in the resolution of the Magadan Regional Committee of the CPSU on strengthening atheistic education dated November 3. 1981 with satisfaction (TsKhSD Magadan region. F. 21. Op. 41. D. 218. L. 8). In the absence of the clergy, the faithful of M. o. To fulfill their needs, they visited churches in other regions of the country during vacations, and even communists and Komsomol members did this (TAOSOROA Magadan Region, D. 5. L. 81-90; TsKhSD Magadan Region, F. 21. Op. 41. D. 218. L. 2). Orthodox residents of M. o. participated in preparations for the celebrations dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Rus'. Festive events in Magadan included the organization of an exhibition of works of religion. art from the region's funds museum and from private collections of Magadan residents, holding a series of lectures dedicated to this anniversary, publishing materials from the region’s funds. archive on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church and its missionary activities among the indigenous population of the region.

K con. 80s XX century There was a small Orthodox church in Magadan. a community without a priest. Believers gathered in apartments to read the Holy Scripture. Scriptures and conversations. After the meeting on April 29. 1988, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee M. S. Gorbachev with Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Pimen, local authorities noted the activation of the initiative group to register the Magadan Orthodox parish (TAOSOROA Magadan Region, D. 5. L. 40). The first Magadan Intercession parish in the region was registered on February 22. 1989 Oct 23 the same year, priest became its rector. A. A. Sharov. Divine services were held in a private house rebuilt into a church (now on the territory of the Magadan convent in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos). Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs for M. o. stated that the registration of the Orthodox Church. community “tangibly influenced the religious situation in Magadan” (Ibid. L. 45). In Aug. In 1989, a competition was announced for the best design of a temple dedicated to the victims of political repression, and the collection of donations for its construction began. In the summer and autumn of the same year, believers of the Intercession parish traveled around most of the districts of Moscow Oblast, establishing contacts with Orthodox residents of the region. 28 Dec In 1989, a parish was registered in the village. Ust-Omchug, Tenkinsky district. Apr 20 1990 Khabarovsk bishop. Gabriel (Steblyuchenko; later archbishop) laid the foundation stone for the Magadan Holy Spiritual Church.

31 Jan In 1991, Magadan and Kamchatka were separated from the Khabarovsk diocese, which included the Moscow Oblast, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Kamchatka region. 23 Feb In 1993, the Petropavlovsk and Kamchatka diocese was separated from the Magadan diocese, and on July 19, 2000, the Anadyr and Chukotka diocese was separated.

Nature

Photos of the Magadan region are fascinating. The region is dominated by mountainous terrain. The harsh climate is due to the proximity of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. The largest peninsulas are:

• Pyangina.
• Horses.
• Tygonos.

The relief of the region is characterized by a combination of plateaus, ridges and coastal depressions.

33% of the entire territory is occupied by forests. These are mainly plants of the northern taiga type, deciduous sparse forests, where there is a lot of chosen and fragrant poplar, and rowan is found. Among the shrubs there is a lot of honeysuckle, needle rose and currant.

On the slopes in the southern part there are relict plants. In coastal areas there are fewer forests and rocky terrain predominates.

In the southwestern part of the region stretches the seismically dangerous Chersky belt. Earthquakes of magnitude 8 or higher are possible in this area.

Much of the region is covered with permafrost. On average, we are talking about 150-200 meters, and in some places the thickness of the layer reaches 400 m. On the coast, permafrost is represented by an intermittent strip.

There are 68 thousand rivers in the Magadan region. In total length they occupy 118.9 thousand km. Almost all of them are already covered with ice by the beginning of October, which disappears only by May. Most of the rivers are typical mountain rivers, with fast currents and rapids. The region is also famous for the number of lakes - there are about 25 thousand of them. This cold region of Russia is better provided with water resources than all others.

Natural conditions

The region is on the list of regions of the Far North, which in itself indicates harsh conditions. In the coastal zone, due to collisions of moist, relatively warm sea and cold continental air masses, weather disasters in the form of snow storms, drifts and other troubles can occur. On the mainland the weather is generally stable, with severe to extremely severe frosts in winter and fairly warm summers. The continental climate is clearly expressed. The frosts are about the same as in Yakutia.

Almost everywhere there is permafrost. The relief is mountainous, with a predominance of mid-altitude mountains. Earthquakes occur, with a force of up to 7-8 points.

Animal world

Despite the harsh climate, almost the entire area of ​​the Magadan region is inhabited by many representatives of the fauna. Here you can find deer, bighorn sheep, bears, moose, squirrels and sables.

There are several reserves in the region, 11 to be exact. In particular, musk oxen, which were brought from the Taimyr Peninsula, are bred in Solnechny. In Atkinskoye they protect and protect the bighorn sheep, while Malkachansky and Kavinsky are created for migratory birds.

The waters of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk are also rich in a variety of fish. Here, in their natural environment, coho salmon, chum and pink salmon live, and salmon spawn. In coastal waters there is a lot of pollock, scallops, shrimp, crabs, cod and sea urchins. It is in these waters that 9 species of cetacean marine representatives live. There are walruses and seals.

Resources

The Magadan region is a leader in the gold and silver mining industry. There are more than 1.2 thousand deposits in the region. Most of them are in the southwest of the region, near the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Kolyma River.

Silver deposits are located mainly in the center of the region. There is a lot of hard coal in the northwest, and brown coal near the capital.

Deposits of cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, antimony, copper and other rare metals have also been discovered in the region. There are a lot of sand-gravel mixtures, expanded clay, and limestone in these depths. It was even possible to discover natural gas and oil on the sea shelf itself.

Environmental protection

About 56% of the entire territory of the region has not been touched by human hands at all. Therefore, in general, the environmental situation in the region can be called favorable. However, about 13% of the area is in a crisis situation, we are talking about Magadan, the Prikamsky region, where economic development is being actively carried out. This is due to mining, which results in complex destruction of the earth’s surface, water and air being polluted.

The most dangerous and polluting industrial facilities include the Magadan Thermal Power Plant, power plants and gold mining enterprises. The situation is also unfavorable near populated areas: rivers are polluted by household waste, resulting in increased bacterial contamination. Recently, environmentalists have noted that the amount of nutrients in drinking water has been significantly reduced.

The region is characterized by an increased level of radiation; by the way, the region is considered the most unfavorable in this regard in all of Russia. A particularly dangerous situation has developed in the Tenkinsky and Srednekamsky regions. To a greater extent, this is due to the extraction of ores with a high content of toxic elements from the bowels of the earth.

Attractiveness of the region for tourists

Almost all 462,464 sq. km - the area of ​​the Magadan region - are a paradise for fishermen and hunters. One of the region’s attractions is the Kolyma River, which is 2,129 km long. There are many places for rafting and regular boat trips. Fishermen have a chance to catch the most unusual fish - from sockeye salmon to chum salmon.

People come here to hunt mountain sheep, bears, and deer. The potential in this regard is enormous: even annual quotas are not chosen.

There are many hot mineral springs in the area. The most popular resort is Talaya (Khasynsky district). This is a real balneological paradise, located in the cleanest part of the region at an altitude of 720 meters above sea level.

History buffs will also have plenty to do in the Magadan Territory. Here you can see real reindeer herders’ camps, communicate with real local aborigines (these are Koryaks and Evens), and hear many ancient legends.

And if you come to Magadan in July, you can visit the only “Golden Festival” in the entire country. The highlight of the festival is the "Prospector's Fortune" competition - a competition in soil panning to search for gold. The winner receives a prize of up to 1 million rubles.

There are several ski slopes in the region. However, they are more suitable for professionals, since the infrastructure is poorly developed. And of course, this is pristine nature, unique landscape and clean air.

Where the Magadan region is located is shown on the map below

Sources of the Magadan region: sacred and medicinal

It’s hard to believe, but the cold Magadan region is rich in hot springs, the waters of which have healing properties.

Motyklei springs

• Coordinates: 59.355083, 148.661667.

Thermal springs in the vicinity of the village of Balaganoe are the most popular balneological resort in the region. Based on location, springs are divided into three groups of different temperatures and degrees of mineralization:

• Pravo-Ulukansky,
• Levo-Ulukanskie,
• Middle-Ulukanskie.

The steam emanating from the hot water does not let you forget that dormant volcanoes are located nearby. In 1975, the springs were given the status of a natural monument.

Tavatum thermal springs

• Coordinates: 61.837954, 157.815479.

Thermal mineral springs near the Tavatum River are also in demand among tourists. The springs are divided into five groups, the temperature of the hottest exceeds 60°C, the temperature of the coolest is around 25°C.

The area near the springs is well-equipped, there is a children's camp, open-air swimming pools, a bathhouse, houses and a sports ground. Despite all the amenities, Tavatum springs are not as popular as some other resorts.

The reason for this is the inconvenient location and distance from populated areas. The springs flow in an amazingly beautiful valley, surrounded by low hills. In summer, the surrounding area is green with alder trees, and mushrooms and berries grow in abundance under the tree branches.

Shirokino springs

• Coordinates: 61.850290, 157.399388.

Hot springs near the river Broad is especially rich in various elements. In total, there are 38 water outlets with high mineralization. The temperature of the streams varies from 33 °C to 56 °C. Very rare plants grow near the water, such as hemp-leaved groundsel and ferruginous willowherb.

In 1975, the springs and the surrounding area were declared a natural monument. The springs are practically undeveloped, but people also come to them to improve their health with the help of medicinal baths.

Kongali Key

• Coordinates: 59.575521, 151.021106.

The narrow, unremarkable at first glance Kongali stream is one of the most interesting attractions of the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Travelers are drawn here not so much by the clear water of the spring, but by the opportunity to look at the stones lying near the stream.

The boulders have an unusual round shape, some compare them to dragon eggs. The path to the stream is not the shortest or easiest, but at the end of the hike tourists will be rewarded with curious creations of nature and spectacular landscapes.

Precautionary measures

However, you should be careful when traveling in the area. The route is quite difficult, in some places the road is steep, these places, especially in extremely low temperatures, are quite difficult to pass. Local residents additionally insulate their vehicles and even install a second windshield.

Besides frost, the second danger is bears. It is not uncommon for them to attack people. Therefore, you should not spend the night in abandoned settlements, especially without weapons. Walking into the forest without a guide is also not recommended. Some abandoned villages were built by prisoners; there are many adits and high radiation.

But in the summer there are no ticks in the region: due to the extremely low temperatures, these representatives of the fauna did not take root.

Gasoline in the Magadan region is expensive, and diesel fuel is even more expensive. This is due to the peculiarities of supply in the region. The further the settlement is from Magadan, the more expensive the fuel.

The Magadan region is the richest region of Russia with untouched lands. But the whole paradox is that people are fleeing from there. Today there is a real demographic catastrophe. This region was once a real currency forge of the entire country, but now it consists mainly of abandoned settlements.

Economics [edit]

The economy is centered on the mining of gold, silver and other non-ferrous metals. The city of Magadan is the only large industrial center. Agriculture in the region is poorly developed. In April 2014, the Russian government approved bills to extend the activities of the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in the Magadan Region until December 31, 2025 [18].

Mining[edit]

The Magadan region is considered one of the richest mining regions in the world. Gold is the region's main resource, although deposits of silver and tin are also being developed. The territory has about 2,000 placer gold deposits, 100 gold ore deposits and 48 silver ore deposits. [19]

Recently, there has been interest in developing coal resources in the region. There appear to be excellent opportunities for oil and natural gas production in the medium term.

Fishing [edit]

The fishing industry is the region's only food sector and the second most important after mining. The Sea of ​​Okhotsk's 600,000 square kilometers (230,000 sq mi) area, bordering the Magadan region, is one of the most productive regions of the world's oceans. The Magadan region has more than 15,900 kilometers (9,900 miles) of coastline and 29,016 kilometers (18,030 miles) of rivers of industrial importance. Fishing vessels of fishing companies in the region operate mainly in the economic zone of Russia, in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Bering Sea, and to some extent in the Sea of ​​Japan. Most of the catch comes from coastal waters. Fishing industry enterprises are concentrated in Magadan, Ola, Yamsk, and Evensk. The most important commercial fish are pollock, herring, cod, navaga (a member of the cod family), flounder and various types of salmon. Crab, squid, shrimp and puppies are also caught. [19]

Agriculture[edit]

Due to the harsh climate, agriculture is the least developed sector of the economy of the Magadan region; as a result, 50% of all food must be supplied externally. The agro-industrial complex consists of enterprises producing agricultural products, food and processing industries, production infrastructure and farms. Specific areas of specialization are reindeer husbandry, fur farming and traditional hunting, fishing and fur capturing activities. Companies involved in food processing and production include Gormolzavod, Distillery, Pasta Factory, Sausage Factory, Dukcha Poultry Factory, and Khasynsky State Farm. [19]