About the history of the city of Kaspiysk
In 1931, a decision was made to build a new plant for the production of torpedoes for the Soviet navy, 18 km south of Makhachkala, on the shores of the Caspian Sea. In the summer of the same year, among the swamps, salt marshes and dunes located between the mountains and the sea, a tent camp for workers was set up and construction of a plant with the factory village of Dvigatestroy began. The construction manager was Nikolai Fetisov, and the chief engineer was Alexander Dezortsev. The construction was personally supervised by People's Commissar of Heavy Industry Sergo Ordzhonikidze.
In 1932, the Supreme Council of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic considered a proposal to rename the village of Dvigatelstroy to the city of Stalinyurt, but in the end it was not approved. The new torpedo production plant was named “Plant No. 182”. One of its workshops - workshop No. 8 - was built in 1934-1937 right in the middle of the sea, on a stone foundation built on the seabed. Since 1966, this unusual building has ceased to be used, but it has survived to this day and rises from the sea waves, like the famous French Fort Bayard.
Stele "Kaspiysk"
In 1947, the village of Dvigatstroy was given the name Kaspiysk and given the status of a city. Its population at that time was already 20 thousand people. In 1948, Plant No. 182 began producing marine diesel engines and diesel power plants. The production of torpedoes also continued at this enterprise, which since 1966 has been called Dagdizel.
During Soviet times, tests of unique equipment and weapons were carried out in Kaspiysk. In particular, ekranoplanes - half-planes / half-ships designed to destroy enemy aircraft carriers. Since 2008, it has been part of the Marine Underwater Weapons – Gidropribor concern, based in St. Petersburg.
Another Soviet enterprise that has been operating in the city of Kaspiysk since 1959 and survived the devastation of the 1990s is the Caspian Precision Mechanics Plant. It produces gas control units and filters, as well as military products for the Russian Navy.
Old mermaid statue near the embankment
The city of Kaspiysk was included in the category of single-industry municipalities of the Russian Federation (monotowns) with the most difficult socio-economic situation.
In April 2021, a decision was made to build a new main base of the Caspian Military Flotilla in Kaspiysk - instead of Astrakhan, where it was located in all previous years, construction of coastal infrastructure and housing for officers and sailors was launched.
Kaspiysk on the map of Russia, geography, nature and climate
The city of Kaspiysk on the map of Russia is located on the coast of the sea of the same name. It is located approximately 17 km south of Makhachkala. The winter here is relatively warm and mild. In the harshest months, the air temperature rarely drops below -8 C. Humid and frosty winds from the sea cause discomfort. In February, even -5 C feels like -10 C here. But there may be about 5-7 such severe days a year or not at all. Snow is an extremely rare occurrence. There is little precipitation in winter.
The most beautiful time in Kaspiysk is spring. Already in mid-March, cherry blossoms bloom profusely here. The coldest month is March. The air temperature is +4.1 – +4.7 C. But by the beginning of April the thermometer needle shows +14 – 16 C. Summer is coming. Here it is very dry and hot. The proximity of the sea saturates the air with moisture, so the summer heat in Kaspiysk is quite difficult to endure. The most exhausting and driest month is August. Average temperature +24 – +27 C.
Historical part of the city
The most prestigious microdistricts in Kaspiysk are those in the city center (Khizroeva St., Akhmet Khan Sultana) and on the seashore (Lenin St., Khalilov St.). The “Old Town” in Kaspiysk consists of nostalgic-looking houses of old construction (including Stalinist architecture), lined with trees (including fruit-bearing ones). There are colorful quiet green streets, cozy little shops and cafes. The streets are laid out straight, without the confusion that characterizes the vast private sector. However, in general, most buildings are distinguished by shabby facades that have not seen repairs for many years. Along the embankment there is a picturesque tiled park alley with benches.
Historical part of the city
National composition
Kaspiysk is considered one of the youngest and fastest growing cities located in Dagestan. Until the middle of the last century, Russians predominated in the population of Kaspiysk - about 65%.
But in recent years, due to the massive resettlement of mountain peoples to the plains, as well as in the context of a decrease in the increase in the share of the Russian population, the situation has changed dramatically. Now the population of Kaspiysk is a very diverse national composition, in which no one nation predominates over the others.
According to the latest census, in Kaspiysk there are a little more than 21% Lezgins, about 20% Dargins, 14% Avars and Laks each, almost 10% Kumyks, 9% Russians, about 5% Tabasarans. Aguls and rutulians are also found in small quantities.
Guests who visit Kaspiysk leave mostly positive reviews, noting that in many respects it is better here than in Makhachkala, and even the beaches here are much better. So those who want to relax on the Caspian Sea often choose this settlement.
Eighth workshop - Soviet Fort Bayard
Workshop No. 8, designed for testing and shooting torpedoes, was built 2.7 km from the coastline of Kaspiysk and began operation in 1937. It stands directly in the sea, on a specially poured stone “pillow” 6 m high and on a concrete base, which also has a height of over six meters.
The total area of the “fort” is more than 5 thousand square meters. The height of its observation tower is 42 meters. The thickness of the underwater walls is one and a half meters. The workshop was equipped with an elevator to the tower, a dormitory for 60 people, a cinema, a canteen, and a library. A cable running from the shore along the bottom of the sea supplied electricity, and it also had its own diesel power station.
During the Great Patriotic War, the Germans wanted to capture this structure intact. They bombed the harbor of Kaspiysk, but did not throw bombs at workshop No. 8. The workshop was actively used until 1959. In 1966 it was closed because... torpedo production technologies had advanced far, and its use was no longer advisable. Until the end of 1976, workshop No. 8 was under guard. But on December 29, 1976, it was removed and the structure was abandoned.
Eighth workshop - Soviet Fort Bayard
Now it is in a deplorable state. Firstly, after the rise of the Caspian Sea (1978−1995), waves with massive ice floes thoroughly broke its base. Secondly, in the 1980s, shots were fired at the building from the Lun ekranoplane, an original design of a Soviet-era combat vessel/aircraft. The tower on the right side was hit and tilted slightly. Other shells hit the front part of the workshop - the firing ports, which had previously been covered so that water did not enter the workshop even during a storm. After the shelling, water began to penetrate inside and began to destroy the building intensively. And the fire that started from the shelling destroyed everything inside the workshop in a few days.
The mere sight and lack of security of this grandiose object attracts stalkers, romantics and simply curious people. Local residents will gladly take you to the old “fort” by motor boat for a small fee. Subject to good weather and no rough seas.
Plans to turn the eighth workshop into a popular tourist attraction, similar to the famous Fort Bayard, which are voiced in the republic from time to time, remain only fruitless dreams.
Embankment and City Park of Culture and Leisure named after Magomed Khalilov
Along the sea coast in the central part of the city of Kaspiysk there is a wonderful embankment with a beautiful stone parapet. It offers a picturesque view of the sea. A famous landmark in the city is a crumbling mermaid sculpture mounted on a concrete pillar. Local loafers practice their accuracy by throwing stones at it, causing the statue to gradually disintegrate.
In the park
Near the embankment of the city of Kaspiysk there is a beautiful park named after the mayor of the city, during whose work this facility was put in order. Youth and young families with children walk here, there are playgrounds, attractions, and a Ferris wheel.
View from the park to the embankment
Population
The first data on the population of Kaspiysk appeared in 1939. At that time, only 18,900 people lived here. After this, the population grew steadily, for example, already in 1959 more than 25,000 people lived here.
During the years of perestroika, the population of Kaspiysk reached 61,000 people. In the 90s, unlike most other cities in Russia, the population here did not decrease. On the contrary, the population of the city of Kaspiysk was constantly increasing.
In 2010, Kaspiysk had more than 100,000 inhabitants. Currently, the population of the city of Kaspiysk is 116,340 people.
Palace of Culture
A large monumental building in the style of Stalinist architecture, which was completely completed after the death of the leader, in 1961. Which, apparently, somewhat changed its original appearance towards simplification. Nowadays, this cultural institution also remains on the balance sheet of the plant, but practically nothing happens in it. The theater building of the building is closed, and in the second building some clubs for children are held.
Palace of Culture
Address: st. Mira, 7.
Entertainment complex "Moscow"
A modern building next to the sea embankment of Kaspiysk, which houses all the entertainment and types of cultural recreation and leisure popular in our time. This is a multiplex cinema, bowling alley, karaoke, bars, cafes and restaurants, a fitness club with a gym and a swimming pool, a sauna, a beauty salon, concert, conference and banquet halls, and a night club. This is the center of the entire cultural and entertainment life of the city of Kaspiysk. Its owner is Magomed Abdullaev, who is also the chairman of the board of the Izberbash Wine and Cognac Factory and the son-in-law of the former mayor Jamaludin Omarov. In 2014, the owner of Moskva took the post of mayor of Kaspiysk.
Entertainment complex "Moscow"
Address: st. Khalilova, 12a.
"First Gallery" in the RusHydro building
The art “First Gallery” was founded in Dagestan in 1998, in Makhachkala. And in 2009, she moved to a new building and became a trustee of this cultural organization. Exhibitions of Dagestan artists are organized in the gallery halls.
"First Gallery" in the RusHydro building
Address: st. Khalilova, 5.
Routes on the map of Kaspiysk. Transport connection
The main roads of the city are clearly visible on the satellite map of Kaspiysk:
- Kaspiysk-Babayurt - length of the route is 149 km;
- Makhachkala-Kaspiysk (recently completed construction) - the length of the route is 19 km;
- Kaspiysk-Mozdok - the length of the route is 295 km.
The main types of transport are taxis and minibuses. The suburbs are served by trolleybuses No. 12 and 3. Until 2015, there was no public transport in the city. Starting in February, the city administration began to take care of laying out new routes. It does not have its own large bus stations or railway stations. But on the other hand, the long North Caucasus Railway runs through the city. The nearest major stations and airport are in Makhachkala.
Monuments in Kaspiysk recognized as cultural heritage sites
In the historical center of the city there are several monuments erected in Soviet times and recognized as objects of cultural heritage of regional significance. They are located close to each other, so you can explore them in one short walk. On Lenin Square, the main square of the city, there is a monument to the leader of the proletariat and the creator of the USSR. In front of the Dagdizel Palace of Culture there is a monument to Sergei Kirov (1950). There is also a monument to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War on the square.
Monument to Kirov
On the territory of educational institutions there are monuments and busts to the Heroes of the Soviet Union: Magomed Gadzhiev (installed in 1985) - near the city gymnasium; Alexander Nazarov (at school No. 2); Akhmet Khan Sultan (1990) - at school No. 8; Magomed-Zagid Adbulmananov (at the first vocational school). On the square since 1970 there has been a monument to the pioneers of this enterprise and the entire city.
Memorials to the victims of the terrorist attacks of November 16, 1996 and May 9, 2002
On November 16, 1996, at night, a powerful explosive device was detonated, which brought down part of a nine-story panel building on Lenin Street, 58. As a result of this attack by Islamic terrorists, 64 people were killed (of which 17 were border guards, the rest were mostly women and children, members of their families and relatives). The damaged house was dismantled, and in its place a memorial stele and slabs with the names of people killed by terrorists were installed.
On May 9, 2002, a terrorist attack was committed by Islamic extremists on Mira Avenue during a parade dedicated to Victory Day. As a result of the explosion of an MON-90 anti-personnel mine, reinforced with a landmine with destructive elements, 43 people were killed (20 military and 23 civilians, including 13 children), and about 120 people were injured.
Memorials to the victims of the May 9, 2002 terrorist attack
The monument at the site of this explosion was erected a year after the atrocity of the Caucasian Wahhabis. The monument consists of two broken arches made of black granite. The names of all those killed during the terrorist attack are engraved on the base of the monument.
Links[edit]
Notes[edit]
- Office of the Assembly of Deputies of the City District
- Calculated from the database of municipalities of the Russian Federation for 2008
- ^ a b Federal State Statistics Service (2011). All-Russian Population Census 2010. Volume 1 [All-Russian Population Census 2010, vol. 1]. All-Russian Population Census 2010 [All-Russian Population Census 2010] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- "26. The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2021". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
- ^ abc Law No. 16
- ^ abc Law No. 6
- "On the Calculation of Time". Official Internet portal of legal information
. June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2021. - Post office. Information and computing center of OASU RPO. ( Post office
).
Search for postal service objects ( postal Search for objects
) (in Russian) - https://www.rian.ru/history/20061116/55683149.html
- "Archival copy". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2021.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑
Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (May 21, 2004). The population of the Russian Federation, cities of the Russian Federation as part of federal districts, urban settlements, settlements, settlements, settlements is 3 thousand or more people. [Population of Russia, its federal districts , subjects of the Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - administrative centers and rural settlements with a population of more than 3000 people] (XLS). All-Russian Population Census of 2002 [All-Russian Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). - All-Union Population Census of 1989 Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Regions and Districts, Territories, Regions, Urban Settlements and Village District Centers [All-Union Population Census of 1989: Current Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Regions and Districts, Territories, Regions , districts, urban settlements and villages performing the functions of district administrative centers]. All-Union Population Census of 1989 [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics [Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 - via Demoscope Weekly
. - https://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rndaghestan.html
- ↑
Zhukov supports the application for the Youth Olympics in Dagestan 2018 - Dagestan's bid to host 2018 Summer Youth Olympics canceled
- "Climate: Kaspiysk". Retrieved February 27, 2021.
Football stadium "Anji Arena"
The home of the professional football club Anzhi (Makhachkala) was built in 2003 and was originally called Khazar. The capacity of the stands is 26,400 spectators. In 2011, it was decided to reconstruct it, strengthen it taking into account the strong winds that occur in this area, and increase the number of seats to 30 thousand. The renovated stadium was named “Anji Arena” and opened in 2013.
Football stadium "Anji Arena"
Address: Akulinicheva Avenue, 21.
Religious shrines: temples and mosques of Kaspiysk
Representatives of different religious denominations live in Kaspiysk. There are more Muslims and Christians here, as a result, you can see both a mosque and a church here.
Mosque named after Saida Afandi
- Address: st. Gamzatova, 5.
One of the largest mosques in the North Caucasus opened in Kaspiysk in 2013. Its appearance was facilitated by the then owner of FC Anzhi Suleiman Kerimov. The temple was christened in honor of the famous religious figure, peacemaker, fighter against Wahhabism Said Atsayev, known in Islamic culture as Sheikh Said Afandi. His life was taken by a terrorist attack in 2012. The mosque is illuminated at night, which gives it an amazing look.
Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God
- Address: st. Lenina, 1A.
Kaspiysk is a city that grew up in Soviet anti-religious realities. It is logical that there were no Orthodox churches here. A nice, neat, elegant church on Lenin Street is a legacy of the post-Soviet era.
Its construction began in 1993 and lasted six years. In 2000, the temple appeared in all its glory, and in 2002 it was consecrated in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. The consecration of the lower limit took place only in 2008; it was dedicated to John the Warrior.
See also reviews of Derbent attractions
The settlement, built as a “monotown”, has grown, flourished over more than a century of its history, and today continues to reveal its potential, demonstrating new opportunities for sports and tourism. The coastal position and proximity to the capital of the republic are important factors for the development of the settlement, which can be considered as a satellite city of Makhachkala.
Aqualand water park near the Anji stadium
Finding the most modern water park in Dagestan, Aqualand, is not difficult: it is located on the Kaspiysk-Makhachkala road, from which you can see bright signs and water slides inviting you to fly. Intended for visitors of all ages, the Caspian water park "Aqualand" offers a full range of water attractions. The pools are divided into age zones and equipped with several slides of varying lengths and heights. Artificial waterfalls and geysers have been built. There is a recreation area around the water attractions, with cafes, lawns and cozy shady places.
Aqualand water park near the Anji stadium
Sports Palace named after Ali Aliyev
Palace of Sports and Youth named after. Ali Aliyeva is a modern multi-sports indoor sports palace, named after the famous Soviet wrestler. This is the largest indoor sports facility in the entire North Caucasus Federal District. Its total area is 17 thousand square meters, the capacity of the stands is 5 thousand people. More than a thousand people can exercise at the same time in its multidisciplinary halls. The complex is also the playing arena for the Dagestan volleyball club.
Sports Palace named after Ali Aliyev
Address: Akulinicheva Avenue, 19.
