Meet the glorious city of Kalyazin, Tver region

Gray sky, gray snow, gray gloom in the air... “The holiday is coming to us, the holiday is coming to us...” - booming in the headphones. “Yes, the holiday... It’s coming...” I mutter grayly in his tone. The off-season is a difficult time. This February morning, getting into the car, I tried to awaken in myself the right feeling of the upcoming holiday: the long weekend has arrived, which means there is no need to waste time and it’s time to go on another short trip. Today we are going to the city of Kalyazin, Tver region. Oh, just don’t tell me before going on the road that there’s nothing to see there, that all the best in it has long since sunk to the bottom of the Volga reservoir. We'll see for ourselves and form our own judgement. At that moment, the rays of the sun broke through the grayness and added color to the world, and we set off on our way.

There is such a city

Do you know, friends, that foreigners who come to Russia, almost eighty percent of them, come for tours around the cities of the Golden Ring? How many of us Russians can boast that we were there too, that we saw all its wonderful cities? Alas, we are just one of those who, on our vacation, traveled not so much throughout Russia as abroad; we are those who have not seen all the cities of the Golden Ring.

It’s time to fix this, we decided, and chose the capital of the ring, Yaroslavl, as the goal of our next trip.

It’s easiest for motorists - it’s 270 kilometers away by car along the Yaroslavskoye Highway. And along the way there are many towns with wonderful Russian names - Kimry, Borovsk, Kashin, Uglich, Myshkin, Kalyazin... Don’t drive past them with indifference!

It's decided - we'll go. Of course, not all of them, but only three - Kalyazin, Myshkin and Uglich, where we will spend the night. But here a bummer awaited us: we were unable to book a place in any of the Uglich hotels. However, this was a minor problem: in the trunk there are sleeping bags, webast and other joys of automobile tourism :).

The sun strokes the trunk of our car with bright rays - a Toyota named Dambik, kilometers joyfully rush under its wheels, fields, forests and ravines, exits and turns fly by. We turn right from Yaroslavka, then left, in an hour we will be in Kalyazin!

How to get to Kalyazin by car?

By any of two routes:

Along the Dmitrovskoye Highway to the city of Dmitrov, from there to Taldom. At Zhestylevo, pay attention - here you turn left, since the A108 going straight will take you back to Sergiev Posad. From Taldom to the village of Kvashenki, turn right. We drive to Spas-Ugol, where the road turns sharply. Continue to the Nerl and exit onto P104. From here it’s a stone’s throw to Kalyazin—about twenty kilometers.
For us, another route is geographically more convenient: along the Yaroslavskoe highway through Sergiev Posad and immediately along P104. Although, however, you can go around Posad itself, and at the intersection of the bypass with the Great Moscow Ring, turn left and get to P104 and to Kalyazin.

Eh, Russian roads, seven bends per mile... We are driving the same road along which we were supposed to move to Vottovaara together with the Crocodile. The further from the capital, the worse the path gets. In the Tver region, in some places it shakes well on bumps and holes, but we also drove on really much worse roads. So we think it’s normal, you can drive!

Funny name Zhabnya

And here comes the Volga. Ha, the mistake is not the Volga yet, but only its tributary - the Zhabnya River. Who could tell why she was given such a frog nickname? Or did it come from the buttercup-like medicinal plant toadwort?

There are cars along the shore selling fish. We stop and ask the price. And oats, that is, the catch, is not cheap these days: a small roach costs 100 rubles, a small smoked greenling costs 200 rubles... I sighed sadly - on the Western Dvina for that kind of money they bought such a huge fish.

History of Kalyazin

We turned away from the fish again to the Zhabna River. Chronicles say that at the place where it flows into Mother Volga, where the St. Nicholas Bell Tower now stands, at the end of the 12th century there was a monastery in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.

We already had occasion to discuss what monasteries were in that distant time and what functions they performed. Yes, of course, there were monks and services there, but this was only one aspect of their activity; it is also important that the monasteries were fortresses, that is, military strongholds. Under their protection, people settled nearby and settlements grew. This is how the settlement of Nikola-na-Zhabnya arose.

But little has reached us about the first of the eight centuries of Kalyazin's history. As for the Nikolsky Monastery, over time it lost its significance and ceased to exist. But in its place there was always a church with the same name. Years, fire, or raids destroyed it, but the inhabitants invariably restored it. And in the 18th century, St. Nicholas Cathedral was rebuilt in its place, which became the adornment of the entire Tver land.

About the area

K alyazinsky district

Administrative center: Kalyazin

Geographical location: Kalyazinsky district is located in the south-eastern part of the Tver region, 180 km from Tver and 176 km from Moscow on the banks of the Volga River. The area borders on the Yaroslavl and Moscow regions. The administrative center is Kalyazin.

Territory of the district: 1671 sq. km.

Population: The population of the Kalyazinsky district according to the 2010 population census was 21,688 people. In terms of population, the district ranks 13th among the municipal districts of the region. Most of the region's population of 13.9 thousand people live in the city of Kalyazin, in rural settlements - 7.8 thousand people. There are 330 villages and villages located on the territory of the district, of which two are large, with a population of 500 people or more. In 118 rural settlements of the region, from 6 to 25 people live; 101 rural settlements are home to 1 to 5 people; 57 rural settlements in the region are empty.

Transport infrastructure: the area has an advantageous geographical location, which makes it possible to use all types of transport:

• railway connections with the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, Uglich, Rybinsk; • highways “Moscow-Tver”, “Moscow-Cherepovets”; • waterway along the Volga River.

Historical information: Kalyazin stands on the banks of the Volga River. Cargo, passenger and tourist ships sail past the city of Kalyazin to Moscow along the Volga-Baltic Waterway, which unites the internal river routes of the European part of Russia into a single system and connects the Baltic, White, Caspian, Azov and Black Seas. Almost all types of transport connect the Kalyazinsky district with Moscow. The Volga River flows through the region for 56 km.

Kalyazin is one of the ancient cities of the Tver land. The first known settlement mentioned in one of the Russian chronicles on the site of modern Kalyazin was called “Nikola on Zhabnya”. It was located at the mouth of the Zhabnya River. In the 15th century, the Makaryev Monastery was founded on the left bank of the Volga, known as the Trinity Kalyazinsky first-class monastery, which became the adornment of the city, the center of its economic and spiritual life. He enjoyed the blessing of the reigning persons, as well as the appanage princes of Tver and Moscow, and always served the fatherland with his wealth. During the “time of troubles”, Polish conquerors crossed the Kalyazin land twice. In 1609, they plundered and burned Nikolskaya Sloboda and the village of Pirogovo. The following year the monastery was plundered. Rebuilt again in 1633-1654, the Kalyazin Monastery shone with its beauty and splendor for a long time.

The construction of the Uglich reservoir decided the fate of the monastery. In 1936-1940 it was dismantled and flooded along with the old part of the city. The reservoir swallowed up 2/3 of Kalyazin, 4 dozen settlements of the Kalyazin region. The historical part of Kalyazin, its pearl Trinity Monastery, St. Nicholas Cathedral and much more went under water forever. Standing in the middle of the water is one of the most beautiful bell towers in the Upper Volga region. During the Great Patriotic War, more than 14 thousand Kalyazin residents fought on various fronts. Six of them became heroes of the Soviet Union.

In the mid-12th century, various trades and crafts developed in Kalyazin and its environs: blacksmithing, pottery, shoemaking, felting, tailoring, lacemaking and others. Kalyazin was famous for its woven lace. Kalyazin lace went to St. Petersburg, Moscow, and abroad.

The Kalyazinsky district was formed in 1929, it was part of the Moscow region, and since 1935 it was part of the Kalinin region. By 1934, complete collectivization of agriculture was carried out. In 1963, the Kalyazinsky district was annexed to the Kimry district and restored in 1964.

Kalyazinsky district was visited by A. S. Pushkin (the Ushakov estate in the village of Nikitsky), comedian D. I. Fonvizin, poet V. A. Zhukovsky, teacher K. Ushinsky, artist N. K. Roerich, and many Soviet writers. Actress M. N. Ermolova lived here for a long time. V. I. Kachalov, I. M. Moskvin, T. L. Shchepkina-Kupernik visited her. In the village of Voskresensky, the famous mathematician, astronomer, theater critic and writer S. A. Yuryev was born, who created a folk theater and a school for peasant children. The writer M.I. Volkov was born in the village of Sknyatino. In 1858, Alexander Dumas stayed in the village of Elpatievo on the estate of Princess Naryshkina during a trip to Russia.

Water resources: rivers Volga, Nerl, Zhabnya, Vyulka. The area of the lakes is 2332 hectares. Peat reserves – 13 million cubic meters. 43% of the region's territory is covered with forests, of which 57% are coniferous, 43% are deciduous. The area also has large reserves of clay suitable for making bricks and ceramics. River sand is extracted from the bottom of the Volga River. Fish resources are the main basis for the development of a fish processing enterprise.

About the development of the Kalyazinsky district 2016-2017.doc

Statistics 2021

Macarius of Kalyazinsky and the monastery he founded

The Monk Macarius of Kalyazin is now little known. Meanwhile, for our ancestors this was a very significant saint. As you know, in the Orthodox Church there are locally revered saints, revered within a particular diocese or parish, and there are saints revered by the entire Russian Church. Macarius was canonized as an all-Russian saint.

A little about him. In 1400, at the turn of the century, a boy named Matvey was born into a boyar family that lived in the village of Kozhino, not far from Kashino. When he grew up, he began to ask his parents for blessings to take tonsure. But those blessings were not given - after all, their eldest son had already accepted monasticism.

Matvey's parents found a bride - a boyar's daughter - and soon married him. And the young couple had three whole years of family happiness, until the pestilence came here.

21-year-old Matvey is widowed. The misfortune strengthened his desire to withdraw from the world. He took monastic vows and became Macarius.

After some time he went to an empty place. I found this near the ancient town of Nikola-on-Zhabny, just on the opposite bank of the Volga. He built a temple in a wild forest and consecrated it in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity. But the trouble is: Macarius was mistaken, the place turned out to be not empty and had an owner - the local boyar Ivan Kolyaga.

Fearing for the fate of his possessions, the boyar planned an evil deed - to kill Macarius. But immediately after the plan, all sorts of problems and illnesses rained down on him and his loved ones. An intelligent man, Kolyaga quickly figured out the cause of his troubles. He was ashamed, deeply repented and asked Macarius for forgiveness. He forgave the would-be criminal and even pitied him. And Kolyaga was reborn after that.

After some time, boyar Ivan recovered, and having recovered, he took monastic vows. And the wise Macarius, for the edification of his descendants, added the word Kolyazin to the name of the monastery - Trinity Monastery. So that we know: the nature of people is imperfect, they can think, and even act unseemly. But! But if you repent in time, then both the life of the sinner himself and the life of his loved ones will take a different path - good and correct.

Over time, the Kolyazina settlement grew near the monastery, and then this name united three settlements - Makaryevskaya, Nikolskaya and Zarechnaya, separated by rivers. In 1775, it was given the status of a county town and given the name Kalyazin.

And the monastery became the center of the religious, cultural, and political life of these places for a long time.

Saint Macarius and his monastery

Kalyazin Trinity Makaryev Monastery

The city is rich in legends and traditions. Monastery of St. Nicholas on Zhabnya fell into oblivion long before Kalyazin was awarded city status. But in the middle of the 15th century it stood - and on the opposite, left bank of the not yet so wide Volga, the monk of the Kashin Klobukov Monastery, Macarius, settled, who founded a monastery in the name of the Holy Trinity. According to legend, the land for the monastery was donated by local nobleman Ivan Kalyaga, otherwise Kalyaz, of course, without imagining that he was thereby giving a name to the future city. This happened in 1434, and from here the Kalyazin chronology begins.

There are, of course, other versions of the origin of the name: some associate it with the Finno-Ugric word “kola” - fish, or with the Finnish “kalyaasi” - sailboat, others - with the Russian “kolo”, meaning circle. Rearrangements and replacements of vowels and consonants in Russian names and titles are not uncommon, and the city was sometimes written as “Kolyazin”. A similar story happened with Ksnyatin - this name most likely occurred as a result of a distortion of the name “Konstantin”, which was not changed in Rus', but the village standing in its place - Sknyatino - was more convenient to pronounce.

Iconographic image of St. Macarius Kalyazinsky

Little is known about Macarius Kalyazinsky: in the world he was called boyar Matvey Vasilyevich Kozhin; Having buried his wife, he took monastic vows and went to look for a place for solitary prayers on the wooded banks of the Volga. Some sources say that Kalyaga, having lost his family, became one of the monks of the Trinity Monastery, donating everything movable and immovable here. In others, the landowner allegedly plotted evil against Macarius, but, having fallen ill, he repented, asked for forgiveness and began to help the monastery.

Bishop Gennady of Tver was Macarius’s younger brother, and Paisiy of Uglich was his nephew. There are legends about the origin of the Kozhins, disputed by historians, related to their exit from Lithuania, or even Sweden, and their valiant service to the Moscow princes - however, no one questions the loyalty and courage of the ancestors of the Kalyazin saint.

Together with Macarius, seven more Monkmen came to the Volga bank and in forty days they cut down the cells and the wooden Trinity Church. On the other side of the river, next to the St. Nicholas Monastery on Zhabny, there already existed a small settlement of Pirogovo and fortifications, mentioned in the chronicles of 1339 as “Svyatoslavl Field”. From the first days, Macarius, whose modesty was more than once noted by his contemporaries, refused to become an abbot and eventually accepted this rank only in order to restore order among the growing brethren. This order was praised by Joseph Volotsky, who visited the monastery, and it was not easy to earn the praise of such a zealous and strict clergyman.

Monument to St. Macarius on Karl Marx Street (Moskovskaya)

Macarius dressed more than modestly; others laughed at him, to which he did not pay attention. He worked not just equally with everyone else, but more than others, healed the sick and possessed, and in hungry years he often distributed his bread to others and the poor. While strengthening the monastery, he transferred to it the lands he had inherited, and to them were added possessions donated by others, exchanged or acquired with donations. Great princes and boyars came to ask for blessings from the humble abbot, and once, on the way to distant India, Afanasy Nikitin knelt before Macarius, which he mentioned in his “Walk across the Three Seas.”

The abbot died in March 1483, and in 1521 his relics were found incorrupt, after which he was canonized as a locally revered saint, and in 1547, under Ivan the Terrible, he was canonized as an all-Russian saint.

The Terrible Tsar visited the Trinity Makarievsky Monastery twice; Boris Godunov visited the monastery and ordered a silver shrine for the relics of St. Macaria. In 1654, the entire family of Alexei Mikhailovich and Patriarch Nikon took refuge here from the epidemic. Peter led amusing regiments to Kalyazin, Catherine the Great and the future heirs to the throne, Alexander II and Alexander III, came to Kalyazin.

It was one of the most famous and famous Russian monasteries; It was not for nothing that in Catherine’s times it was considered one of the first-class, and the Empress herself, who was strict with the monks, donated 50 gold pieces to the monastery.

Monument to Prince M.V. Skopin-Shuisky at the Ascension Church

During the Time of Troubles, Prince Skopin-Shuisky defeated the Polish invaders near the walls of the monastery. A year later, the foreigners who had gained strength took the monastery by storm, plundered and burned, and killed the brethren and other defenders. The silver shrine of Macarius was cut into pieces and dragged away. Only the stone Trinity Church (1521) and the Boris and Gleb Church (1530) survived the fire. With the restoration of the monastery, they were supplemented by the fraternal, abbot's and viceroyal buildings, as well as the Assumption, Alekseevskaya and gatehouses, dedicated to St. Macarius, church. Construction artel led by Mark and Ivan Sharutin in 1644-1648. erected reliable walls with towers. The walls of the Trinity Cathedral were painted by 17 icon painters.

Modern panorama of the city

It became the way we see it relatively recently - by the middle of the 19th century. By this time, there were approximately 1,200 houses, 7 churches, a monastery, an embankment, piers, and 33 factories. This is what it says on the city's official website.

If you believe the statistics, then even now life here is in full swing - four schools, seven pharmacies, restaurants, hotels, there is even a yacht club, there are two operating churches in the city and there are even working enterprises. This is a garment factory for sewing work clothes, a creamery, a couple of small flax factories, and the felt felt factory, famous throughout Russia. But there are rumors that it will be closed soon.

Kalyazin is a small city, only 15 thousand people live in it. You can get around it in a couple of hours. And although it is located very close to Moscow, it is nevertheless a real Russian outback.

Life here moves slowly, roosters crow in the mornings, dogs run freely. In the summer, the roadsides are probably overgrown with tall grass and burdocks, maybe even boys are running barefoot... On the streets, like a hundred years ago, there are water pumps, people with buckets, houses with stove heating. And now there was a little haze in the city air...

What's left?

Ascension Church

The Church of the Ascension, built in 1783, belonged to the parish of St. Nicholas Cathedral. The single-domed quadrangle under a baroque dome is connected to the classical three-tier bell tower by a refectory, completed with a gable pediment, decorated in the Gothic style, and a multi-pitched roof. It is interesting that the eclectic refectory is twice as wide as the corresponding dimensions of the temple and bell tower, which is unusual for churches built by a “ship”. In addition to the main, Ascension throne, the temple has two chapels, Macarius of Kalyazin and the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God; in the middle of the 19th century The Assumption throne appeared. In the 1930s, the temple was given to a local sports club, and football was played in the churchyard, and just before the flooding, it was given to a bakery. Then it was abandoned and only in the 1990s was returned to believers, and in a very deplorable state. The restoration of the temple was undertaken by the parishioners, led by Archpriest Leonid Beresnev. Nowadays services are held here, and parish life flows smoothly. At the entrance to the temple in 2009, a monument was erected in honor of the victory of the Skopin-Shuisky militia, won 400 years ago over foreign invaders, and in 2012 the relics of St. Macarius of Kalyazinsky - they rested in the chapel dedicated to him.

House of merchants Ryzhkov

On Moskovskaya Street there are remains of buildings typical of a merchant town. On weekends, here, on the descent to the unflooded bell tower, souvenirs are sold, and on special days, festive events are held and creative groups perform.

City Hall building

The building of the former zemstvo government is occupied by a school, and before the revolution, in addition to the school, it also housed the gendarmerie and police department.

Snow-white mansion of the Korovkins

The descent to the Volga is lined with merchant mansions of the 19th century, not similar to each other. Here, in a small area, you can admire the delights of architects who turned to the order tradition of classicism (the Korovkin house with triangular pediments and pilasters cut with flutes), the Renaissance (the Lyakhov house, decorated with a diamond rustication on the frieze), and Baroque (the volutes of the pediment of the Ryzhkov house).

House of Lyakhovs

The Obukhov brothers owned a candle production. The Ryzhkovs traded in textiles in Kalyazin, Kimry and surrounding villages. The Shishkins owned an iconostasis workshop, which grew into a large factory - these iconostases were famous throughout Russia and took prizes at international exhibitions. The most wealthy were the merchants of the 1st guild, the Polezhaevs - they were engaged in the grain trade, opened a technical school in their house and did many other good deeds, and therefore the residents of Kalyazin entrusted the post of mayor to several representatives of this family in different years. Together with Alexandrovsk entrepreneur I. A. Pervushin, the Polezhaev brothers became the founders of the large Volga-Kama commercial bank, which ranked sixth among commercial banks in the Russian Empire.

House of Polezhaevs

The merchant Korovkin was also elected mayor. In addition to real estate, he owned a starch factory. Starch production for Kalyazin is just as traditional; It is interesting that this product, wet in the warehouse due to leaks or floods, was processed into powder and sold to the capitals.

Nevertheless, the Kalyazin merchants gravitated more towards classical architecture, apparently having admired the noble estates of the beginning of the same century - and such buildings dominate the development of the street. In the district, by the way, the estates were owned by the Saltykovs (the family of the great Russian writer M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin), the Yuryevs, the Fonvizins, the Ushakovs - among the latter is Vasily Ushakov, on whose order the bell tower, which has become a sad symbol of the city, was built.

One of the most beautiful public buildings in the surviving part of Kalyazin is the Kalyazin Mechanical Engineering College, now a college. It was built in 1905 for the Lower Mechanical and Technical School, which was named after its benefactor - N. M. Polezhaev. Before his death, the merchant bequeathed 350 thousand rubles to the city (in those years a horse cost ten). They allocated 200 thousand for the school, purchased the necessary equipment, and invited good teachers. They accepted the children of ordinary citizens, taught them for free, and even paid them scholarships. Graduates became qualified craftsmen, fitters, and technicians in factories, shipping companies, and railway workshops. In one of the novels, the modern Tver writer A.V. Dostavalov, having hidden the heroes of the work in Kalyazin, noticed that the townspeople were proud of the Technical School, as rarely in any regional center - of their university.

Kalyazin Mechanical Engineering College, now - College

In the architecture of the impressive red-brick building, decorated in the Russian style, three risalits stand out, as if taken from classic estate designs: the side ones, with two-horned pinnacles, and the central one, with an additional floor under a hipped roof - epancha. The two-story U-shaped building, the design of which was drawn up by academician of architecture R. Marfeld, was built under the direction of engineer N. Nikitin from red brick on a white stone base.

Ascension Church, monuments to Skopin-Shuisky, as well as fallen heroes of the First World War and victims of the Red Terror - on Friedrich Engels Street

The college is located on Lenin Street, former Tverskaya, opposite Victory Park. During the years of Soviet power, great changes occurred in urban toponymy. Voznesenskaya street, named after the Church of the Ascension, received the name of Friedrich Engels, Svistushenskaya - Karl Liebknecht, Sergievskaya - Trotsky, then Kalinin, Spasskaya - Turgenev, Troitskaya - Uritsky, Bazarnaya became Sovetskaya, Zavolzhskaya embankment was renamed Vagzhanova street, and the place where The Epiphany Church rises above the river, called Nogin Square - this prominent Bolshevik and the first People's Commissar for Industry and Trade studied in Kalyazin.

Victory Park

But Comintern Street bore its name originally. It became the main highway of the new development, the plan of which was approved in 1939. Kalyazin retained the status of a city and, having lost 2/3 of its former territory, was allocated the lands of three collective farms, the village of Stepanovo and a timber mill site. Not only architectural monuments, including temple ensembles and many stone merchant houses, but also all industrial enterprises of the city (nine) found themselves in the flood zone. More than five hundred stone and wooden buildings were subject to transfer, including private houses, public utility buildings and, of course, industrial buildings.

Shekhonsky Mansion

Zarechye, the trans-river part of the city on the high bank of Zhabnya, introduces the traveler to other architectural and historical sights of the ancient city. On Vagzhanova Street, a small one-story mansion of representatives of the ancient family of Yaroslavl princes Shekhonsky, with garlands, pilasters, half-columns and other elements of baroque-classical decor, has been preserved.

Vvedenskaya Church

Another significant monument is the zemstvo hospital on nearby Turgenev Street (1867), built in imitation of the Romanesque style. Not a city, but a guide to architectural forms.

Zemstvo hospital building

Not far away, on Polevaya Street, there is the elegant tented Vvedenskaya Church (1882) with a hipped bell tower. Its ensemble, including the fence with the Holy Gates, is in excellent condition. The tented churches of the 19th century, of course, differ markedly from their predecessors from the times of the last Rurikovichs and the first Romanovs. Their tents do not rise so high to the sky; they are lower, but no less solemn. And here in the decor we see kokoshnik belts and profiled friezes.

How we see him now

“Where should we turn?” - Sanya asks me. Where... On the street going down to the Volga, there are a lot of tightly parked tourist buses and cars. Finally, there was a place for us - right behind the bronze monument to Macarius. Behind the saint is a plain under a snowy gray-lilac blanket - a frozen reservoir and a bell tower. A stream of people streams past the “No Trespassing on Ice” sign.

It once stood on the high bank of the river in the very center of the city. It's hard to believe - but it's true. The bell tower belonged to the central St. Nicholas (Nicholas) Cathedral of the 18th century, of which nothing remains.

Nearby there were noisy shopping arcades, roads ran from the market square and on the streets there were a huge number of merchant mansions - by the end of the 19th century there were a little more than two hundred of them in the city - beautiful, two-story, stone. And opposite stood the extraordinary beauty of the Trinity Makarievsky Monastery.

Near the monument, a small parody of an ancient trading square, there is a market with Kalyazin’s tourist goods: scarves, clay crafts, jars of honey, souvenir plates, magnets, books, dolls and other rubbish that travelers are so greedy for. Whether it’s a plate or a magnet, everyone will buy something and take it away as a souvenir.

We walked around, took a closer look, and asked the price, especially for honey, which Sanya is a big hunter and lover of. We walk, but don’t lose sight of the bell tower.

Historic mansions

Although the historical part of the city of Kalyazin was flooded, fortunately, the former Moskovskaya Street, now Karl Marx Street, on which the ancient mansions of wealthy citizens are located, has been preserved. They help restore the image of Kalyazin before the flooding and take tourists into the atmosphere of the city’s historical past.

House of merchants Semyonovs

Address - st. Karl Marx, 6.

The Semenovs were the owners of a starch factory and the largest landowners in the city of Kalyazin. This building was erected in the 19th century. At that time, the eclectic architectural style was in fashion, expressed in the intricate decoration of the facade and window frames of various shapes.

House of the Korovkin merchants

Address - st. Karl Marx, 8.

The Korovkins were large homeowners and landowners. In addition, Korovkin I.A. served as mayor of the city from 1898 to 1917.

Their mansion is one of the most famous buildings. It was built in the early 19th century and is stunningly beautiful. The central windows, decorated with original frames, located under the pediment, painted with fancy patterns, attract the attention of city guests.

After the revolution, the Kalyazin Emergency Committee was located in the house; later a junior school was organized here, then an orphanage and, finally, an evening school.

House of merchants Ryzhkov

Address - st. Karl Marx, 1.

House of Merchants Lyakhovs

Address - st. Karl Marx, 12/15.

This is a stunningly beautiful building from the mid-19th century. At the very beginning of the 20th century, it was bought from the Lyakhov merchants by the city treasury and given over to the city duma. From 1908 to 1918 it housed a women's gymnasium, and today the Kalyazin Pedagogical School operates there.

Kalyazin College named after. Polezhaeva

Address - st. Lenina, 36.

In 1903, Kalyazin opened its own school. Its building was built according to the design of the architect R.R. Marfeld through the means of the merchant N.M. Polezhaeva. It is shaped like the letter “P” with a complex asymmetrical composition.

Many craftsmen of different specialties took part in the construction and, according to the then existing tradition, several gold coins were placed in the corners.

In 1933, the school changed its status and became an industrial Polytechnic College. During the war, defense products were produced in the workshops of the technical school. Now it is a college that graduates specialists in various fields: from accountants to computer scientists.

Former city hall building

Address - st. Karl Marx, 22/20.

It was erected in 1881-1883. as the Public House, where the city's public institutions, such as the police department, the zemstvo government and the city school, were gathered.

The building was built in a mixture of romanticism and classicism styles and stands out among the buildings of Kalyazin with an unusual observation tower that served as a fire tower. Today it is used as a high school.

Do you know any interesting regional expressions?

We stopped near a female tour guide waiting for her group. Sanya asks her: “Are the rest of the monastery buildings visible in the summer? Or just this one bell tower? Many people write that when there is a lot of shallowing, domes come out from under the water and walls appear?”

“No, all this is fantasy,” the sweet woman answers us, “There is nothing left except the bell tower. But the kids, diving, no, no, find at the bottom either a coin or a cross...” And at parting she suggested: “Make a wish and touch the wall of the bell tower - it will definitely come true...”

What a find! Thank you! TOUCH! Komsomolskaya Pravda collects such unusual local colloquial words in its dictionary of travelers around Russia. Let's give it to her - “touch it”!

Flooded Kalyazin

Karl Marx Street was once called Moskovskaya: the ancestors of Kalyazin residents were not clever with the names - they gave it away from the direction to Moscow. Lined with huge, centuries-old cobblestones, it led travelers straight to the city center.

It still leads, but to the center of the Uglich reservoir. Eighty years ago, almost the entire city, more precisely, two-thirds of Kalyazin with its entire historical center was flooded.

Flooding is a sad page in the life of this city. On the Volga alone there were 6 of his brothers in misfortune: Mologa, Puchezh, Korcheva, Vesyegonsk, Stavropol, Kuibyshev were flooded. But Kalyazin is the most famous among them.

In 1935–1940, the country had many ambitious plans. And below the city of Kalyazin they are building a dam designed to solve several problems. Firstly, to make Moscow a port of five seas, secondly, to make the Volga above Kalyazin well navigable and, thirdly, the most important thing: the leading word of technical thought of those times - the Uglich hydroelectric power station - will generate the cheap electricity the country needs. Against the backdrop of the upcoming grandiose tasks, the fate of the small town was of little interest to anyone.

And so in 1937 they began “dismantling” the old city with bulldozers and explosions. Little remains of its former splendor. The city stretched along the Volga, so it is not surprising that the most beautiful and historically significant buildings gravitated towards the Volga and were the first to fall under the flood zone. The remains of the merciless destruction were either transported to the wasteland where the modern part of Kalyazin now stands, or they were sent on barges along the Volga to Uglich.

Although there were some plans to build a city in a new place, they were not destined to come true. The Great Patriotic War interfered. After the war, other cities that fell into the zone of fascist occupation were restored, and more or less systematic construction in Kalyazin began only in the mid-70s.

They didn’t build masterpieces, of course, but rather standard, indistinguishable five-story buildings, so the soul of the city remained in small, crooked and quiet streets lined with one- and two-story wooden houses with flowers, currant bushes, apple trees and vegetable gardens.

Temples and architectural delights

Bell tower of St. Nicholas Cathedral

We are talking about the symbol and the most recognizable landmark of the city of Kalyazin, located on a man-made island in the middle of the Uglich reservoir. A path of cobblestones leads to it, called the “road to nowhere.” The bell tower was built in 1800. The peasants who erected the belfry were told: if you do something bad, you will rebuild at your own expense. And the men did their best, building a 70-meter beautiful bell tower.

In 1935, construction of the Uglich hydroelectric power station began, and the entire historical part of the city was under water. Only 50 meters of the belfry remain on the surface. It was not destroyed due to the sharp turn that the Volga makes in this place. Thanks to this circumstance, the bell tower remained as a landmark for passing ships.

There is a legend associated with the bell tower that the ringing of the bell that fell at its foot was heard even under water before major events in the history of the country. In particular, in 1941 before the start of the war. Then, for many years, people on boats sailed up to her to find out their fate. This continued until an embankment was made around the bell tower, thereby making the bell silent forever.

Ascension Church

Address - st. Friedrich Engels, 27.

It was built in the 18th century, remaining until the revolution the most beloved temple of Kalyazin residents. During the Soviet years, it was turned into a sports club, and is now being actively restored.

New frescoes appeared on its walls, and the interior decoration again became rich and bright.

A new iconostasis was installed in connection with the return here of the relics of the patron saint of the city of Kalyazin - St. Macarius, one of the most revered saints. The church also has a bell tower with new bells.

Church of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Address - st. Polevaya, 36.

It was built in 1882 mainly with the financial investments of the merchant Okhlobystin N.I., but ordinary townspeople did not stand aside and also made their contribution to the construction of the temple. The parish is not large in size, but it amazes the eye with its beauty and architecture, which attracts the attention of tourists.

For a long time, the Vvedenskaya Church was the only functioning church not only in the city itself, but in the entire region. And even during the Soviet period, it did not stop its activities and received parishioners.

Immediately after the construction of the temple complex, a cemetery was organized near it, at the southern wall of which a shrine is kept - the coffin of St. Macarius of Kalyazinsky. The coffin was made by Macarius with his own hand and was kept in the ground, not decaying for many years, until it found the relics of the saint.

Epiphany Church

Address - pl. Nogina, 1.

Built in 1781 in the most picturesque place at the request of the Kalyazin residents, residents of the Svistushinskaya settlement, located on the banks of the Volga. During the flood, they could not cross to the nearest church, located on the other side. The temple is famous for its bells, one of which was cast by the famous master Semyon Gorshkov.

After the revolution in Russia, the temple was closed and on its basis in 1920 the Kalyazin Museum of Local Lore was created. Local historian I.F. Nikolsky collected a lot of valuable historical material here. It made up the bulk of the museum's collection. Nikolsky founded the museum and directed it for 52 years.

In this museum you can see a real historical view of the city of Kalyazin. In addition, among the exhibits of the museum attraction there are many ancient church utensils, coins, works of art, and furniture. In terms of the richness of its exposition, the institution is not inferior to the best cultural treasuries of our country.

You may be interested in: 35 attractions of the Tver region

Bell tower in Kalyazin

There is no sun again, but in the huge open space there is no wind either, and this is a big plus. We just reached the bell tower, and most of the people, having flown away from it, went back. A tiny artificial island, an iron pier and the bell tower itself. We stood near it, and under our feet - under the ice - as if under the lid of a crystal coffin, the past of the ancient city slept.

A five-tier bell tower over 70 meters high was added to the cathedral in 1794–1800. In summer, 50 of its meters rise above the water.

When gusts of wind break against the bell tower, in such weather, they say, you can hear the sound of an aeolian harp here. A strong wind always sounds, but random air vibrations, passing through the tiers of the tower, are transformed into harmonious harmonies.

They left the bell tower in Kalyazin, intending to use it either as a lighthouse or as a parachute tower, but it’s good that they left it...

But now it urgently needs restoration. In the spring of 2014, the water level in the reservoir dropped so much that the bell tower was not in the water, but came out onto land. And her critical condition became obvious.

Kalyazin residents organized a collection of signatures for the inclusion of the Nikolskaya Bell Tower in the “Culture of Russia” program for the restoration of historical monuments for 2021. In order for the federal authorities to preserve the unique monument, they need to collect 100 thousand signatures. Now there are about 85 thousand of them.

Grabbing each other, constantly slipping, we walk around the bell tower, make a wish, touch the wall and go back to the monument.

Monuments in Kalyazin

In the central square of the city, near the Kalyazinsky district administration building, a monument to Lenin has been preserved from Soviet times. Any monument is symbolic. There is a traditionally high pedestal and on it is Vladimir Ilyich, out of reach of the people.

And the monument to Macarius has a very low pedestal. Because he was always close to people and in the monument he is next to us. He is depicted the way the holy founders of monasteries are canonically depicted on Orthodox icons - in one hand the temple building, in the other the pastoral staff. He stands with his head slightly raised to the sky. This is the so-called prayerful approach to God. Standing for us.

During his lifetime, the Monk Macarius of Kalyazinsky was a healer - more than 90 cases of his curing those suffering from various ailments were recorded, and now his relics help with health problems. But you can turn to a saint for any problems in life - and he will help.

The author of the monument is Tver sculptor Evgeny Antonov, member of the Union of Artists of Russia, priest. Perhaps that is why it turned out to be such a good monument.

The city of Kalyazin in the Tver region. 2021

I have long wanted to visit the city of Kalyazin, which is located on the edge of the Tver region, very close to the neighboring Vladimir and Moscow regions. An opportunity presented itself in the summer of 2021. Kalyazin is located almost on the road from Moscow to Uglich. And it was during my trip to Uglich that I looked into this remarkable town of Kalyazin.

Content

Bell tower of Kalyazin
Historical center of Kalyazin
New town
Neighborhoods of Kalyazin

Bell tower of Kalyazin

First of all, the city of Kalyazin is famous for its bell tower sticking out of the water. An important trading center of the 19th century fell under the millstone of industrialization. At the end of the 1930s, to supply Moscow with energy, the Uglich hydroelectric power station was built on the Volga.

The historical center of Kalyazin, located in the lowlands, also fell into the flood zone of the new reservoir. All the small houses were flooded by the rising water. But the standing bell tower of St. Nicholas Cathedral remained standing. Over time, it became popular among tourists and an artificial artificial island was created around it, where a pier for boats was equipped.