Map of Novoshakhtinsk in detail with streets, houses and districts

Novoshakhtinsk
, a city of regional subordination of the Rostov region of Russia, the administrative center of the Novoshakhtinsky urban district, within the Novoshakhtinsky deanery of the Shakhty and Miller diocese. Located on the Maly Nesvetay River, practically on the border with the Lugansk region of Ukraine, at the south-eastern spurs of the Donetsk Ridge, near the railway. Mikhailovo-Leontievskaya station, 100 km north of Rostov-on-Don. Population 109 thousand (2016)

• On the map: Yandex.Map, Google map

The history of the city of Novoshakhtinsk is closely intertwined with the history of the development of the Russian coal mining industry.
In fulfillment of the decree of Tsar Peter I of 1696 “to search, dig, smelt, cook and clean all kinds of metals,” a peasant from the Kostroma district, clerk Grigory Kapustin, exploring the area south of Voronezh, in the valley of the Kundryuchya River, came across layers of coal coming to the surface land (it is in the center of this area that the city of Novoshakhtinsk is located), as a result of which the development of coal in the Donetsk basin began. By the middle of the 19th century, small coal mines were established in the feather grass steppe on the banks of the once full-flowing Nesvetai River.

The settlement arose at the beginning of the century as a working settlement near a mine. Entrepreneur Kondrat Ivanovich Goncharov built and put into operation the first mine in the area of ​​​​the village of Sambek in 1909. Built under the supervision of academician A.A. Skochinsky's 242-fathom Elpidifor mine at the Paramonov mines was considered the deepest in Russia, and in terms of technical level it could be equated to the best mines in England and Germany. In 1916, according to the design of engineer A.A. Skochinsky, a mine with a metal headframe was laid, the most powerful coal mine in Russia, called the “Skochinsky tunnel” (later the OGPU mine, named after Lenin). As the coal industry developed, the Nesvetai – Gornaya railway line was built on the territory of the present city, and the following villages arose: Sokolovo-Kundryuchensky, Sambek, Bugultai. The association of which was named the Nesvetay mine.

After the October Revolution, now at the “III International” mine, intensive construction continued and coal mining enterprises were put into operation on the territory of the future city: the mine named after. OGPU, 141, 142; mine named after Kirov; mine No. 7; mine No. 5 (“Nesvetaevskaya”); Zapadnaya-Kapitalnaya mine. As the industry developed, the OGPU mine was recognized as the largest mine in the Soviet Union.

In Soviet times, the village began to be called Kominternovsky

(aka Comintern, named after the Third International).

On January 21, 1929, Kominternovsky became an urban-type working settlement.

Construction of the city of Kominternovsk

began with the approval of projects for the laying of mines No. 5 (Nesvetaevskaya), No. 7 (Kominternovskaya), No. 8 (Zapadnaya-Kapitalnaya) and with the construction of the largest central processing facility in the Soviet Union, Nesvetay. The construction of the city was carried out at a rapid pace: new roads were laid, new mines were put into operation, housing and cultural institutions were built.

On January 31, 1939, the village of Kominternovsky was merged with the village of Molotovsky (named after V.M. Molotov) and transformed into a city, which was given the name Novoshakhtinsk

. The new city specialized primarily in coal mining and maintenance of mining production.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, the city was occupied by Nazi troops for 206 days - from July 21, 1942 to February 13, 1943. Over five thousand residents of the city and surrounding villages were shot. As a result of the occupation, the mine workings were flooded with water, the mines were in a dilapidated state. Plants and factories were destroyed.

The city was liberated on February 13, 1943 by troops of the Southern Front during the Rostov operation.

In the first post-war years, the city significantly expanded its borders. New mines and factories appeared. The central processing plant "Nesvetay" and the group sorting plant "Yuzhnaya" rose from the ruins and began producing products. A garment factory, bread and dairy factories came into operation, and central mechanical workshops began operating.

In 1956, the first coal was produced by a new generation mine named after the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda, and in 1963 by the Sokolovskaya mine. Along with them, a large village appeared on the map - Novaya Sokolovka.

In 1952, Novoshakhtinsk was crossed by the Moscow-Kharkov federal highway.

In 1954, a seven-year music school was opened. In 1956, an evening mining technical school was created, and in 1957, a sports youth school. In 1972, the city's local history museum and employment and information office were opened.

In the 1950s and 60s, the city experienced rapid construction of residential and public buildings. The buildings of the City Party Committee, the city library, the House of Sports, the House of Pioneers, three cinemas, five outpatient clinics, three children's clinics, two stadiums, a music school, and then an art school were built. In the 1960s, a garment factory, a nonwoven materials factory, brick and building materials factories, a House of Communications, a Wedding House, and the Zarya Hotel were built.

One of the oldest educational institutions in the city is the Novoshakhtinsky Mining Evening College (Novoshakhtinsky branch of the state educational institution of secondary vocational education of the Shakhty Regional College of Fuel and Energy named after Academician Stepanov P.I.), which was created in May 1965.

In the 1970-80s, a children's city hospital, a surgical complex, a neurological department, village hospitals (the villages of Sokolovo - Kundryuchensky, Sambek) and other medical institutions were built.

At the end of the 1990s, all the mines in the city were closed, and all the city's cinemas ceased operations.

In 2003, as a result of the restructuring of the coal industry carried out in the country, as well as the largest man-made accident in the industry at the Zapadnaya mine, the last operating coal mining enterprises in the city were closed.
Currently, the light and food industries, the construction industry, metal and woodworking are developing in the city of Novoshakhtinsk, and the retail network is expanding.

Statistics

• 1926 - 7 thousand people.
• 1931 - 32.6 thousand people.
• 1939 - 48 thousand people.
• 1959 - 103.6 thousand people.
• 1962 - 108 thousand people.
• 1967 - 107 thousand people.
• 1970 - 102 thousand people.
• 1982 - 106 thousand people.
• 1992 - 107.1 thousand people.
• 2000 - 101.9 thousand people.
• 2010 - 113.4 thousand people.
• 2016 - 109 thousand people.

General information and history of the city

Like many cities in this region, Novoshakhtinsk owes its appearance to the coal deposits of Eastern Donbass.
The spontaneously emerging settlements of coal miners were united in 1910 into the village of Nesvetai. In 1913, entrepreneur Nikolai Paramonov, from the Rostov merchant dynasty, appeared in the settlement and breathed new life into the village. He builds 5 large mines, builds a railway, and arranges housing. The village is growing and developing, the village of Kominternovsky was merged with the village of Molotovsky, and named Novoshakhtinsky.

After the war, new industrial enterprises based on the use of mined coal were actively built in the city. The majority of the working population is employed in coal mining; the work of a miner was held in high esteem and was paid very well.

Novoshakhtinsk

Novoshakhtinsk was the first city in the region where all mines were closed in post-Soviet times. Despite the fact that Rostov coal is the best in Russia in terms of calorific value, the enterprises were declared unprofitable and were subject to liquidation. Power plants in the country switched to gas, machine-building enterprises to petroleum products, and enterprising owners of coal mines, in exchange for compensation for mothballing the mines, declared them unprofitable and closed them.

Needless to say, in the dashing nineties no measures were taken to properly liquidate the mines. At most they were filled with water, or even simply left abandoned.

The decline also affected Novoshakhtinsk. The once thriving monotown was forced to close its dairy plant, defense enterprises, and cinemas. Currently, the state is trying to breathe new life into the region by opening new industrial enterprises and creating new jobs.

Climate and ecology of Novoshakhtinsk

Novoshakhtinsk is a steppe city, so winds often rage on the streets, bringing dust in the fall and ice in the winter. The climate in the city is temperate continental, Azov-Don steppe. There are sharp temperature changes across the seasons, the hottest month is July +22, +24 C, the coldest month is January - 7, - 8 C. Winter is mild, almost snowless.

According to the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation for 2011, Novoshakhtinsk was among the ten most environmentally friendly cities in the country. This is not surprising - waste heaps from mines (artificial dumps of rock and soil accompanying coal mining) have long ceased to smoke or generate dust; most of them are overgrown with grass and bushes.

Old waste heaps

On the border of the city there is a large drinking reservoir with clean water. Due to the absence of a large number of industrial enterprises, almost no harmful gases and substances are emitted into the city's atmosphere. The pollution from transport traffic is also very low.

Although in the center everything is as always in the heart of any city: transport, dust, and gas pollution.

Novoshakhtinsk on the map of Russia, geography, nature and climate

The geographical location is clearly visible on the map of Novoshakhtinsk from a satellite. The city is located near the border of the state of Ukraine on a hill (200-250 m above sea level), covered with mixed-grass feather grass steppes.

The temperate continental climate zone is characterized by large temperature fluctuations in different seasons of the year. In the summer months the city is dry and hot. In winter it is not cold, there is little snow. The average temperature for the year ranges from 7.4 to 23.1 °. The coldest month of the year is January. Eastern winds dominate in the city.

Population of Novoshakhtinsk

A sharp outflow of population was observed in the 90s of the last century, when every tenth resident, driven by unemployment, was forced to leave the city in search of a better place. Now there is a reverse trend - more and more specialists are coming to the city. According to statistics, at the beginning of 2014, 109.5 thousand people live in Novoshakhtinsk.

Youth Day in the city

The population growth is explained by the low housing prices in the city. Many people who come to work in Shakhty or Krasny Sulin prefer to buy themselves an individual house in the quiet private sector of Novoshakhtinsk and work in another city.

As a remnant of past difficult times, the city has a significant number of alcohol and drug addicts. Many who have not found a place for themselves in this new economic situation and are forced to accept any job openly criticize their hometown and are rude to others. However, there are still more kind and sympathetic people in Novoshakhtinsk; they will definitely come to the rescue at the right time.

Main Streets of Novoshakhtinsk

The city occupies an area of ​​138 km², divided into 651 streets, alleys, and squares. It is home to 110 thousand people. Among the city's highways, Tsentralnaya and Gornyatskaya streets are considered important. Michurin, Kirov, Engels, Soviet, Constitution, etc. Many are decorated with sculptures of heroes of the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Interesting monuments (the GAZ car, Lenin, Doctor Aibolit).

The sculpture “Miner's Glory” rises on Labor Square.

The city hospital is located on the street. Enlightenment. A map of Novoshakhtinsk with streets will help in finding each of them.

Districts and real estate of Novoshakhtinsk

The city was formed on the site of mining settlements, growing, it included villages near the mines, so it turned out to be completely uncompact, and occupying a considerable area. In total, the city currently occupies 138 km² of area. Over the past 10 years, the remote villages of Krasny, Sokolovo - Kundryuchensky and Sambek have been included in Novoshakhtinsk.

Map of Novoshakhtinsk

The easiest way to get into the city is from the M19 federal highway. On the left side of the car there will be Kirovka, Yuzhny, Center, Gorky and Antipovka. If you turn off the main road and drive along the street. Radio, which gave the name to this area of ​​the city, you can get to the Nesvetaevsky district, the villages of Krasny and Sambek. Further along the main road are the Zapadny microdistrict, Sokolovka, and the villages of Sokolovo - Kundryuchensky and Yubileiny.

Almost all administrative and economic entities of the city are located on the central streets - Sadovaya and Lenin Avenue. Processions and folk festivals take place here on holidays. The cost of a one-room apartment in such an area is, of course, the highest in the city, from 1 million rubles. The advantages of such accommodation are high transport mobility. Disadvantage: gas pollution and dirt.

Center

The Yuzhny and Kirovka districts at the entrance to the city mainly consist of the private sector, but you can also find an apartment in a multi-storey building (one-room apartment priced from 700 thousand rubles).

There are a significant number of comfortable high-rise buildings on Radio Street; prices for one-room apartments start from 600 thousand rubles.

Street Radio

Real estate prices in the areas of Gorky, Antipovka and Nesvetaevsky, Zapadny, Novaya Sokolovka are in approximately the same range - 700-900 thousand rubles. In all these areas there is one problem - high tariffs for utilities, gasification is carried out only in multi-storey buildings (and in some not even that), constant water cuts.

Nesvetaevsky village

It is, of course, possible to buy housing in remote towns of the city cheaper. In the village Sambek, about 8 km from the city border, is home to 5 thousand people. Here you can buy a house (from 800 thousand rubles) or an apartment with a minimum area from 500 thousand rubles. Even closer to the city is the village. Red, only 3 km to the city. Real estate here is 10-20% more expensive than in Sambek.

The ten thousand-person village of Sokolovo - Kundryuchensky, located on the shore of the clean reservoir of the same name, as well as the Novaya Sokolovka district, are the most environmentally friendly places in the city. Housing prices here range from 600-700 thousand rubles. for a one-room apartment, and 800-1,000 thousand rubles. for a small house.

Winter Sokolovka

Routes on the map of Novoshakhtinsk, transport links

The city is located 80 km from the regional center, 1033 km from Moscow, 429 km from Volgograd, 347 km from Krasnodar. Not very long distances separate it from many industrial places (Gukovo, Shakhty, Krasny Sulin, Zverevo). Convenient transport links are determined by the close location of important Russian highways (“Rostov-Kyiv”, “Moscow-Baku”). The city has the largest southern vehicle checkpoint, which has international status. Cargo coming to Russia from European countries and Turkey passes through it. The city's transport network includes the roads of the Rostov region "Novoshakhtinsk-Gukovo", "Novoshakhtinsk-Rodionovo-Nesvetaiskaya-Rostov".

A separate railway line from Novoshakhtinsk connects it with the Rostov-Moscow direction. The distance to Rostov-on-Don airport is 83 km, the seaports of Azov 130 km, Taganrog 155 km. The length of paved roads is 269 km.

City infrastructure

Given the low cost of housing in the city, prices for utilities are unreasonably inflated (on the verge of excessive profits), in particular for the supply of cold water. There have already been several cases when proactive citizens, having collected the necessary package of documents, sought the return of most of the utility bills. With this approach, maintaining your own farm (garden and vegetable garden) becomes very unprofitable. Local residents save themselves by drilling boreholes and digging wells, but not in all places in the city it is possible to get to water. When choosing an individual house, you should also consider whether there was a mining operation underneath it. In this case, not only will there be no water on the site, but the house may also settle.

Transport runs from the center to districts and villages strictly on schedule. There are 15 minibus routes and 17 bus routes operating around the city.

There is one hospital and one clinic fully functioning in the entire city, and those who are sick (if possible) try to go to Shakhty or Rostov for treatment.

Local residents also go to the surrounding towns to have fun and relax after a hard day at work: a big problem in Novoshakhtinsk is the lack of places for leisure activities. Nevertheless, the drama theater and cinema operate successfully, and the city has its own TeleRadio.

The city has 30 kindergartens, 20 schools, 3 sports schools, several development centers, art and music schools. The city is home to branches of the Southern Federal and Southern Russian Technical Universities. City residents do not have any particular problems when enrolling in all of the listed educational institutions.

Bicycle traffic is very developed in Novoshakhtinsk. Adult office and industrial workers in the summer prefer to get to work by bicycle, gather for competitions and rides, forming their own closed “family.”

Enterprises and work in Novoshakhtinsk

After the total closure of the mines, the state did not offer decent jobs to former miners.

The city has budgetary municipal organizations (education, medicine, culture, transport) and several industrial enterprises:

• EMS LLC, production of furniture for schools and preschool institutions, dormitories, production of metal structures;
• OJSC "U-Met", an enterprise founded in 1999, is engaged in the production of building metal structures. The company requires highly qualified workers in working specialties.
• OJSC "Novoshakhtinsky Mechanical Plant" - converted from a defense plant, main directions: production of products for industrial and technical purposes.

The largest enterprises in Novoshakhtinsk are Gloria-Jeans and the Novoshakhtinsky Petroleum Products Plant.

Currently, almost every city in Russia has branded stores of the Gloria-Jeans network of denim and knitted clothing, shoes and accessories; production is located in a dozen cities. And the first plant was opened back in 1988 in Novoshakhtinsk. The company still operates here and has a high staff turnover.

Gloria jeans

The Novoshakhtinsky Oil Products Plant is the youngest industrial enterprise in the city. It is located on an area of ​​300 hectares, employing more than 1,500 people, producing high quality diesel fuel and fuel oil. It was opened only three years ago, so workers and engineers are constantly needed there. The wages of workers are very high (relative to the average in this region), but to obtain it you need to have a fairly high qualification.

Novoshakhtinsky Petroleum Products Plant

The customs office on the border with the Lugansk region of Ukraine operates stably, ensuring the legal import and export of goods into the territory of the Russian Federation.

The construction industry is not standing still either. Over the past year, more than a hundred new houses have been commissioned in the city.

New buildings in the city

Yet existing enterprises do not provide the city with the required number of jobs. Every third or fourth able-bodied city dweller prefers to travel to work in the city of Shakhty (25 km) or Krasny Sulin (22 km), where many industrial enterprises have recently been built.

There is another category of residents who chose to open their own business. The city even has its own local sayings. For example: “If in Novoshakhtinsk it’s easier not to find a workplace, but to organize one for yourself.” The share of small businesses in the city's economy is significant.

Novoshakhtinsk

The first coal of the Donetsk coal basin

The history of Novoshakhtinsk is closely connected with the development of the Russian coal mining industry.
It is believed that local coal was first mentioned in 1696, this was the first mention of coal in Russia, and it is associated with the name of Peter I, who saw coal in the area where the city of Shakhty is located today, southeast of modern Novoshakhtinsk. There is a legend that during the Azov campaign of Peter I, the Don Cossacks brought the sovereign pieces of black stone that they found in the steppe. The stones thrown into the fire flared up hot. Peter at the same time about , and then ordered: “Look for ores and various useful stones
.

At the end of 1721, a native of the village of Danilovsky, Kostroma district, clerk and ore explorer Grigory Grigorievich Kapustin, while exploring the valley of the Kundryuchya River, discovered layers of coal coming to the surface (this is where Novoshakhtinsk is located). Coal samples were delivered to the Berg College. Kapustin's discovery marked the beginning of geological exploration and development of coal in the Donetsk coal basin. Since 1722, expeditions have been organized to explore coal deposits. After the death of the emperor in 1725, exploration of the Donetsk mineral resources was stopped. But G. Kapustin’s discovery was of great importance for the further development of the Russian state.

The next news about Donetsk coal appeared already in 1790. Cossack Dvuhzhenov brought it on carts to Taganrog for heating houses and local forges. Dvuzhenov mined coal on the Grushevka River, developing a seam that reached the surface.

Mining settlements on Nesvetay in the 19th century

Already in the middle of the 19th century, the feather grass steppe on the banks of the deep Bolshoy Nesvetai River became the site of small coal mines. The first builder of coal mines in these places in 1817 was the merchant of the 1st guild Semyon Nikolaevich Koshkin; over time, he had dozens of both active and unfinished mines at his disposal. The first mines on Bolshoi Nesvetai were founded by royal decree in 1863, and separate villages began to form around them. History has preserved the names of the entrepreneurs of those years: Doroganov, Epifanov, Paramonov, Goncharov, who became the founders of the future city, laying the most modern and powerful mines at that time. All mines produced up to 5 million pounds of coal per year.

Along with the construction of mines, settlements around them developed, the first villages appeared: Sambek (1883), Bugultai (1905). In 1909, the first mine was put into operation in the area of ​​​​the village of Sambek, built by entrepreneur Kondrat Ivanovich Goncharov. The coal seam discovered by Goncharov’s workers was called “Goncharovsky” and was developed by the Sambekovskaya mine. All work in the mines was carried out manually. There were many “newcomers” here - from Kursk, Oryol, Voronezh and other provinces. The miners united in artels and worked more than 12 hours a day. They lived in dugouts located around these small mines (shafts). Since then, the name of the village Shakhtenki has been preserved, which reflects the features of that time. The name of the entire mine was given in 1910 by the builders - “Nesvetay”.

Nesvetay at the beginning of the 20th century

A huge contribution to the development of the coal industry and the future city of Novoshakhtinsk was made by Rostov millionaire entrepreneur Nikolai Elpidiforovich Paramonov, who was nicknamed “the king of bread and coal.” He was attracted by anthracite mining. Having bought a large plot of land, he built mines on it, which were the most modern in the coal industry at that time. The barracks built by Paramonov for the miners were located on the site where the education department building is located today. The Elpidifor mine, 500 meters deep (founded in 1907, put into operation in 1911), built at the mines of N. E. Paramonov under the supervision of a mining engineer, future academician Alexander Alexandrovich Skochinsky, was considered not only the deepest, but and the best mine in terms of safety and equipment in Russia, its technical level could be equal to the best mines in Germany and England.

In 1916, according to the project of A. Skochinsky, a mine with a metal headframe was laid - the most powerful coal mine in Russia, called the “Skochinsky tunnel”, later renamed the Lenin mine. At that time, it was the first mine in the country equipped with a metal piledriver. The main advantage of the mines of the future city of Novoshakhtinsk was the extraction of anthracite, which is considered the best fuel due to its long combustion and high heat transfer.

With funds from Nikolai Paramonov, a railway, barracks for workers, an outpatient clinic, and a school were built. The first quarter of the twentieth century was a time of acute social confrontation and upheaval in Russia: increased frequency of strikes, the First World War, followed by the October Revolution and the Civil War. However, in these difficult conditions, the pace of development of the coal industry on the Don remained high.

New production required workers. Mine builders, miners and their families had to be resettled somewhere. In 1913–1916 45 barracks houses were erected on Nesvetai. The outskirts then were the territory where the editorial office of the newspaper “Shakhtyora Banner” is now located. Here, away from the mines, dust and dirt, was the place of residence of the engineering and technical personnel: the chief engineer Kalinin occupied the house where the communications department No. 18 is now located, the mine manager lived in the house where the dermatovenerological dispensary is now located. On the site where Children's Sports School No. 2 is located today, there was a parochial school.

In 1916, a railway line was built from Nesvetaya to Gornaya station. The new station (31st verst) was named “Mikhailo-Leontievskaya” - in honor of Mikhail Vasilyevich Leontiev, an employee who took an active part in many entrepreneurial affairs of the Paramonov family.

By the beginning of 1917, Nesvetai had an outpatient clinic (with a doctor and a paramedic), a parochial school, and a trading store. The center of cultural education at that time was the people's house on Sadovaya Street (later the Ilyich Club, and today this building is occupied by the MFC). During this period, N. E. Paramonov, according to the design and estimate documentation provided, built a school and 5 barracks at mine No. 2, a barracks and warehouse at Skochinsky mine, 10 barracks at mine No. 4, and 10 barracks at Mikhailo-Leontievskaya station. 5 barracks.

Unlight after the revolution

After the February Revolution, on March 4, 1917, a rally took place near the church on the square. The Menshevik Kalnin, manager of the Paramonov mines, spoke at its opening. He talked about new power and freedoms. The next to speak was the Social Revolutionary, the mining master Kornilovich. On March 10, the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies was elected in Nesvetai, which became Socialist-Revolutionary-Menshevik in composition. It included Kornilovich, Kalnin and three workers: N. P. Mashchenko (miner), V. I. Malyutin (car driver), I. Z. Savchenko (blacksmith).

In the 2nd half of March, a communist, Baltic Fleet sailor Timofey Ivanovich Ulyantsev (one of the streets in the center of Novoshakhtinsk bears his name) arrived in the village, organizing the first communist cell at the mine. Locomotive driver Mikhail Ivankov was involved in distributing Bolshevik newspapers “Soldatskaya Pravda” and “Voice of Truth”, as well as brochures and leaflets, among workers.

In August 1917, the election of a new Council took place, it included communists Mashchenko Nikandr Pavlovich, Strelnikov Grigory Yakovlevich, Malyutin Vasily Ivanovich, Gryaznev Alexey Khristoforovich, Savchenko Grigory Ivanovich and others.

At the end of October 1917, a socialist revolution took place in the country. The Cossacks, led by Ataman A.M. Kaledin, entered the struggle against Soviet power. Ataman Kaledin, by his order No. 928, introduced martial law in some territories, including the Nesvetaevsky mine. Cossack detachments occupied Nesvetai in December 1917. The Soviets were forced to go underground, led by paramedic Konstantin Moiseevich Gorlov.

On February 4, 1918, a Military Revolutionary Committee was created at the mine, the main task of which was to arm workers for the defense of the mine and form Red Guard detachments. At the Likhaya station, a Nesvetaevsky detachment of the Red Guard numbering 175 people was created under the command of the former sailor of the Baltic Fleet V.I. Bobrov, armed with a three-inch gun and shells for it, two heavy machine guns, five boxes of rifles and cartridges.

Soon, Semiletov’s Cossack detachment approached the mine from Novocherkassk. He was opposed by the armed Red Army soldiers of Vasily Ivanovich Bobrov. The balance of power was not in favor of the Red Army - 145 people against 500 Cossacks. The battle began at noon near the Nesvetai beam and continued until night. The Red Army soldiers managed to hold out until help arrived - detachments of Moscow and local workers. As a result, the White Guards were defeated, the Red Army soldiers pursued the retreating Cossacks to Novocherkassk.

After the revolution and the Civil War, intensive construction took place at the mine named after the Third International, coal mining enterprises were put into operation on the territory of the future Novoshakhtinsk: in 1924, the foundation of mines No. 141 and 142 took place, in 1926, mine No. 142-bis was laid, commissioned put into operation in 1931 and later became the mine named after. Kirov, in 1933 mine No. 7 (Kominternovskaya) was put into operation, in 1938 – mine No. 5 (Nesvetaevskaya) and mine No. 8 (Zapadnaya-Kapitalnaya). In 1937, the Nesvetayanthracite trust was created, the largest in the Donbass, uniting 11 mines.

At the beginning of 1921, Nesvetay miners wrote a letter to V.I. Lenin, in which they asked to accept a gift of 30 thousand pounds of coal for the Moscow proletariat. This coal was mined during subbotniks. Vladimir Ilyich expressed his deep gratitude to the miners in a letter and announced the decision to transfer coal to the South-Eastern Railway, which was the country’s food artery. In memory of that event, a monument “Miner's Glory” was erected near the city administration building on Labor Square.

Along with the development of the coal industry, mining villages also developed. The miners needed proper rest after a difficult shift. On the initiative of youth and Komsomol members, a city park was founded in 1923. In 1925, the planting of the city park, led by gardener Semyon Gavrilovich Kharitonov, was completed. All landscaping work was carried out during cleanup days. On the territory of the city park, paths were made, benches were installed, a summer indoor cinema hall, a reading pavilion, and a summer stage were built, where artists from Moscow, Rostov-on-Don, Tbilisi came to give concerts, writers and poets performed. Among the rose bushes there were plaster statues of athletes and athletes, and in the center of the park was a monument to Lenin. In the evenings, music played here and young people danced. In the People's House lectures were given, conversations and various theme evenings were held, drama and choral clubs, string and brass bands, and an amateur theater under the direction of Alexander Chernyshev worked. The city park, which became the most beautiful and cozy place in the emerging city, still exists.

In 1926, the population of the mine was 7 thousand people, and by 1931 it had grown four and a half times, reaching 32,600 people.

The mining villages surrounding each mine formed the basis of the future city. In 1927, at a meeting of mine workers, a decision was made to rename Nesvetay to the village of Komintern. At this time there were about 200 residential barracks, a hospital (now the Central City Hospital), a workers' school and a mining school. In 1934, the first bakery was put into operation, in 1935, another hospital was opened in the village of Yuzhny, in 1939, the enrichment plant named after. Molotov, the largest in the country, later renamed the Nesvetai Central Training Facility. According to experts, in the depths of Nesvetai there were untold riches of anthracite - about 1 billion 200 million tons.

In the mid-1930s. The OGPU mine, whose predecessor was the Prokhodka Skochinsky mine, was recognized as the largest mine in the country, its team was awarded the Challenge Red Banner of the Pravda newspaper. The mine staff, in response to the recognition, produced more than 7 thousand tons of coal on a winter day in 1935.

The mine villages, located at a distance of 3 to 10 km from each other, began to be connected by stone roads. In 1937, coal production exceeded 3 million tons. The development of the village's economy was so intense that its pace approached those of some cities in the country. Architect Ivan Sergeevich Dedkov developed a development project for the future city, according to which, on an area of ​​about 1000 hectares, along with residential buildings, it was planned to build a three-story trust building, 40 schools, the House of Soviets, the House of Printing, the State Bank, the Drama Theater, and the House of Miners. More and more roads were laid, new mines were built, new residential buildings and cultural institutions were erected.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated January 31, 1939, the city of Novoshakhtinsk, Rostov Region, was formed on the territory of the mine. The main specialization of the young city continued to be primarily coal mining and maintenance of mining production. At the joint session of the village councils of the Southern and Comintern groups of mines, held on February 25, 1939, the city council was elected, and Ivan Kharitonovich Petrov was elected to the post of first chairman of the executive committee of the Novoshakhtinsky city council. On June 1, 1939, the first issue of the newspaper “Shakhter’s Banner” was published, which is still published.

The total cost of building the city was determined to be 189 million rubles at pre-war prices. In 1940, 2 million 814 thousand rubles were spent on housing construction; the construction of the Sokolovsky reservoir cost the budget 1.9 million rubles. According to the project, by the end of the 3rd Five-Year Plan (1942), the population of Novoshakhtinsk was supposed to reach 85 thousand people.

In the pre-war years, the coal industry developed rapidly. On November 6, 1940, the grand opening of the modern Palace of Culture named after V.I. Lenin took place, which became the cultural center of Novoshakhtinsk for many decades. The city lived in anticipation of new achievements, made plans for the future, many of which were not destined to come true...

The Great Patriotic War

The peaceful plans of the townspeople were interrupted by the invasion of the territory of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany. On the very first day of the war, June 22, 1941, by decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, martial law was introduced in the Rostov region and the mobilization of citizens liable for military service from 1905–1918 was announced. birth, mandatory blackout and camouflage and other air defense measures were introduced. The decree of June 27 ordered the deployment of a network of hospitals in the region.

In the very first days of the war, thousands of residents of Novoshakhtinsk went to the front to defend their native land, including many volunteers who signed up for the militia. The remaining miners worked both for themselves and for those who had left to fight. At industrial enterprises, the working day was increased, vacations were canceled, and a 7-day working week was established. Women began to master the mining professions. The life of the entire city was reorganized on a war footing.

In the fall of 1941, the front line came close to the border of the Rostov region. Tens of thousands of Don residents, including Novoshakhty residents, created defensive fortifications: trenches, scarps, dugouts, ditches. Through the incredible efforts of military sappers and civilians, a defensive line with a total length of 115 km was built around Novocherkassk and Rostov-on-Don in the shortest possible time. There were streams of refugees along the roads. Schools and city hospitals were filled with wounded. The roar of the guns did not stop; enemy planes were flying over the city. The evacuation of residents and businesses began. But in 1941, the Germans never captured Novoshakhtinsk. With the help of the 9th, 37th, and 56th armies, the fascist tank divisions were defeated.

In July 1942, the situation along the southern borders noticeably worsened, and a real threat of occupation of Novoshakhtinsk arose. The evacuation of enterprises begins for the second time, and the Nesvetayanthracite trust was no exception. In the summer of 1942, during the summer offensive, the Germans occupied most of the Rostov region, and on July 23 they entered Novoshakhtinsk. Before the city was captured by the Germans, the miners flooded the mines and themselves evacuated inland.

The occupation of the city lasted until February 13, 1943. The Nazis shot over 5 thousand residents of Novoshakhtinsk and surrounding villages. Outside the city, in the Bugultai gully, next to the water tower, after the liberation of the city, 29 large pits were found with the corpses of executed women, old people and children. On Voroshilovskaya Street (now Otechestvennaya) 350 victims of fascist repressions were discovered in an anti-tank ditch. During the occupation, a transit point for Soviet prisoners of war operated on the territory of the bakery. The occupiers forcibly sent young people to work in Germany. From Novoshakhtinsk, the Nazis took six batches of boys and girls and even small children - over 3 thousand people. On February 10, 1943, the seventh batch, consisting of 200 people, was prepared for departure, but the troops of the advancing Red Army prevented the departure of the train.

On Kooperativnaya Street (now Lenin Avenue) in the two-story building of the new school No. 1, the Nazis organized a camp for prisoners of war; in August 1942, several hundred people were brought here - Russians, Ukrainians, Kazakhs, Uzbeks. Prisoners loaded coal, cleared debris from the mine, and carried heavy logs and coal for heating. Several people died every day from overwork, beatings and hunger.

After the successful counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Stalingrad in November 1942 and the encirclement of a group of German troops on December 16, Soviet troops launched an offensive in the Middle Don (Operation Little Saturn), and the offensive of the armies of the Southern Front unfolded. On the morning of February 12, the 40th, 258th and 315th divisions attacked the enemy garrison in the city of Shakhty; in the middle of the day the city was completely cleared of fascist invaders. On February 13, units of the 32nd Cavalry and 315th Rifle Divisions liberated the city of Novoshakhtinsk.

If before the war more than 40 thousand people lived in the city, then by the end of the war there were less than 17 thousand inhabitants left in Novoshakhtinsk. 8,875 Novoshakhty residents fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, 3,765 people died, more than 5 thousand residents were shot by the fascist occupiers, about 3 thousand people were deported to Germany. The Nazis blew up and burned 245 industrial buildings and 205 residential buildings.

Novoshakhtinsk in the post-war period

After liberation from the Nazis, Novoshakhtinsk presented a terrible picture: mine workings flooded with water, mines in a dilapidated state. Plants and factories were destroyed. The restoration work was headed by the chairman of the city executive committee, Lyubov Alekseevna Klevtsova. On August 11, 1943, for the early restoration of enterprises operating in the coal industry, residents of Novoshakhtinsk were awarded the Challenge Red Banner of the Rostov Regional Party Committee and the Regional Council. Already in mid-March 1943, 7 coal mines were operating in the city, and by the end of 1947, Novoshakhtinsk miners reached the pre-war level of coal production.

During the first post-war years, the city's borders expanded significantly. New factories and mines appeared in Novoshakhtinsk. The Yuzhnaya group sorting plant and the Nesvetay processing plant, restored from ruins, began producing products. New production facilities began operating: a garment factory, a dairy and bread factory, and central mechanical workshops.

The first coal was obtained from the mines named after. newspapers “Komsomolskaya Pravda” (1956) and “Sokolovskaya” (1963). Together with these mines, the modern village of Novaya Sokolovka arose. In the 1950s - 1960s. Active construction of public and residential buildings began in the city. During these years, the buildings of the city library, the City Party Committee, the House of Sports and the House of Pioneers, 3 cinemas, 5 outpatient clinics, 3 children's clinics, 2 stadiums, an art and music school were built. In the 1960s the pace of urban construction accelerated, a nonwoven materials factory, a garment factory, a brick factory and a building materials factory, a Wedding House and a Communications House, and the Zarya Hotel were built. In 1964, at the shipyard of the city of Galati (Romania), in honor of the 25th anniversary of the city, a dry cargo ship named “Novoshakhtinsk” was launched. On May 6, 1965, the Novoshakhtinsky Evening Mining College (now the Shakhty Regional College of Fuel and Energy named after Academician P. I. Stepanov) was opened.

In the 1970s–1980s. Many healthcare institutions have been built, including: a surgical complex, a children's city hospital, a neurological department and other institutions.

City at the turn of the millennium

The 1990s, characterized by profound political and socio-economic transformations, became a turning point for Novoshakhtinsk. In 1994, a decision was made to restructure the coal industry. In Russia, one after another, unprofitable coal mines were closed. Novoshakhtinsk, which arose and developed as a mining single-industry town, in which the share of coal mining in industrial production was about 90%, fully felt the negative aspects of the transformations.

Since the early 1990s, the owner of Novoshakhtinsk coal enterprises has been Rostovugol JSC, which failed to maintain coal production in the city. The miners, defending their rights, held strikes, demanding to cancel the anti-people policy of closing the mines and to pay off months of wage arrears. In 1994, by decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, 42 particularly dangerous and unprofitable mines and opencast mines were closed, two of them were located in Novoshakhtinsk - named after M. Gorky and named after S. Kirov. In 1997, one of the oldest mines in the city, Nesvetaevskaya, was closed, which by that time had practically exhausted its industrial coal reserves. In 1998, the Sambekovskaya mine was closed. In 2002, the Sokolovskaya mine and the Stepanovskoye mine management were closed. By the end of 2002, only 3 mines remained operational in Novoshakhtinsk - named after V.I. Lenin, "Zapadnaya-Kapitalnaya" and named after the newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda".

In 2003, due to the largest man-made accident in the industry at the Zapadnaya mine, the last operating coal mining enterprises in the city were closed. The leadership of Novoshakhtinsk has set a course for the formation of a diversified economy. In March 2005, construction began on the Novoshakhtinsky oil products plant, which became one of the largest investment projects in the south of Russia. In 2005, foam concrete produced by EMS LLC was included in the list of the best goods in the country.

Modern Novoshakhtinsk is a city with a developed social sphere and a reoriented economy, which has a stable base for the further development and well-being of Novoshakhtinsk families.

Crime

Novoshakhtinsk is a quiet, homely city, so there were almost no high-profile criminal cases here. As in all sharply impoverished cities, here in the most difficult years desperate residents engaged in theft (and even now petty thefts from backyards are relevant for the private sector of the city). Currently, the situation with rampant thefts has stabilized.

Another problem of the city is a large number of alcohol and drug addicts, unpredictable people, sometimes ready to do anything for money.

But, in general, of course, the city is far from being classified as criminal.

Sights of the city of Novoshakhtinsk

Novoshakhtinsk, born in the recent past, built by a young generation of miners, has attractions created by nature and by the hands of people. These include:

• The Zolotaya Krinitsa tract . The reserve with amazing nature and reserves of the purest fresh water was created on an area of ​​5.5 hectares in 1977. Modern ski resorts begin to operate.
• Monuments to famous residents of the city . Memorial “Wounded Soldier”, mass graves (there are numerous steles and obelisks in the city, installed on the streets, parks of the city, its surroundings. Alley of Heroes, monuments to the “Never Returned”, to the Liberator Warrior, to the Miners.
• Temple of the Don Icon of the Mother of God . The cathedral was built in the city center in 2004.
• Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary . Temple of the Archangel Michael. Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
• Drama Theater . The restored, beautiful theater building attracts visitors with interesting performances, which created the conditions for the theater to receive the title of national theater.
• Museum of History and Local Lore.

A map of Novoshakhtinsk with houses allows you to quickly get to any attraction.