Ufa is a trade center of the Republic of Bashkortostan and a logistics hub; goods are exported to Russian regions through a large system. Many official scientific organizations and cultural centers are concentrated here. The city of Ufa is located on the banks of the wide Belaya River at the intersection of its confluence with the Dema reservoir. On the Western side it has adjacent territory with Tatarstan. The city is the administrative center and is one of the five largest metropolitan areas in the country.
During the civil war in 1918-1919, Ufa switched several times from the Red to the White army. Soviet power was finally established in the city on the morning of June 1919. In 1922, with the formation of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, it became the capital. During the Great Patriotic War, the equipment of many industrial enterprises was evacuated to the populated area from the western regions of the USSR.
General information
To the question “Ufa – which region of Russia?” The answer is often wrong. Often the region is named after the name of the main city. But “Ufa region” today is an outdated concept. It was abolished back in 1953. At the same time, the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed. Therefore, the question itself about which area is incorrect. The city of Ufa is the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
The Ural metropolis is one of the largest populated areas in the country. Ufa on the map of Russia is located in the Urals and ranks eleventh in terms of the number of inhabitants. As of January 1, 2015, the number exceeded one million one hundred thousand people. Another three hundred thousand people live in the Ufa agglomeration.
Ufa occupies a prominent place on the map of Russia. This is a major center of almost any industry - economic, sports, scientific, transport.
The city is divided into seven administrative districts.
The settlement was founded in 1574.
The total area is almost 708 square kilometers.
The population density is 1562 people per square kilometer.
Fifth time zone Greenwich Mean Time. Regarding Moscow, the difference is plus two hours.
Telephone code: +7 347.
Postal code: 450000 – 450 999.
Vehicle code: 02, 102.
There are more than eighty branches of large banks, as well as representatives of brokerage companies.
Famous Ufa residents
Many names of outstanding people of Ufa are on everyone’s lips. Fyodor Chaliapin, Yuri Shevchuk and Zemfira, Zagir Ismailov, Sergei Dovlatov and Arkady Bukhov, Rima Batalova and Igor Kravchuk, Evelina Khromchenko and Andrey Gubin were born or lived here. Singers, composers, writers, athletes, scientists and politicians - Ufa is rich in talent.
- Fyodor Chaliapin cannot be called a native of Ufa. He was born in Kazan in 1873. But it was here that his singing talent blossomed. The concert hall of the State Academy of Arts was named in his honor, and a monument was erected. Since 1991, many talented performers have come to the Shalyapin Evenings festival.
- Zagir Ismagilov (1916 – 2003) glorified his native land with his gift as a composer. During his life he wrote about 300 songs and operas.
- The name of Sergei Dovlatov (born in 1941) is known to literary scholars and readers. The famous writer and journalist published in Russian. His works were translated into European and Japanese languages.
- Rima Batalova (born 1961) is an outstanding cross-country athlete. Multiple champion of the world, Europe, Russia and Bashkortostan. She occupies a worthy place in the Guinness Book of Records and has been awarded honorary medals, orders and titles.
- Zemfira Ramazanova (born in 1976) is remembered not only by the streets of Ufa and concert halls, but also by many admirers of her talent. Author and performer of his own songs in the pop-rock genre.
Geographical information
The city is located in the interfluve of the Belaya River and its tributary, the Ufa.
The length of the settlement is fifty-four kilometers, the width is thirty.
The climate is temperate continental.
The minimum recorded temperature is minus forty-nine degrees, the maximum is plus thirty-nine. Average – plus four.
The distance to the capital of the Russian Federation along a direct road is one thousand three hundred and forty kilometers.
Interesting buildings
In modern Ufa, many architectural monuments have been preserved. Among modern buildings there are also objects with interesting designs. For example, the Pension Fund is located in an ultra-fashionable high-tech building. The silver facade and abundance of glass panels are direct proof of this.
An example of modern architecture that decorates the appearance of the city is the building of the entertainment complex “Lights of Ufa”. Drawing a parallel with ancient architecture, a special contrast and influence of the era is noticed.
The elegant building from 1907 is well preserved. Now this building houses the Bashkir Customs, although the reputation of this institution is somewhat tarnished. Rumors persist throughout the city that in the old days it was a haven for girls of easy virtue.
The Main Post Office building is located in the center of Ufa. It was erected back in 1935. Strict classicism and correct forms seem a little boring, but still arouse interest.
Historical information
Based on the information from ancient maps, already in the fourteenth century it was possible to find the object “city of Ufa”. What area can boast such a long history? Of course, at that time the name was different. According to historians - Pascherti or Bashkort.
The official calendar begins in 1574, after the construction of the fortress. Within two years, the settlement received the status of a city, as well as an administrative center.
Later, in the seventeenth century, the city received a coat of arms. It depicts a running marten.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, a general plan for the city was approved.
The city of Ufa is a large national economic object. It is difficult to say which area of industry is not represented here. Thanks to the proximity of mineral deposits and natural resources, the leather, ship repair, sawmill, bakery, meat, and silicate industries actively developed here.
The strongest impetus for development was the development of shipping in Ufa. What area of transport has developed as much? Of course, the railway. The opening of the Samara-Zlatoust section of the rail tracks took place in 1892. New logistics opportunities contributed to the development of trade in Ufa. What region of the Russian Empire was in such favorable conditions? There were very few of them.
The revolutionary events of the early twentieth century did not bypass the large industrial center - the city of Ufa. What area still stores information about the rapid transfer of power in a short period of time? In less than a year, from September 1918 to June 1919, Ufa fell into the hands of Cossack troops, self-government, Kolchak, and was finally recaptured by the Red Army.
The city played an important role during the Great Patriotic War. Many factories were evacuated here (according to official data - about forty). Some of them were merged with existing ones, but most started working independently. Many organizations, research institutes, and design bureaus were also evacuated.
In 1944, the Stalinsky district of the city received the status of a city - Chernikovsk. However, twelve years later this transformation was canceled.
In May 1952, an experiment was carried out on regional division within the Bashkir autonomy - the Ufa region was formed. But a year later the project was canceled.
Climate in Ufa
The territory of Bashkiria is characterized by long winters, when the air temperature drops to -10, -15°C, and warm summers with average temperatures of + 15, +20 °C. The climate is humid, continental. An average of 600 mm of precipitation falls here annually.
In summer, warm Atlantic air currents dominate over Ufa. They warm up the air. The maximum temperature of the warmest month was reached in 1952 and was +38.6 °C. Although this is rare, the average temperature in July is +20+30 °C. Summer lasts 90-100 days, in mountainous areas - 60 days. In summer, the rains become torrential in nature. In the vicinity of squally winds, gusts of which reach 30 m/s, stronger thunderstorms are formed.
In winter, the influence of an anticyclone from Asia is felt in Bashkiria. In January, temperatures drop to 20-30 °C. The average for the coldest month is -16-18°C. The minimum temperature was recorded at -48 °C. Cooling is usually observed already at the end of October. Snow falls and remains until mid-April. In March its layer is the highest. In recent years, the area has become characterized by abnormally warm winters. Ecologists became interested in this phenomenon.
Spring and autumn are short. Usually there is an alternation of warm days with frosts. In spring they can be observed until the beginning of June; in autumn, the first frosts occur in mid-September.
Modern industry
After the war, a decision was made to expand the production of light petroleum products, and therefore two more oil refineries were built.
Today there are about two hundred large enterprises operating in Ufa.
In addition to the extraction and transportation of oil industry products, the mechanical engineering and chemical industries have received strong development.
Diesel locomotive repair and cable plants, machine and instrument-making enterprises, a non-ferrous metals plant, and the production of communication and metrology equipment are operating successfully.
The city produces lighting devices, lamps, and transformers.
The construction industry and the production of reinforced concrete products are developed in a city like Ufa. What other area can afford as many as four enterprises of this type? Consumers are offered a wide range of different designs.
The city has a developed production of metal products, building materials, bricks, and tiles.
Powerful woodworking industry - production of plywood, fiberboard, chipboard, matches, polystyrene foam.
The food industry is represented by the production of bakery, canned meat products, alcohol-containing and non-alcoholic drinks: kvass, lemonade, water.
Light industry – production of textile, knitwear and other clothing products.
The pharmaceutical industry is developed: plastic products for the rehabilitation of people with disabilities, vitamins and medicines are produced here.
Ecology of Ufa
The state of the city's environmental performance has been causing concern for several decades. The developed industrial segment pollutes the air, soil, water every day and has a negative impact on the health of both people and animals. In the environmental rating of 2012, the republic took 61st place. For comparison, at the same time, in terms of economic indicators, it is in 14th place.
According to statistics, there is an acute problem with the processing of solid waste. Moreover, from 140 to 200 tons of waste are stored in the city area per year, and about 300 more are transported to the local landfill. Environmentalists and the public have repeatedly discussed with local authorities the need for a city plant that would process waste. The processed raw materials would be suitable for industrial use, thus the plant's activities would be self-sustaining or even profitable. However, there is no movement in this direction yet.
Water resources are heavily polluted. This applies to all local bodies of water, including rivers. No improvements have been observed yet.
The air masses are filled daily with products from the oil refining and chemical industries. According to the chief ecologist, the smell and concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons from the production of factories are an integral part of the atmosphere. This phenomenon can be compared with a bouquet of chemical aromas in the city of Salavat. Smog often accumulates over the city; in some areas its concentration exceeds the norm several times.
Citizens are forced to suffocate and react with the appearance of new allergies. And only a strong wind significantly reduces smoke, filling the air with freshness.
Based on the results of a survey of citizens, the information department of the mayor’s office on the environmental situation in Ufa published the following data:
- Air comes first in terms of pollution levels;
- further in the ranking is the state of water in rivers;
- in third place was the increase in the number of vehicles in the city (concerns are caused by noise levels and the amount of exhaust gases);
- in last place is a large amount of solid household waste.
Among the problems, more mundane ones are also voiced. For example, summer residents often find spontaneous garbage dumps in forest belts.
The situation is especially critical in coastal flat areas. After all, after rain, various chemicals flow into the river stream, and they also saturate the top layer of soil. The administration, as a rule, takes measures in such cases, but it happens that the damage caused to nature cannot be corrected.
Attractions
Residents and guests of the city can visit a variety of architectural monuments. There are a large number of memorials, busts of outstanding figures, and sculptural compositions.
The city has a large number of fountains, recreation areas, parks, cathedrals, temples, mosques, theaters, and libraries. You can also visit cinemas, museums, galleries, football, volleyball, hockey, basketball sports events, and ice complexes.
Construction
As of 2014, 28% of the total area of Ufa was allocated for development - 20 thousand hectares. The average height of buildings is only three floors. According to statistical estimates, each resident has 21 m2. The volume of the city's entire housing stock is almost 24 million m2. However, the demand for housing is not falling. Therefore, the pace of construction is not slowing down: according to the results of 2013, almost 820 thousand m2 of residential space were commissioned, according to the results of 2014 - 880 thousand m2. The administration plans to increase this figure to one million in 2021.
Active construction work continues in the city. In addition to improving the quality and area of the roadway, attention is paid to the construction of social institutions and housing. In 2014 alone, 29 preschool institutions were provided with a capacity for more than 4 thousand children.
The clinical was able to open in 2014 at the maternity hospital. The construction of sports facilities continues, 15 of them were put into operation over the past year. In the cultural sector, two club institutions were added, and 4 new centers appeared in the entertainment sector. A significant event was the completion of the construction of the largest Ferris wheel in Russia, operating all year round. Its height was 48 m.
Infrastructure development
Key points characteristic of Ufa infrastructure:
- modernized Ufa airport, from where you can fly to anywhere in the world;
- large railway station;
- annual increase in utility prices;
- 55 high-level medical and preventive institutions;
- there is a big problem with roads, for example, in courtyards they are practically not repaired, but the authorities are gradually solving the problem;
- many kilometers of traffic jams;
- more than 150 secondary schools;
- about 200 kindergartens;
- constant queues at kindergartens and schools.
What to look for when deciding to move?
Moving always involves a comprehensive collection of information about your future place of residence, a detailed analysis of all the parameters that will affect your life. We suggest reducing the time spent searching for the necessary data about the city by reading the information collected for you.
Key points to consider if you are planning to move:
- How suitable are the climatic and environmental conditions of the new location for you?
- Who will surround you - the contingent of the place where you are going to move.
- Are housing prices in the region acceptable to you?
- How well developed is the infrastructure?
- Opportunity to work and earn decent money.
- Spending leisure time according to your preferences.
