Shrines of Kuznetsk
- The Cathedral of the Ascension of Christ the Savior is the main temple of the city, founded in the mid-19th century.
With the advent of Soviet power, the temple was closed and looted, and the building was used for economic needs. In the 90s of the last century, the cathedral was returned to believers, and a long process of reconstruction began.
Today services are held in the cathedral. At the shrine there is a Sunday school, an icon painting center and a church library. The cathedral is open to all Orthodox parishioners.
- The Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was erected in Kuznetsk at the end of the 19th century. The shrine is impressive with its three-tiered bell tower and blue domes.
During Soviet rule, the temple managed to avoid the fate of most shrines in the country. From the moment of its opening to this day, the temple has served Orthodox parishioners.
- The Chapel of the Holy Martyr Paraskeva was built in the 19th century from wood near the holy spring. According to legend, it was in this source that the icon of St. Paraskeva appeared, after which local residents erected a chapel.
In the 20th century, the chapel was partially destroyed, but local residents carried out restoration work. Today everyone can visit the shrine and swim in the bath of the holy spring, as well as take holy water with them.
Where to go in Kuznetsk? Main cultural attractions of the city
- The city's local history museum occupies the building of an architectural monument of the 19th century.
Here you can learn about the history of the region in different periods. Thematic exhibitions of the museum include more than 24,000 exhibits. Here you can see household items and crafts of the local population, and even a mammoth skeleton!
The museum staff conducts excursions and also organizes folklore events and folk festivals that are worth visiting.
- The museum and memorial complex “Hill of Glory” is a monument installed at the highest point of the city. The “Hill of Glory” is represented in the form of three soldiers made of granite, at whose feet an eternal flame burns.
At the foot of the hill there is an alley with busts of heroes and memorial plaques with the names of local residents who died in the Great Patriotic War.
Next to the alley is the Museum of Military Glory, where you can get acquainted with the history of the Penza region in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945.
- The monument to the Steam Locomotive in Kuznetsk is installed in the Zheleznodorozhnikov Square.
The monument represents the gratitude of local residents to the railway, which played a significant role in the development of the city.
- The monument to home front workers is part of the museum and memorial complex. The monument was erected in honor of the workers who, during the Great Patriotic War, made titanic efforts to preserve the city.
- The park of culture and recreation is located in the center of Kuznetsk. This is any place for walks and memorable photos for local residents and city guests.
The park is equipped with alleys and benches where you can relax. For lovers of active recreation, there are attractions and sports grounds. Little tourists will enjoy the playgrounds.
After walking, you can refresh yourself in a cafe or fast food stalls. Here you can have fun with the whole family with children.
- Sanatorium "Nadezhda" is the highlight of the city. The sanatorium is located on the river bank and offers a range of services to its visitors.
Here you can not only relax, but also improve your health. The sanatorium has several profiles and qualified employees who will help solve health problems.
The Nadezhda sanatorium will delight its visitors with comfortable rooms and qualified assistance.
The history of the city of Kuznetsk from the very beginning
Industrial development of Kuznetsk
1925 for Kuznetsk was a year of revival that began in all spheres of the economy, culture and public life. During these years, handicraft industry played a significant role in the city's economy. Much attention was paid to its development.
The reason for special attention to the handicraft industry at that time was the lack of goods produced by large-scale industry. The handicraft industry was supposed to fill this deficiency.
The city's handicraft industry was varied. There were up to 5,000 real artisans in the city, in addition there were those for whom handicrafts were auxiliary. The city handicraft industry produced more than 3 million rubles worth of products per year.
The issue of rebuilding a new power plant began to be raised in the city back in 1925.
The issue of building a new power plant in Kuznetsk was finally resolved in 1928.
In July 1928, by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR, the Middle Volga region was formed, which included eight districts, including Penza, Kuznetsk, Mordovian, Syzran and other districts.
Having become the center of the district, Kuznetsk had the same administrative significance as Penza. The issue of further electrification of the city was raised at a new level. And so in November 1928, the Presidium of the Middle Volga Regional Executive Committee decided to build a power plant in Kuznetsk. Five years later, in September 1933, the Kuznetsk power plant with a capacity of two thousand kilowatts produced its first current.
In the twenties and thirties, the city's economy was characterized by an increase in the capacity of industrial enterprises based on their expansion. Handicraft artels also strengthened and expanded.
In 1928, the brick factory, for example, produced 700,000 bricks, and already in 1930, thanks to the expansion of the plant, one and a half million bricks were produced.
In November 1927, it began producing textile machines and spare parts for them. In the same year, a mechanical workshop with an area of 854 square meters was built. meters. In 1929, the foundry area was expanded due to construction.
The following enterprises played an important role in the city's industry in the late 20s and early 30s: a sheepskin and fur factory, a tannery (the main product is glue), a rope and twine factory, a mill management plant (grain processing), a city industrial plant (the main product is felt boots ), leather primary processing plant (POKS). These enterprises employed about a thousand people.
In 1937, a fur and clothing factory was added to the sheepskin and fur factory, and the plant was renamed the state sheepskin and fur factory.
Artels played a significant role in the city’s economy during this period. In the twenties, they united most of the Kuznetsk handicraftsmen, and already in the thirties they were small workshops or semi-handicraft industrial enterprises, producing mainly products for mass demand.
The 12 Years of October artel employed about 250 people. Shoes were made here. The Molot artel (about 150 people) produced beds, construction nails, and shovels. The “Fighter for Quality” artel (about 120 people) sewed and repaired shoes. Felt boots were produced in the “Red Fuller” artel (about 160 people). The Kirov Artel (about 120 people) produced rope; they also engaged in individual tailoring and clothing repair.
Other artels also worked: “Stakhanovets” (about 30 people, the main products are hard leather goods, saddlery), “Stroitel” (about 20 people, the main products are mirrors, tables), named after Chelyuskintsev (about 20 people, the main products are mattresses ), “Baker” (about 50 people, the main products are bakery and confectionery products), “Khimprom” (about 60 people, the main products are soap, drying oil, wheel ointment), “Utilprom” (about 30 people). At this time, there also existed the “Carrier” artel, the trade and production artel of disabled people “Red Invalid” and other artels uniting small groups of former single artisans.
The twenties and thirties for Kuznetsk were not only a time of economic development. During this period, truly revolutionary transformations take place in all spheres of life. Let's turn to Figures and Facts.
In 1925, there were twelve schools of the first and second levels in the city with a total number of students of 2,380 people.
In February 1925, in Kuznetsk, at the central library, a circle of friends of books was organized, then consisting of 40 people. He was engaged in distributing literature to the masses. The number of library subscribers at that time was 2,155 people.
In 1926, there were 10 literacy centers in the city (156 centers in the district). They were located at the central library, the Peasant's House and the city theater.
Large educational activities and scientific research work were carried out by the Kuznetsk branch of the Lower Volga Local History Society, created in April 1926. Its organizers were great enthusiasts of studying the history of their native land I.V. Klestov, M.I. Chinaev, S.M. Bolshakov. They were also the organizers of a scientific and industrial exhibition in Kuznetsk, which was opened back in 1923. The exhibition presented samples of industrial and handicraft products produced in the city. In October 1926, the exhibition came under the jurisdiction of the executive committee and received the name “Museum of the Local Region.” And in March 1927, the museum was named after A.N. Radishchev.
In the second half of the twenties, radioification of the city and county began. In November 1927, the first transmission of Penza radio broadcasting took place, and a year later, in November 1928, its own radio center was built in Kuznetsk. In November of the same year, the first district conference of radio workers took place.
In 1928 - after the formation of the Kuznetsk district of the Middle Volga region, instead of the newspaper “Peasant Life”, the newspaper “Trudovoy Put” began to be published - the organ of the Kuznetsk district committee of the CPSU (b), the regional trade union bureau and the city council. The newspaper was published three times a week. Its circulation in 1929 was 6,100 copies, in 1930 - 11,000 copies.
The district newspaper Trudovoy Put existed for only two years. On August 10, 1930, the first issue of the newspaper “Stalinsky Klich” was published in the city - the organ of the Kuznetsk district party committee and the district executive committee of the Middle Volga region. In 1940, “Stalinsky Klich” became a city newspaper, and the printed organ of the district party committee and the district executive committee received the name “Stalinets”.
In the thirties, several large-circulation newspapers were published in Kuznetsk. Among them: “Udarnik” at the sheepskin and fur factory, “Hammer of October” in the “Hammer” artel, “Sewing worker” in the artel of sewing workers.
In 1928, a population census took place in Kuznetsk. Its results were reported by the Trudovoy Put newspaper in the article “What the Population Census Showed” (No. 79 of November 1, 1928).
At this time the city was inhabited by 28,816 people. Of these, 13,434 are men, 15,382 are women.
During the census, the number of illiterate people is recorded. There were 2032 people aged from 17 to 35 years old, 1621 people from 36 to 50 years old, 2136 people over 50 years old. Illiterate people from 17 to 35 years old were counted as 2021 people.
The fight against illiteracy was one of the top priorities at that time. The “Down with Illiteracy” society, which then existed in the city, took an active part in this struggle. In April 1929, a district congress of this society was held, at which the task was set to eliminate illiteracy in the city and district as soon as possible. Much work to eliminate illiteracy was carried out by teaching staff of schools and workers of cultural institutions of the city.
At the same time, the city was addressing issues of developing vocational education. In 1930, medical and pedagogical schools and a veterinary school were opened.
Two years later, a sheepskin and fur technical school began operating. Later the technical school began to be called a technological school, and since 1950 - a planning and economic light industry school.
In December 1936, the House of Pioneers and Schoolchildren was opened. It has created 10 clubs and organized a children's technical station with an aircraft modeling room.
In the thirties, extensive work was carried out to improve and plant trees in the city, which subsequently largely determined the appearance of the central part of modern Kuznetsk. The alleys surrounding Karl Marx Square today and the Komsomolets cinema were founded in 1935-1937.
Until 1930, the city bazaar was located on Karl Marx Square. In 1930, it was moved to Ilyinskaya Square (the current collective farm market No. 1).
In the early thirties, blacksmiths began to actively “settle” White Lake. The construction of urban pioneer camps and recreation areas began here. The lake became one of the favorite vacation spots.
In 1931, an attempt was even made to rename Kuznetsk to Beloozersk. Evidence of this is the following document:
“Minutes No. 28 of the meeting of the Presidium of the Kuznetsk District Executive Committee dated July 29, 1931.
We heard: about the renaming of the Kuznetsk district and the regional center (info. Artishchev).
Resolved:
1) In accordance with the instructions of the regional council on the need to rename the district, rename the Kuznetsk district and the district center, assigning the name Beloozersky for the district, and Beloozersk for the district center instead of the city of Kuznetsk.
2) The regional council asks for approval of this new name for the district and its center.
Chairman Artishchev.
Secretary Shchetinkin. (Kuznetsk City Archives. Fund No. 91. Case No. 8, sheet 262).
The regional executive committee did not approve this resolution of the presidium of the Kuznetsk regional executive committee, and Kuznetsk remained Kuznetsk.
One of the most significant events in the pre-war history of the city was the construction of the Kuznetsk shoe factory.
In the early thirties, the country already had its own shoe industry - the Leningrad Skorokhod factory, the Moscow Paris Commune factory, and a factory in Rostov-on-Don. In 1934, on the southwestern outskirts of the city, where at that time there was a vacant lot, construction of a shoe factory began. At that time, for Kuznetsk it was a gigantic construction site. Before this, in its entire history, Kuznetsk had never seen such a scale of construction. The following document gives a fairly complete picture of them:
“Kuznetsk shoe factory and the progress of its construction.” (Certificate from the annual report on capital investments and core activities for 1935).
“On January 16, 1934, the People’s Commissariat of Light Industry of the USSR authorized the construction of the Kuznetsk shoe factory with a capacity of six million pairs of shoes per year and a cost of 18,750 thousand rubles according to the general estimate. The following types of footwear are expected to be produced: ashlar for men and women, chrome for men and adhesive for women. Basically the shoes will be: 50 percent cowhide and 50 percent chrome.
For the construction of a factory and other cultural and community premises, as well as ancillary enterprises, a site near the railway, a distance of 1 kilometer from the city center, measuring 27 hectares, has been allocated. The main production building occupies an area of 3 hectares, and the remaining area is provided for the placement of cultural and social premises and auxiliary enterprises.
Construction of the facilities began in February 1934, and on May 18 of the same year, the foundation of the main production building was laid.
In 1934, construction covered the following objects: the main production building, a mechanical repair shop, a carpentry shop, a fuel and lubricants warehouse, a garage, a four-story residential building for engineering and technical workers with 32 apartments, a railway line, a temporary canteen, two residential barracks, a vegetable storehouse, purchased at a distance of six kilometers from the construction site there is a suburban farm with land availability of 650 hectares.
... With the construction of a giant light industry - a shoe factory - in Kuznetsk, the former Kuznetsk, inhabited by artisan shoemakers, turned into a city of light industry. This circumstance is confirmed by the following data: Kuznetsk currently has a population of 30 thousand people. With the launch and development of the factory there will be an increase in qualified shoe workers, engineering and technical workers and employees of up to 6 thousand people. This means that all handicraft shoemakers will be forced to go to the factory. And if we take into account that for every worker and employee of the factory there are 2 family members, then the giant under construction will unite around itself a team of 18 thousand people. Thus, half of the population of Kuznetsk will be assigned to the factory, and the rest will be assigned to such industrial enterprises as a sheepskin and fur factory, a rope factory, a primary processing plant for raw materials, a leather factory, and a fur and clothing factory. The city will turn into a light industrial area.
Director of construction management of the Moskovkin factory. (Kuznetsk city archive. Fund No. 261. Case No. 2, sheets 137-141).
Subsequently, not everything turned out as Moskovkin expected, but on the whole he was right. The factory made big changes in the life of the city. Kuznetsk, from a city with a diverse handicraft industry, began to turn into a city of rapidly developing light industry.
In 1937, two sewing lines came into operation at the factory. At first, the range of shoes was limited. On one thread, women's combined shoes with low heels were sewn. These shoes were made using the stitching method of fastening with an open, and later with a closed rice. The second stream produced men's and boys' low shoes with rubber soles.
In 1939, the third sewing flow started working.
The production of chrome and textile women's shoes with medium heels began. At the same time, the adhesive fastening method was mastered. Pages: First Previous 33 Next Last
