Administrative-territorial division of the Novgorod region

Coat of arms of Novgorod the Great

The coat of arms of Novgorod was approved on August 16, 1781.
“In a silver field there are golden chairs with a red red pillow lying on it, on which there is a scepter placed crosswise on the right side, and a cross on the left, on top of the chairs there is a candlestick with three burning candles, and two bears standing on the sides.” The flag of the city of Veliky Novgorod was adopted on April 14, 1994. In the center of the flag is the coat of arms of Veliky Novgorod, decorated with stylized battlements of the Kremlin wall in red. The white color on the flag symbolizes the color of the walls of Orthodox churches; blue - the Volkhov River, red - the color of the walls of the Novgorod Kremlin.

Municipal structure

As part of the municipal structure of the region, within the boundaries of the administrative-territorial units of the Novgorod region, a total of 142 municipalities were formed (as of January 1, 2016):

• 1st urban district (Veliky Novgorod);
• 21 municipal districts, including 19 urban settlements,
• 101 rural settlements.

In March 2021, the Volotovsky, Marevsky, Soletsky and Khvoyninsky municipal districts were transformed into municipal districts, all cities and settlements that were part of them were abolished.

Since 2021, the municipal structure of the Novgorod region looks like this:

• 1st urban district (Veliky Novgorod);
• 4 municipal districts;
• 17 municipal districts, including 17 urban settlements,
• 81 rural settlements.

About the city

Novgorod region

The region is located in the north-west of the Russian Plain, occupying the territory of the Ilmen Lowland and the northern spurs of the Valdai Upland.

The area of ​​the region is the sixth of the seven regions of the Northwestern Federal District and is 54.5 thousand km². The length of the region’s territory from west to east is 385 km, and from north to south – 278 km. The Novgorod region borders on the Pskov region in the west and southwest, on the Tver region in the south and southeast, on the Leningrad region in the north and northwest, and on the Vologda region in the northeast. Population - 596,508 people. (2020). Veliky Novgorod has a population of 222.9 thousand people

The Novgorod region is located in a forest zone, which is divided into two subzones - taiga and mixed forests. Coniferous forests are gradually replaced by mixed forests as the temperature increases to the south. In the taiga subzone, coniferous forests alternate with small-leaved forests. Here, along with coniferous and small-leaved species, there is a small admixture of broad-leaved species (oak, linden, maple, elm, ash). Significant areas of the southern taiga subzone are occupied by swamps and meadows. In some places small groves of oak and linden have been preserved.

Currently, forests and shrubs occupy about 68% of the region's territory, about 16% of the area is occupied by agricultural land - arable land, hayfields, pastures, gardens, more than 13% is under swamps and waters, 3% of the area is occupied by other lands.

Shrubs grow under the canopy of trees - buckthorn, honeysuckle, hazel, wolf's bast, raspberries, currants. The grass cover consists of scilla, anemone, lily of the valley, crow's eye, chickweed, hoofweed, liverwort, strawberry and other plants. The forest provides raw materials for 20 thousand types of products and products. Every year a lot of mushrooms and berries are collected in the forests. Of the mushrooms, the most valuable are porcini mushroom, milk mushroom, boletus, saffron milk cap, and boletus. Many forest plants, as well as swamp and meadow plants, are used as medicinal raw materials. These include rose hips, raspberries, blueberries, St. John's wort, cumin, mint, celandine, dandelion, yellow sweet clover, etc. Good honey plants are fireweed, willow, raspberries, heather, and linden.

The forests have clean, healthy air, which is why sanatoriums, holiday homes, children's health camps, and tourist centers are built in them.

The fauna of the Novgorod region is represented by species characteristic of central Russia: foxes, moose, stoats, white hares, shrews, wood mice. There are also brown bears, lynxes, wolves, and wild boars. In the Novgorod forests you can find sika deer brought from the Far East. Among the forest inhabitants living in trees, the squirrel and marten are notable.

Among the birds, crossbill, great spotted woodpecker, pika, bullfinch, nuthatch, and tit are especially common. Large forest birds include black grouse, hazel grouse, and capercaillie.

The fauna of open spaces is less rich than in the forest. In fields, meadows and pastures, in bush thickets there are brown hare, gray vole, field mouse, polecat, as well as some forest animals (fox, ermine, weasel).

In reservoirs and swamps, the most common mammals are the otter and mink, which have valuable fur, beavers, and muskrats. Of the birds, the majority are waterfowl - ducks of various species and geese. In the swamps there are waders (snipe, curlew), cranes, and in the floodplains of rivers - lapwings. Vipers, snakes, viviparous lizards, and grass frogs also live in damp places.

There is a wide variety of fish in the lakes and rivers of the region. Bream, perch, pike, sop, ide, ruff, and burbot are common. Lake Ilmen is especially rich in fish. The fast, rapids rivers of the Valdai Upland are home to trout. In some reservoirs, whitefish, nelma, ripus, and eel brought from other regions of Russia have bred. Carp are artificially bred in ponds and lakes.

Many animals common in the region - squirrels, muskrats, martens, minks, moles, hares, foxes, raccoon dogs - are of commercial importance. The objects of amateur hunting are birds: ducks, geese, black grouse, hazel grouse, wood grouse.

48 species of birds (23% of all nesting in the province) and 11 species of mammals (18%) are listed in the Red Book of the Novgorod Region.

Historical and urban planning essay

Novgorod is one of the most ancient urban tribal cities (“The Tale of Bygone Years”). It was first mentioned in the Novgorod I Chronicle in 859. At this time, the city was still located on the site of the current “Rurik” settlement. The location at the junction of the routes “from the Varangians to the Greeks” (established in the 9th century) with the “Volga-Baltic” route (established by the end of the 8th century) contributed to the development of crafts (iron, wood, leather processing), trade and culture in Novgorod. The city was “moved” to a new location in the 930-50s.

The construction of Detinets and the emergence of the settlement were almost simultaneous, and very quickly the city occupied a huge area.

Detinets, the name of the internal fortifications (walls and towers) in a Russian medieval city around the residence of a prince or bishop. The term was used in chronicles until the 14th century; later it was replaced by the name “Kremlin” or the words “grad” and “city” that existed simultaneously with it.

From the end 10th century this is already the second most important center of Kievan Rus with the 13-domed wooden Church of St. Sophia. After the redevelopment of the Kremlin, the stone St. Sophia Cathedral (1045-50) was built in the new Detinets, one of the three oldest, along with Kyiv and Polotsk, St. Sophia churches in Rus'. From the beginning In the 12th century, starting from the Church of the Annunciation on Gorodishche in Novgorod, intensive construction of stone churches was carried out. The Nikolodvorishchensky, Anthony's Nativity, and St. George churches of this period have been preserved.

At this time, Novgorod begins to invite the prince without the consent of Kiev. The veche—a people's assembly with the participation of the urban and rural population—gained great importance in the political life of Novgorod. The veche elected the townsman, thousand and archbishop from among the boyars (since 1156). The land rights and income of the Kyiv prince were transferred to the archbishop who stood at the head of the executive power. He was in charge of the treasury, foreign relations, and the court. Key positions in the management of the Novgorod state gave him the chairmanship of the council of gentlemen. Traveler Guilbert Lannoy at the beginning of the 15th century. called the ruler of Novgorod the lord of the city. The trade and craft population had their own Konchan, sotny (including merchants), and Ulich associations. The functions of the prince were limited mainly to the military leadership.

The basis of the economy of Novgorod in the 12-15th centuries. - agriculture and cattle breeding, hunting, fishing, highly developed crafts, exchange with the surrounding area and trade. Furs, honey, wax, flax, leather raw materials, hemp, and timber were exported. Cloth, luxury goods, spices, and wine were imported. Novgorod carried out active colonization of the North-East (Zavolochye), rich in furs, fish, salt, walrus ivory, and pearls. Novgorod founded cities, including Vologda (1147) and Totma (until 1138). Land holdings served as the material basis for the political domination of the boyars and the church. There was a middle class - “living people, native people.”

The trading side with the originally princely Yaroslav's courtyard, where the veche met. Both parts were connected by a bridge across the Volkhov. Already at the beginning 12th century the city and its immediate surroundings along the river were surrounded by stone temples. Urban development on an area of ​​410 hectares within the 12th century fort. was divided into 5 districts (ends). Around Detinets from north to south there are Nerevsky, Zagorodsky and Goncharsky, or Lyudin, ends, around Torg there is the Slavensky end, to the north of it behind the Fedorovsky stream there is the Plotnitsky end. From the 14th century the ends act as self-governing constituent units. In the 15th century they turn out to be connected with the parts of the state subject to them - Pyatina (Bezhetskaya, Vodskaya, Derevskaya, Obonezhskaya, Shelonskaya). Most of the streets gravitated towards the banks of the Volkhov, parallel to which, on each side, only one street crossed the city along its entire length.

At this time, Novgorod developed into a huge urban complex. The city was surrounded by 3 rows of monasteries. Residential development to the end. 17th century was wooden. Temples, sometimes chambers of the nobility, and defensive structures were built from stone and brick. On the territory of Detinets, the buildings of the ruler’s court with the “faceted chamber” (1433), the walls and towers of the first “Italian” Kremlin in Rus' have been preserved. 15th century

A huge number of churches have been preserved: Blagoveshchensky Arkazhsky, Peter and Paul on Sinichya Mountain, Spaso-Nereditsky from the end of the 12th century, Pyatnitsky at Torg, Rozhdestvensky Perynsky (beginning of the 13th century), Nikolo-Lipensky, Fedorovsky (late 13th century), St. Nicholas the Bely , Mikhailovsky, Savior on Kovalev (early and mid-14th century), John on Vitka, Nativity on the Cemetery, Fyodor on the Stream, Savior on Ilyin (2nd half of the 14th century), Blasius, Peter and Paul in Kozhevniki (early 15th century), Assumption, John on Opoki, Twelve Apostles, Forty Martyrs, Sergius in the Kremlin (mid 15th century).

Administrative-territorial division of the Novgorod region in 1900-1996

The Novgorod province, created in 1727 and which existed for exactly two centuries, at the end of the 19th century consisted of 11 counties, which included 127 volosts. There were counties: Belozersky, Borovichsky. Valdaisky, Demyansky, Kirillovsky, Krestetsky. Novgorod, Starorussky, Tikhvin, Ustyuzhensky and Cherepovets. The composition of counties did not change from 1859 to 1917. In terms of area, it was the 11th territorial entity in the European part of Russia.

In 1892, the Troitskaya volost was created in the Novgorod district, and in 1896 - Vysokovskaya and Spassko-Polistskaya. In Valdai district in 1900, the Dvoretskaya volost arose. In 1901, Chernoruchskaya volost was liquidated in Demyansky district and Velevskaya volost was formed. Then in the Novgorod district in 1910 the Sosninsko-Pristanskaya volost was formed, in 1911 - the Oskuyskaya volost.

During this period, there were more than 8,470 villages, hamlets and hamlets (that is, rural settlements). According to the first general population census (1897), 1,267,022 people lived on the territory of the province. In 1913, there were 1,780,656 local residents in the province.

After the revolution of 1917, a rapid reorganization of the territories began. Since April 1918, eight northwestern provinces - Petrograd, Novgorod, Pskov, Olonetsk, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Cherepovets and Severodvinsk - were transformed into the Union of Communes of the Northern Region, which ceased to exist in 1919.

At the request of the northern districts of the province, the Democratic Congress of Soviets on May 10-13, 1918 positively resolved the issue of separating Tikhvin, Ustyuzhensky, Cherepovets, Kirillovsky and Belozersky districts into the Cherepovets province. Thus, only six districts and almost half of the previously existing territory remained in the Novgorod province.

Then, on June 7, 1918, by resolution of the Novgorod provincial executive committee, Bologovsky district was formed by allocating part of the volosts to it

Valdai district. However, already in 1919 the central authorities abolished the district.

On March 30, 1918, Malovishersky district was formed. Some volosts of the Krestetsky district and one of the Tikhvin district of the Cherepovets province merged into it.

In 1918-1919, more than twenty new volosts arose in the province. As a result, by 1922 there were already 7 counties and 142 volosts. The maximum norm for the population living in the territory of the volost was set at that time at 10 thousand people.

In the Novgorod province there were Borovichsky district (Belskaya, Kusheverskaya, Orekhovskaya, Borovichskaya, Minetskaya, Pereluchskaya, Vasilyevskaya, Nikandrovskaya, Ryadokskaya, Volokskaya, Nikolo-Moshenskaya, Konchanskaya, Opechenskaya volosts), Valdaisky district (Berezaiskaya, Kemetskaya, Medvedevskaya, Valdaiskaya, Krestetskaya, Rabezhskaya, Edrovskaya, Luchkinskaya, Firovskaya volosts). Demyansky district (Velilskaya, Moiseevskaya, Polnovskaya, Demyanskaya, Molvotitskaya, Semenovskaya, Luzhenskaya volosts), Malovisherskaya district (Malovisherskaya, Polishchskaya, Tidvorskaya, Okulovskaya, Sukhlovskaya, Torbinskaya volosts), Novgorodsky district (Apraksinskaya, Oskuyskaya, Tesovskaya, Bronnitskaya, Podberezskaya, Troitskaya , Zaitsevskaya, Samokkrazskaya, Tryasovskaya, Lyubanskaya, Seyaogorskaya, Chernovskaya, Medvedskaya, Spasopolistskaya, Chudovskaya volosts). Starorussky district (Astrilovskaya, Zaluchskaya, Poddorskaya, Belebelkovskaya, Korostynskaya, Slavitinskaya, Voskresenskaya, Nalyuchskaya, Starorusskaya, Gorodetskaya, Pereginskaya, Uchenskaya, Dubrovskaya, Podgoshchskaya, Cherenchitskaya volosts).

As for the Gorodenskaya, Peredolskaya and Turskaya volosts, they were part of the Luga district. Zaluchskaya, Soletskaya, Gorodovitskaya, Pervomaiskaya volosts belonged to Porkhovsky district, and Troitskaya, Tsevelskaya, Sovetskaya, Kholmskaya - to Kholmsky district.

From 1917 to 1927, the entire period or part of it existed in the Borovichi district of the volost: Vasilyevskaya, Velikoporozhskaya, Volokskaya (Volotskaya), Gorodishchenskaya, Dolgovskaya, Konchanskaya, Kusheverskaya (Communist), Lzichskaya, Lyubytinskaya, Minetskaya, Nikandrovskaya, Nikolo-Moshenskaya, Novoselitskaya ( Ilyinskaya), Opechenskaya, Orekhovskaya, Ostrovskaya, Ryadokskaya, Stepankovskaya, Khoromskaya (Oktyabrskaya), Shedomitskaya, Sherekhovskaya; in Valdai district: Belskaya, Borovenkovskaya, Edrovskaya, Zhabenskaya, Zimogorskaya, Ilyatinskaya, Kemetskaya, Kitovskaya, Krestetskaya, Lokotskaya, Luchinskaya, Medvedevskaya (Leninskaya), Navolokskaya, Novotroitskaya, Rabezhskaya, Rakhinskaya, Rozhdestvenskaya, Firovskaya, Yazhelbitskaya; in Demyansk district: Velilskaya, Velevskaya, Demyanskaya, Domashevskaya, Ilyinogorskaya, Kostkovskaya, Luzhenskaya, Lutskaya, Moiseevskaya, Molvotitskaya, Novorusskaya, Polnovskaya, Polskaya, Semenovskaya, Filippogorskaya; in Malovishersky district: Gryadskaya, Zaborovskaya, Zaozerskaya, Zaruchevskaya, Kaevskaya, Karpinogorskaya, Malovisherskaya, Mezhnikovskaya, Okulovskaya, Paporotno-Ostrovskaya, Pozharskaya, Polishchenskaya, Sukhlovskaya, Tidvorskaya, Timofeevskaya, Torbinskaya, Usadievskaya, Ust-Volmskaya; in Novgorod district: Apraksinskaya (Stenko-Razinskaya), Bronnitskaya, Gruzinskaya, Dobroselskaya, Zaitsevskaya, Kositskaya, Krasnostanskaya, Lugsko-Georgievskaya, Maryinskaya (Nekrasovskaya), Medvedskaya, Nikolskaya (Kalininskaya), Novo-Nikolaevskaya (Spartakovskaya), Novoselitskaya, Oskuyskaya, Pelgorskaya, Podberezskaya, Polyanskaya, Pomeranskaya, Rakomskaya (Krasno-rybatskaya), Samokrazskaya, Selishchenskaya (Vysokovskaya), Selogorskaya, Sosninsko-Pristanskaya, Spassko-Polistskaya, Tesovskaya, Troitskaya (Budennovskaya), Tryasovskaya, Chernovskaya, Chudovskaya, Shim-skaya ; in Starorussky district: Astrilovskaya, Belebelkovskaya, Vilenskaya, Voskresenskaya, Vysotskaya, Gorodetskaya, Gubinskaya, Dovoretskaya, Dolzhinskaya, Dubovitskaya, Dubrovskaya, Zhglovskaya, Zaluchskaya, Kolomskaya, Korostynskaya, Lazhinskaya, Lyubynskaya, Manuylovskaya, Mednikovskaya, Nalyuchskaya, Nivskaya, Pereginskaya, Podgoshskaya, Poddorskaya, Ratitskaya, Slavitinskaya, Starorusskaya, Uchenskaya, Cherenchitskaya, Shotovskaya. In addition, Lubinskaya, Mikhailovskaya and Utorgoshskaya volosts during this period were part of the Luga district of the Petrograd (Leningrad) province, Soletskaya volost - in the Porkhov district of the Pskov province. Zagorskaya, Zuevskaya, Kamenskaya, Medovskaya, Polistovskaya, Tukhomicheskaya and Kholmskaya volosts - to the Kholmsky district of the Pskov province.

In 1921, the North-Western Region was formed, which included the entire territory of the Novgorod province.

On May 2, 1922, Krestetsky district was abolished. Soon (in March 1923) the volosts were enlarged. As a result, by 1924 the province had 6 districts and 65 volosts.

On January 1, 1926, there were 1,006,519 people in the province, including 92,063 people living in cities, 25,174 people in other urban settlements and 889,282 people in rural areas. At the same time, 31,120 citizens lived in Novgorod, 21,511 in Staraya Russa, 18,561 in Borovichi, 5,796 in Valdai, 2,441 in Demyansk, 9,685 in Malaya Vishera, and 10,872 people in Bolotoye.

On January 1, 1927, the North-Western region began to be called Leningrad. At that time it had 10 districts. Novgorod and Borovichi districts appeared on the territory of the Novgorod province. The province ceased to exist. The division into volosts, districts and provinces is also gone. The main administrative-territorial unit was the district included in the district.

The Novgorod district included 19 districts: Belebelkovsky, Bronnitsky, Volotovsky, Demyansky, Zaluchsky, Krestetsky, Luzhensky (center - the village of Lychkovo), Malovishersky, Medvedsky, Molvotitsky. Novgorodsky, Podgoshchsky, Poddorsky, Polnovsky, Polsky (center - Pola station), Soletsky, Starorussky, Chernovsky (center - Chernoe village) and Chudovsky.

The Novgorod district thus included the former Starorussky district (entirely) consisting of the city of Staraya Russa and 15 volosts; Demyansk district (entirely) consisting of the city of Demyansk and 7 volosts; from the Novgorod district - the volosts of Bronnitskaya, Zaitsevskaya, Medvedskaya, Podberezskaya, Chernovskaya, Chudovskaya, Oskuyskaya (except for the Krestetsky and Klinkovsky village councils and the villages of Bolshie and Malye Otoki of the Oskuysky village council), Samokrazskaya volost (except for the Kurinsky, Ozerevsky, Gusinsky, Radolsky village councils); Vditsky village council of Tesovskaya volost; from Malovishersky district - the city of Malaya Vishera and the volosts of Malovisherskaya, Polishchskaya, Tidvorskaya (except for the villages of Pernitsa, Lastochkino, Vagan village, Rodino village of Gryazno-Zamostevsky village council), Borkovsky, Isakovsky, Pekhovsky, Vorobyovsky village councils of Sukhlovsky volost; from Valdai district - volosts: Krestetskaya, Rabezhskaya (without the villages of Luka and Domozhirovo), village councils Lamersky, Davydovshchinsky, Fedosovsky, Rykhlovsky, Lokotsky, Klokshinsky, Orinetsky, Melnitsky, Balashkovsky, Evankovsky, Prudishchensky, Belushkinsky, Builovsky and Bychkovsky village councils Lokotskaya volost; from the Volkhov district of the Leningrad province - Kardovsky, Dedelevsky, Menevshinsky, Berezovsky and Nechansky village councils of the Glazhevsky volost; from the Porkhov district of the Pskov province - the city of Soltsy, Soletskaya volost and part of the Gorodovitskaya volost (namely 8 villages along the Polist river).

The Borovichi district included 13 districts: Volsky (center - the village of Beloe), Bologovsky, Borovichsky, Valdaisky, Konchansky (center - the village of Konchanskoye), Minetsky, Moshenskoy, Okulovsky, Opechensky. Orekhovsky (center - Klimkovo village), Rozhdestvensky (center - Rozhdestvo village), Torbinsky and Uglovsky.

The Borovichi district included the former Borovichi district of the Novgorod province (entirely) consisting of the city of Borovichi and 13 volosts; Valdai district consisting of the cities of Valdai and Bologoe and volosts (with the exception of Krestetskaya volost and parts of Rabezhskaya and Lokotskaya volosts, which were transferred to the Novgorod district); from the Tikhvin district of the Cherepovets province - the villages of Smerdomtsy and Zaozerye of the Anisimov volost; from the Ustyuzhensky district of the Cherepovets province - Chernyansky, Valtsevsky, Balashevsky and Gorsky village councils of the Ereminsky volost.

By a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of September 5, 1927, the city of Demyansk, Novgorod district, was converted into a village. By the decision of the same body on June 25, 1928, the settlements of Chudovo, Novgorod Okrug, Parakhino-Poddubye, Kulotino and Okulovka, Borovichi Okrug, were transformed into workers’ settlements. By decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 10, 1928, the Luzhensky district of the Novgorod district was renamed Lychkovsky.

On July 23, 1930, the division into districts was abolished in the country, and the district centers of Pskov, Novgorod, Borovichi, Cherepovets were, according to the decisions of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of August 9 and 20, transformed into independent administrative and economic centers with direct subordination to the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee.

By decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of October 30, 1930, the Polnovsky district of the former Novgorod district was renamed Polnovo-Seligersky.

Pos. From January 30, 1931, Proletary Bronnitsky District was transformed into a workers' settlement.

Major changes in the names and existence of districts occurred in 1931-1932.

By a resolution of the Presidium of the Leningrad Regional Executive Committee of March 11, 1931, five districts and regional centers were renamed, including: Belsky district - into Lyubytinsky, and its center with. Beloe - in the village. Lyubitino; Bronnitsky district is in Mstinsky, and its center is the village. Bronnitsa - in the village. Msta;

Zhukovsky district is in Dregelsky, and its center, the village of Zhukov, is in the village of Dregli. Then, by decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of September 20, 1931, 18 districts of the Leningrad region were liquidated, including: Belebelkovsky (annexed to Poddorsky), Medvedsky (annexed to Novgorodsky), Opechensky (annexed to Borovichsky), Orekhovsky (annexed to Moshensky), Podgo -shchsky (attached to Starorussky), Rozhdestvensky (attached to Bologovsky), Torbinsky (attached to Okulovsky), Utorgoshsky (attached to Soletsky) and Chernovsky (attached to Batetsky). By the same decree, the Minets district was renamed Khvoyninsky, and the center of the district was renamed from the village. Mintsy was moved to the station. Coniferous.

On January 1, 1932, by resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, 13 districts of the Leningrad region were abolished, including: Volotovsky (the territory was transferred to the Dnovsky, Starorussky, Soletsky and Dedovichsky districts); Konchansky (the territory was transferred to Khvoininsky, Borovichi and Moshensky districts); Mstinsky (the territory was transferred to the Novgorod and Krestetsky districts); Polnovo-Seligersky (the territory was completely transferred to the Demyansky district); Polsky (the territory was transferred completely to the Lychkovsky district); Uglovsky (the territory was transferred to Okulovsky, Borovichsky and Bologovsky districts).

By decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of June 20, 1932, the village of Belgium, Borovichi district, was transformed into a workers’ settlement subordinate to the Borovichi City Council.

The next redistribution of the region's territory occurred in 1935, when, by decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 29, 5 districts of the Leningrad region, including the Bologovsky district, were transferred to the newly created Kalinin region.

By resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of February 15, 1935, 10 new districts were formed, including: Volotovsky (due to the disaggregation of Starorussky, Dnovsky and Soletsky districts); Utorgoshsky (due to the disaggregation of the Soletsky district); Shimsky (due to the disaggregation of the Novgorod, Soletsky and Starorussky districts).

By the decision of the same body on August 20, 1935, the villages of Khvoinaya, Khvoininsky district, and Krechevitsy, Novgorod district, were transformed into workers’ villages.

According to a directory compiled in Leningrad in 1936, the administrative-territorial division at that time had one feature: in places of compact residence of representatives of others. In addition to the Russian, national village councils were created. For example, the Aleksandrovsky village council of the Chudovsky district was a place of compact residence of Germans, the Derevolatyshsky village council of the same district - Latvians, the Ermolinsky village council of the Novgorod district - Latvians, the Kamzovsky village council of the Krestetsky district - Estonians, the Kolomovsky village council of the Chudovsky district - Latvians, the Novonikolaevsky village council of the Novgorod district - Germans, Yablone-Estonian the village council of the Lychkovsky district - Estonians, the Yakonovsky village council of the Valdai district - Karelians. In total, at that time there were 129 national village councils in the Leningrad region.

By a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of June 20, 1937, the working village of Chudovo, Chudovsky district, was transformed into a city of regional subordination. Subsequently, decisions on issues of the administrative-territorial structure of the region were formalized by Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.

Thus, by Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in 1938, the following settlements were transformed into workers' settlements: Gruzine, Chudovsky district (Decree of September 11, 1938); Kresttsy of the Krestetsky district and Uglovka of the Okulovsky district (Decree of November 9, 1938); Krasnoporforny and named after the Comintern of the Chudovsky district (Decree of December 4, 1938).

In the same year, the administrative-territorial division of the Leningrad region was approved, consisting of 49 districts. It included Batetsky and Borovichsky. Valdai, Vsevolozhsky, Vinnitsa, Voznesensky, Volotovsky, Volkhovsky, Dedovichsky. Demyansky, Dnovsky, Dregelsky, Efimovsky, Zaluchsky, Kapshinsky, Kirishsky, Krasnogvardeisky, Krasnoselsky, Krestetsky, Lodeynopolsky, Luzhsky, Lychkovsky, Lyubytinsky, Malovishersky, Mginsky, Molvotitsky, Moshenskoy. Novgorod, Okulovsky, Oranienbaumsky, Oredezhsky, Oyatsky, Pargolovsky, Pashsky, Pestovsky, Plussky, Poddorsky, Podporozhsky, Porkhovsky, Slutsky, Soletsky, Starorussky, Tikhvinsky, Toksovsky, Tosnensky, Utorgoshsky, Khvoyninsky, Chudovsky, Shimsky and three districts: Kingiseppsky (Volosovsky , Kingisepp and Osminsky districts). Murmansk (Kirovsky, Kola, Lovozersky, Polyarny, Sami, Teribersky and Tersky districts) and Pskovsky (Gdovsky, Karamyshevsky, Lyadsky, Novoselsky, Ostrovsky, Palkinsky, Polnovsky, Pskovsky, Seredkinsky, Soshikhinsky and Strugo-Krasnensky districts).

The following year, by Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the following settlements were transformed into workers' settlements: Zarubino, Lyubytinsky district (Decree of August 27, 1939) and Tesovo-Netylsky, Novgorod district (Decree of September 19, 1939).

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, by its Decree of August 3, 1939, created 3 new districts in the Leningrad region, including: Opechensky district (due to the disaggregation of the Borovichi and Moshensky districts) and the Polavsky district (due to the disaggregation of the Lychkovsky district).

The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated September 19, 1939 allocated the city of Staraya Russa as an independent administrative and economic unit with direct subordination to the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee.

The last transformations before the Great Patriotic War took place in March 1941.

The Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, by its Decree of March 11, 1941, created 3 new districts in the Leningrad region, including: Belebelkovsky (due to the disaggregation of the Poddorsky and Dedovichi districts and Mstinsky with its center in the workers' village of Proletary (due to the disaggregation of the Novgorod and Krestetsky districts). Separate By decree of March 17, 1941, the village of Lotovo was transferred from the Opechensky district of the Leningrad region to the Bologovsky district of the Kalinin region.

During the Great Patriotic War, the administrative-territorial division in the region did not change. The following areas were subjected to actual occupation by the Nazi invaders with inclusion in the so-called Ingermanland province: Batetsky, Belebelkovsky, Volotovsky, Demyansky, Zaluchsky, Lychkovsky, Molvotitsky, Novgorodsky, Poddorsky, Polavsky, Soletsky, Starorussky, Utorgoshsky, Chudovsky and Shimsky, and were subjected to partial occupation — Dregelsky, Malovishersky and Mstinsky districts. The fighting captured a little of the territory of the Valdai and Krestetsky districts. The northeastern districts of the Leningrad region remained unoccupied by the enemy: Borovichsky, Lyubytinsky, Moshensky, Okulovsky, Opechensky, Pestovsky and Khvoininsky.

During the war years, the settlement of Komarove, Lyubytinsky district (July 1943), where intensive coal mining was carried out, was classified as a workers' settlement, and by the Decree of the Presidium of the RSFSR Armed Forces of February 19, 1944, the regional center of the Molvotitsky district was moved from the village. Molvotitsy in the village. Haze.

1944 became a significant year for Novgorodians. Thanks to the Novgorod-Luga operation of the Volkhov Front and the actions of the 2nd Baltic Front, the entire Novgorod land was cleared of invaders. By decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces of July 5, 1944, the independent Novgorod region was formed. It included the cities of regional subordination Novgorod, Borovichi and Staraya Russa, and 27 districts: Batetsky, Belebelkovsky, Borovichsky, Valdaisky, Volotovsky, Demyansky, Dregelsky, Zaluchsky, Krestetsky, Lychkovsky, Lyubytinsky, Malovishersky, Molvotitsky, Moshensky, Mstinsky, Novgorodsky, Okulovsky, Opechensky, Pestovsky, Poddorsky, Polavsky, Soletsky, Starorussky, Utorgoshsky, Khvoyninsky, Chudovsky and Shimsky.

Among the settlements in the region were the cities of regional subordination: Valdai, Malaya Vishera, Soltsy, Chudovo and workers’ settlements: Bolshaya Vishera, Gruzine, Zarubino, Komarovo, named after the Comintern, Krasnofarforny, Kresttsy, Krechevitsy, Kulotino, Okulovka, Parakhino-Poddubye, Parfino, Pestovo. Proletary, Tesovo-Netylsky, Uglovka, Khvoynaya.

The region included 564 village councils.

In 1950, three village councils were abolished, and the settlements of Gruzino and named after the Comintern were excluded from the category of workers' villages. On January 1, 1955, there were already 388 village councils (due to consolidation).

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated July 5, 1956, the Dmitrovsky and Mozolevsky village councils were transferred from the Dregelsky district of the Novgorod region to the Boksitogorsky district of the Leningrad region.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated June 29, 1958, the Kholmsky district was included from the Pskov region into the Novgorod region (before the abolition of the Velikiy Luki region, it was part of the latter).

In 1959, the village of Tesovsky, Novgorod region, was listed in the category of workers' settlements.

By the decision of the Novgorod Regional Executive Committee of November 18, 1960, according to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of November 17, 1960, the Opechensky district was abolished with the transfer of its territory to the Borovichsky and partially (Borkovsky and Baryshevsky village councils) to the Moshensky districts. By the decision of the Novgorod Regional Executive Committee of December 28, 1960, the settlement of Demyansk was classified as a workers' settlement.

According to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated July 22, 1961, the Belebeyakovsky and Zaluchsky districts were abolished with the transfer of the territory of the first to the Poddorsky district, and the second to the Starorussky and Kholmsky districts of the Novgorod region.

The villages of Antsiferovo, Pes (Khvoininsky district), Lychkovo (Lychkovsky district) and Nebolchi (Dregelsky district) in 1962 were classified as workers' villages.

A major reorganization was undertaken in the country between 1962 and 1965. It also affected our region. Thus, according to the Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of December 26, 1962, of February 1, 1963, in April 1963, instead of the existing districts in the region, 9 rural and 3 industrial districts were created: Borovichsky rural (former Borovichsky, Lyubytinsky and Moshensky), Valdai rural (former Valdaysky and Krestetsky), Demyansky rural (formerly Demyansky, Molvotitsky (without Apoletsky village council), Lychkovsky and Podberezsky village councils of the former Polavsky district). Novgorod rural (former Batetsky, Mstinsky, Novgorod, Chudovsky and Aleksandrovsky village councils of the former Malovishersky district), Okulovsky rural (former Okulovsky and Malovishersky (without Aleksandrovsky village council). Pestovsky rural (former Dregelsky, Pestovsky and Khvoininsky districts), Soletsky rural (former Soletsky, Utorgoshsky districts, the Gorsky village council of the former Volotovsky district with the inclusion of the 1st branch of the state farm "Pravda", the village councils of Vysokovsky, Gorno-Veretyevsky, Lyubynsky, Medvedsky, Podgoshchsky, Shimsky of the former Shimsky district, and the villages of Vereshchino, Gortsy were transferred to the Podgoshchisky village council Zhary, Ivantsevo, Kolomo, “Projector”, Bolshevitonsky River, as well as the village of Krasnaya Niva of the Veryazhsky village council), Starorussky rural (former Starorussky and Polavsky (without Podberezsky village council) districts, village councils of Goritsky, Gorodetsky, Dergletsky, Volotovsky, Vzglyadsky, Dolzhinsky, Peskovsky . Molvotitsky district), Krestetsky industrial (city. Valdai and the workers' villages of Kresttsy, Lychkovo, Proletary with their administrative subordination to the Krestetsky district (industrial) Council of Workers' Deputies), Malovishersky Industrial (Malaya Vishera, Chudovo, workers' villages of Bolshaya Vishera, Krasnofarforny, Kulotino, Okulovka, Parakhino-Poddubye, Uglovka) , Khvoininsky industrial (working villages Khvoinaya, Pestovo, Pes, Nebolchi and Antsiferovo).

Cities of regional significance were administratively subordinated to workers' settlements: Borovicham - Belgium, Zarubino, Komarovo; Novgorod - Tesovo-Netylsky, Tesovsky; Staraya Russa - Parfino. Cities of Soltsy. Kholm and the working village of Demyansk were included in the rural districts of the same name, and the working village of Krechevitsy was included in the Novgorod rural district.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated March 2, 1964, the Lyubytinsky rural district was formed from part of the Borovichsky and Pestovsky rural districts. It included the former Dregelsky and Lyubytinsky administrative districts (24 village councils and 3 workers’ villages: Nebolchi, Zarubino and Komarove).

The experiment with dividing areas into industrial and rural was considered unsuccessful. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of January 12, 1965, industrial districts were abolished, and rural ones were transformed into administrative-territorial districts, and Krestetsky, Malovishersky, Moshensky, Khvoininsky and Chudovsky districts were recreated.

The same Decree approved the decision of the Novgorod Regional Executive Committee of December 11, 1964 on the merger of the workers' villages of Okulovka and Parakhino-Poddubye into the city of Okulovka and on the transformation of the workers' village of Pestovo into a city.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of November 3, 1965, the Volotovsky district (from part of the territories of the Soletsky and Starorussky districts) and Poddorsky (from part of the territory of the Kholmsky district) were recreated.

On September 16, 1966, the Novgorod Regional Council of Workers' Deputies decided to include the workers' village of Belgium within the city of Borovichi.

In the same year, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated December 30, the following were recreated: Batetsky district from the territory of nine village councils of the Novgorod region and Nezhatitsky village council of the Soletsky district and Marevsky (formerly Molvotitsky) district from the territories of twelve village councils of the Demyansky district.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated December 13, 1968, the Parfinsky district was formed from part of the Starorussky district, consisting of nine village councils and the workers' village of Parfino. Thus, on January 1, 1969, the region consisted of 20 districts: Batetsky. Borovichsky, Volotovsky, Valdaisky, Demyansky, Krestetsky, Lyubytinsky, Malovishersky, Marevsky, Moshensky, Novgorodsky, Okulovsky, Parfinsky, Pestovsky, Poddorsky, Soletsky, Starorussky, Khvoyninsky, Kholmsky and Chudovsky districts.

On February 1, 1973, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Shimsky district was recreated. The regions of the region remain in this composition to this day. The population of the region in 1970 was 722 thousand people.

However, settlements continued to undergo transformations. Thus, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated November 6, 1975, Leninsky and Oktyabrsky districts were formed in Novgorod. By decision of the regional executive committee of October 13, 1975

the Volkhovsky village was transformed into a workers' village, and from November 10 of the same year, the Krechevitsky and Volkhovsky village councils were administratively subordinate to the Oktyabrsky district of Novgorod. Since March 28, 1977, the settlement of Pankovka, Novgorod region, has been classified as a workers' settlement. By the decision of the regional executive committee of February 5, 1981, the village of Shimsk was transformed into a workers' village.

In 1989, the division of Novgorod into districts was considered inappropriate, and by the Decree of the Presidium of the RSFSR Supreme Soviet of September 22, the city districts were abolished.

On January 1, 1989, there were 21 districts in the region. 3 cities of regional subordination, 7 cities of regional subordination, 22 workers' villages, 278 village councils. The alphabetical list of settlements in the region included 3874 villages.

In connection with further transformations, rural, town and city councils in some places began to be called administrations, and local government bodies, in accordance with the Law on Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation, depending on their own decision - Councils, administrations or otherwise.

By a resolution of the regional Duma of February 26, 1997, the Nekrasovsky village council of the Batetsky district was abolished with the transfer of its territory to Peredolsky, and a number of village councils of the Valdai district, due to a change in the location of their administrative centers, were renamed: Belsky to Krasilovsky, Zaborovsky to Bolshezamoshevsky, Luchkinsky to Kostkovsky, Sukhonivsky to Semenovshchinsky.

S. VITUSHKIN

Icon "The Sign"

The Novgorod Icon “The Sign” was created in the first half of the 12th century. According to the iconography, it is a half-length image of Oranta, on the chest of the Mother of God there is a medallion with the image of the blessing of the Christ Child. On the other side are saints (either Peter and Anastasia, or Joachim and Anna - inscriptions with their names have not been preserved), represented by those praying to the image of Christ. Over the centuries, the icon was restored many times; in 1565 it was renewed by Metropolitan Macarius. From the 12th century painting, only fragments of the blue robe of the Mother of God on the front side and images of saints on the back have survived. At the beginning of the 20th century, the icon had a massive gold frame with precious stones.

Initially, the icon was located in the Church of the Transfiguration on Ilyin Street; in the mid-15th century it was moved to the church of the same name built for it. During the years of Soviet power, the icon was kept in the Novgorod Museum; currently - in the Novgorod St. Sophia Cathedral, newly opened for worship. Throughout the 12th-19th centuries, numerous copy copies of the icon were made, which were widely revered throughout Russia; the most famous of them: Abalatskaya (1637, the main shrine of Siberia), Tsarskoye Selo (in the Znamenskaya Church of Tsarskoe Selo; considered the Romanov family shrine), Seraphim-Ponetaevskaya (1879, the main shrine of the Seraphim-Ponetaevsky women's monastery).

Celebration - November 27 (December 10).

Culture

Novgorod has always been a center of culture and art. Chronicle writing was carried out here, and literacy was widespread. Most of the famous Russian books are from the 11th-15th centuries. written in Novgorod. The history of Novgorod is colored with tales, legends, epics (about Vasily Buslaev, Sadko). D. S. Likhachev highly appreciated the cultural significance of Novgorod: “We owe it to the people of Novgorod that we are who we are, that we are Russians.” In the 13th-15th centuries. Novgorod played the role of a shield that protected Rus' from the aggression of the Swedes and Livonian knights. Novgorod did not suffer from the Tatar-Mongols, although it recognized it in the 13-14th centuries. dependence on the Golden Horde and paid tribute. From the 14th century Moscow and Lithuania sought to subjugate Novgorod. In 1397 Moscow seized the Dvina land for a year.

In 1470 Novgorod negotiated an alliance with Lithuania. In 1478, as a result of the Battle of Shelon and the siege, the veche bell was removed, and the republic finally became part of Moscow.

Battle of Shelon

Battle of Shelon on July 14, 1471, the decisive battle on the Shelon River during the Moscow-Novgorod War of 1471, caused by anti-Moscow policies and violation of the terms of the Yazhelbitsky Treaty of 1456 by the Novgorod boyar government. The battle took place on the morning of July 14 on the left bank of the Sheloni River between the mouth of the river and the city of Soltsy, possibly near the village of Skirino. The meeting of opposing troops occurred unexpectedly. The Muscovite governor, Prince Daniil Kholmsky, had 5 thousand soldiers, while the Novgorod army numbered from 20 to 40 thousand people. However, the poorly organized Novgorodians were unable to withstand the onslaught of D.D.’s warriors. Kholmsky. After two hours of battle, the Novgorodians were defeated. More than 12 thousand Novgorodians were killed in the battle and during the persecution, and about 2 thousand were taken prisoner. The Battle of Shelon determined the outcome of the war and the liquidation of the political independence of Veliky Novgorod.

Settlements

Batetsky district

Administrative center - the village of Batetsky

By Law of the Novgorod Region of March 31, 2009 No. 498-OZ, which came into force on April 17, 2009, the Batetskoye and Gorodenskoye rural settlements were united into the Batetskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Batetskoye.

By Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 714-OZ, which came into force on April 12, 2010, the Volnogorskoye and Moikinskoye rural settlements were united into the Moikinskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Moika.

Borovichi district

Administrative center - the city of Borovichi

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 715-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• Volokskoye and Kirovskoye rural settlements - into the Volokskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Volok;
• Zhelezkovskoye, Plavkovskoye and Rechenskoye rural settlements - into the Zhelezkovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Zhelezkovo;
• Konchansko-Suvorovskoye and Udinskoye rural settlements - into the Konchansko-Suvorovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Konchansko-Suvorovskoye;
• Opechenskoye and Pereluchskoye rural settlements - into the Opechenskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Opechensky Posad;
• Peredskoye and Pochinno-Sopkinskoye rural settlements - into Peredskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Peredki.

Valdai district

Administrative center is the city of Valdai

By Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 716-OZ, which came into force on April 12, 2010, the Roshchinskoye and Shuyskoye rural settlements were united into the Roshchinskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Roshchino.

Volotovsky district

Administrative center is the village of Volot

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 717-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• the rural settlement of Volot and the Vzglyadskoye rural settlement - into the rural settlement of Volot with the administrative center in the village of Volot;
• Volotovskoye, Ratitskoye and Gorodetskoye rural settlements - into the Gorskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Volot.

By Law of the Novgorod Region of March 27, 2021 No. 531-OZ, it was transformed into a municipal district, all rural settlements were abolished.

Demyansky district

The administrative center is the town. Demyansk

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 718-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• Zhirkovskoe, Velikozakhodskoe and Tarasovskoe rural settlements - into the Zhirkovskoe rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Zhirkovo;
• Ilyinogorskoye, Votolinskoye and Shishkovskoye rural settlements - into Ilyinogorskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Ilyina Gora;
• Pesotskoye, Bolshelukskoye, Nikolskoye and Filippogorskoye rural settlements - into Pesotskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Peski;
• Polnovskoye, Dubrovskoye and Novoskrebelskoye rural settlements - into the Polnovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Polnovo;
• Yamnikskoye and Chernorucheyskoye rural settlements - into the Yamnikskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Yamnik.

Since November 2021, the administrative center of the Ilyinogorsk rural settlement has been moved from the village of Ilyina Gora to the village of Shishkovo. In July 2021, the village of Shishkovo was also designated as the center of the Ilyinogorsk settlement of the same name as an administrative-territorial unit of the Demyansky district.

Krestetsky district

The administrative center is the town. Sacrum

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 719-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• Lokotskoye, Novorakhinskoye and Somenskoye rural settlements - into the Novorakhinskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Novoye Rakhino;
• Vinskoye and Ustvolmskoye rural settlements - into Ustvolmskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Ust-Volma.

Lyubytinsky district

The administrative center is the town. Lyubytino

Malovishersky district

Administrative center - the city of Malaya Vishera

Marevsky district

Administrative center - the village of Maryovo

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 3, 2010 No. 699-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• Marevskoye and Lipevskoye rural settlements - into Marevskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Maryovo;
• Molvotitskoye and Gornoe rural settlements - into Molvotitskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Molvotitsy.

By Law of the Novgorod Region of March 27, 2021 No. 530-OZ, it was transformed into a municipal district, all rural settlements were abolished.

Moshensky district

Administrative center - the village of Moshenskoye

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 720-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• Dolgovskoye, Brodskoye and Krasnogorskoye rural settlements - into the Dolgovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Dolgoye;
• Kalininskoye and Kabozhskoye rural settlements - into the Kalininskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Novy Poselok;
• Kirovskoye, Ostashevskoye, Baryshovskoye, Megletskoye and Ustrekskoye rural settlements - into the Kirovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Sloptovo;
• Orekhovskoye, Gorodishchenskoye, Dubishkinskoye and Chuvashevogorskoye rural settlements - into the Orekhovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Orekhovno.

Novgorod district

The administrative center is located in the city of Veliky Novgorod.

By Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 721-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Gostetskoye rural settlement and Proletarskoye urban settlement - into Proletarskoye urban settlement with the administrative center in the working village of Proletary;
• Tesovo-Netylsky urban settlement and Selogorskoye rural settlement - into Tesovo-Netylsky urban settlement with the administrative center in the village of Tesovo-Netylsky;
• Bozhonskoye rural settlement and Novoselitskoye rural settlement - into Novoselitskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Novoselitsy;
• Borkovskoye rural settlement and Sergovskoye rural settlement - into Borkovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Borki;
• Ermolinskoye rural settlement and Novomelnitskoye rural settlement - into Ermolinskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Ermolino.

By Law of the Novgorod Region dated April 1, 2014 No. 533-OZ, the following municipalities were transformed by merging them:

• Ermolinskoye rural settlement, Grigorovskoye rural settlement and Syrkovskoye rural settlement - into Ermolinskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Ermolino;
• Novoselitskoye rural settlement, Savinskoye rural settlement and Volotovskoye rural settlement - into Savinskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Savino;
• Podberezskoye rural settlement, Trubichinskoye rural settlement and Chechulinskoye rural settlement - into Trubichinskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Trubichino;
• Tesovo-Netylskoye urban settlement and Tesovskoye urban settlement - into Tesovo-Netylskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Tesovo-Netylsky.

Okulovsky district

Administrative center is the city of Okulovka

By Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 722-OZ, which came into force on April 12, 2010, the Uglovskoe urban settlement and the Ozerkovskoe rural settlement were united into the Uglovskoe urban settlement with the administrative center in the working village of Uglovka.

Parfinsky district

The administrative center is the town. Parfino

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 723-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• Lazhinskoye, Sergeevskoye, Fedorkovskoye and Yuryevskoye rural settlements - into Fedorkovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Fedorkovo;
• Kuzminskoye, Novoderevenskoye and Polavskoye rural settlements - into Polavskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Pola.

Pestovsky district

Administrative center is the city of Pestovo

Poddorsky district

Administrative center - the village of Poddorye

Soletsky district

Administrative center - the city of Soltsy

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 724-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• Vybitskoye and Nevskoye rural settlements - into the Vybitskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Vybiti;
• Gorskoye and Kuklinskoye rural settlements - into Gorskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Gorki;
• Vshelskoye, Dubrovskoye and Sosnovskoye rural settlements - into Dubrovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Dubrovo.

By Law of the Novgorod Region of March 27, 2021 No. 532-OZ, it was transformed into a municipal district, all rural and urban settlements were abolished.

Starorussky district

Administrative center is the city of Staraya Russa

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 725-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• Astrilovskoye, Bolsheborskoye, Velikoselskoye, Susolovskoye and Tulebelskoye rural settlements - into Velikoselskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Velikoye Selo;
• Zaluchskoye, Korovitchinskoye and Pinaevogorskoye rural settlements - into Zaluchskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Zaluchye;
• Svyatogorshskoye and Utushkinskoye rural settlements - to Ivanovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Ivanovskoye;
• Davydovskoye and Mednikovskoye rural settlements - into the Mednikovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Mednikovo;
• Bolshevoronovskoye, Borisovskoye, Buregskoye, Lunshinskoye and Nagovskoye rural settlements - into the Nagovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Nagovo;
• Novoselskoye and Probuzhdenskoye rural settlements - into the Novoselskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Novoselsky.

Khvoyninsky district

The administrative center is the town. Coniferous

By Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 726-OZ, which came into force on April 12, 2010, the Antsiferovskoye and Brodskoye rural settlements were united into the Antsiferovskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Antsiferovo.

By Law of the Novgorod Region of March 27, 2021 No. 529-OZ, it was transformed into a municipal district, all rural and urban settlements were abolished.

Kholmsky district

Administrative center - the city of Kholm

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 727-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• Krasnoborskoye and Navolokskoye rural settlements - into the Krasnoborskoye rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Krasny Bor;
• Nakhodskoe and Togodskoe rural settlements - into Togodskoe rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Togod.

Chudovsky district

Administrative center is the city of Chudovo

Shimsky district

Administrative center - urban settlement Shimsk

The Law of the Novgorod Region of March 30, 2010 No. 728-OZ, which entered into force on April 12, 2010, combines:

• Shimskoye urban settlement, Borskoye and Korostynskoye rural settlements - into the Shimskoye urban settlement with the administrative center in the working village of Shimsk;
• Gorodishchenskoye and Utorgoshskoye rural settlements - to the Utorgoshskoye rural settlement with the administrative center Utorgoshskoye railway station;
• Krasnodvorskoye and Podgoshchi rural settlements - into Podgoshchi rural settlement with the administrative center in the village of Podgoshchi.

Archaeological research

The main medieval monument of Novgorod is its cultural layer, reaching 9 m. Clay soils do not allow air to pass through and do not absorb moisture, water oozes through the layers, preventing the access of air, thereby eliminating the process of decay of organic residues. Products made of wood, metal, bone, and leather are well preserved. The complete preservation of the layers corresponding to narrow periods of time makes it possible to clarify the ancient layout of the excavated area. The objects found in them make it possible to understand the purpose of the buildings, the standard of living of the inhabitants, and the nature of their occupations. Thousands of log buildings have been opened. The size of the estates reaches 300-1500 square meters. m. A weather dendrochronological scale has been developed; material complexes are dated with an accuracy of up to 10 years. The oldest pavement dates back to 953. Among the things found were ships, sleighs, furniture, utensils, dishes, children's toys, musical instruments, weapons, and jewelry.

The oldest (first half of the 11th century) of almost eight hundred birch bark letters preserved the text of the conspiracy in ancient German: “Never hit him with an arrow.” Around the same time, an exquisite message from a young woman with a high social position and familiar with the literary language to her lover who did not come on a date dates back to her: “What kind of evil do you have against me that you didn’t come to me this week? And I treated you like a brother! Did I really offend you by sending you? But I see you don’t like it. If you cared, you would have escaped from under (human) eyes and come... now somewhere else. Write to me about... (don’t think that I) am rejecting you. Even if I “hurt you with my stupidity,” if you start to mock me, then God and “my thinness” (= me) will judge (you). The ceras (waxed tablets for writing) with the texts of the Psalter (ninth kathisma) and an unparalleled text of a conspiracy or sermon, found in 2000, date back no later than the first quarter of the 10th century. and are the oldest surviving Slavic texts.

Archaeological sources also make it possible to resolve fundamental issues in the history of material and spiritual culture, economics and politics. Linguistic analysis of birch bark texts led to the discovery of the Old Novgorod dialect, related to the languages ​​of the Slavs of the southern Baltic (which means the Slavs came here not from the middle Dnieper region, as previously thought, but from the Western Slavic regions). The second important observation concerns the reasons for the emergence of a boyar republic in Novgorod. Early birch bark letters showed that state taxes were initially collected by the aristocratic elite of society on the basis of an agreement with the prince, which formed the basis of its economic power. The layer of other cities preserves only a negligible part of the antiquities, while Novgorod allows us to reconstruct an almost complete picture of the life of medieval townspeople. During excavations carried out since 1932, archaeologists have explored no more than 2% of the ancient territory. All R. 16th century the market housed more than 1,500 shops, and there were over 200 craft professions. During the Time of Troubles, Novgorod suffered from the Swedish occupation (1611-1617).

Monuments of the late Middle Ages

Provincial city

Until the beginning 18th century Novgorod remained one of the major economic and shopping centers. With the development of St. Petersburg, it is gradually losing its trade and economic importance, remaining one of the centers of flax growing. Since 1727 it has been a provincial town. In the end 18th - early 19th centuries the radial-semicircular layout of the Sofia side and the rectangular one on the Trade side were streamlined (general plans of 1778 and 1834). Fragments of the historical environment and buildings in the classicist style have been preserved (Travel Palace 1771, 1828; Guardhouse). Public places (18-19 centuries, now one of the museum buildings), the monument “Millennium of Russia” (1862, sculptor M. O. Mikeshin, architect V. A. Hartman). In the 19th century, Novgorod was a place of political exile (Herzen 1841, participants in the strike movement - 1890s). Weak industry - in 1913 there were only 17 enterprises, 450 workers.

Post-revolutionary period

In November 1917, Soviet power came to the city. In January 1918 he survived the revolt of the Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks. In 1939 it had 69 industrial enterprises (ship repair, foundry, and tile factories). The number of workers (since 1913) has increased 20 times. From August 15, 1941 to January 19, 1944 it was occupied by Nazi troops. After the occupation, out of 2,532 residential buildings, 40 remained.

After the war, electrical and radio engineering, chemical, light and food industries, and the production of building materials developed. Leading industrial enterprises of modern Novgorod: JSC "Akron" (mineral fertilizers, plastics, "Transvit" (video recorders), capacitors, transistors for satellite TV, radios, telephones, equipment for diagnosing car repairs. Enterprises of the furniture, glass, food industries, production building materials. Institutes: pedagogical, polytechnic, branch of the St. Petersburg Agricultural Institute. Colleges - electrical engineering, construction, cooperative, state farm technical school. Medical, music and cultural education school. Drama Theatre. Philharmonic Society. Tourism center (tourist centers, campsites). Historical and architectural museum. -reserve with a branch - the Museum of Wooden Architecture.

According to the master plans for the restoration and development of A.V. Shchusev (1944-45), “Giprogora” (1966), the Sofia side, Peterburgskaya, Moskovskaya streets are built up with new houses, the compositional axis from the station (design by A.V. Shchusev) through the Kremlin is clearly marked, across the Volkhov Bridge, to Spas on Ilyin. During the reform years of the 1990s. Novgorod is becoming one of the leading cities in the country in terms of the number of private enterprises.

Population of the Novgorod region

The region is experiencing a slight population decline. The flow of migration is mainly aimed at moving from villages to cities. The Malovishersky, Demyansky and Poddorsky districts are losing the most population. The national composition of the local population remains virtually unchanged. According to the latest census taking into account nationality, it looks like this:

Industry

In 2009, large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises shipped goods of their own production, performed work and services in the amount of 45.54 billion rubles. In 2008, large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises shipped goods of their own production, performed work and services in the amount of 54.21 billion rubles. The main ones are: • chemical production ranks first in terms of volumes of goods shipped - 28.4 billion rubles, • in second place is the production of food products, including drinks - 10.8 billion rubles, • production of machinery and equipment - 5.1 billion rub. • production of cardboard packaging, publishing and printing activities - 4.3 billion rubles. • metallurgical production - 2.1 billion rubles.

Brief information and statistics

• The administrative center is Veliky Novgorod .
• Population 596,507 people. (2020).
• Area 54,501 km².
• Vehicle code 53.
• Time zone MSK (worldwide +3:00 UTC).
• Crime rate: 1,795 crimes per 100 thousand people (2018)
• Average salary: 28,904 thousand rubles (2018)
• Unemployment rate: 5.1% (2017)
• Average rental cost of 2 km apartment: 14,312 thousand rubles (2018)
• Pollutants released into the atmosphere: 119.0 thousand tons (2016)

Most of the territory is flat, sometimes swampy, the Ilmen Lowland, in the center of which is Lake Ilmen, the largest in the region. The region is rich in mineral and radon springs and healing mud. There are deposits of peat, brown coal, bauxite, fireproof and building clay.

The climate of the Novgorod region is temperate continental, close to maritime, characterized by excess humidity. In the north of the region there are white nights from May to July. Summer, as a rule, is not hot, spring is warm and long, winter is mild, and autumn is cool and long.

Education

• Novgorod State University named after. Yaroslav the Wise. • Northern branch of the Russian State University of Innovation - Novgorod branch of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. • Novgorod branch of the Russian State University for the Humanities. • Novgorod branch of the St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance. • Technology and Entrepreneurship. • Novgorod branch of the St. Petersburg University of Service and Economics. • Novgorod branch of the Modern Humanitarian Academy. • Novgorod branch of the St. Petersburg Institute of Management and Law. • Novgorod branch of the North-Western Academy of Public Administration.

Culture

There are museums and theaters in Novgorod

— Novgorod State United Museum-Reserve — Expositions and exhibitions on the territory of Detinets — The main building of the museum (formerly the building of the Public Places) — St. Sophia Cathedral — “Ancient Bells of Veliky Novgorod” in the Belfry of the St. Sophia Cathedral — Vladychnaya (Faceted) Chamber — Separate monuments of St. Sophia and Trade side - Church of Simeon the God-Receiver - Exhibition halls of Yaroslav's Court - Znamensky Cathedral - Church of the Transfiguration on Ilyin Street - Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin in Antonov - Church of the Nativity on the Red Field - St. George's Cathedral of the Yuryev Monastery - Museum of wooden folk architecture "Vitoslavlitsy". — Novgorod Academic Drama Theater named after F. M. Dostoevsky — Novgorod City Theater for Children and Youth “Maly”