Naberezhnye Chelny - Sights: Orthodox and Muslim shrines - Overview of attractions + Video from travelers

Sights and Naberezhnye Chelny.
Naberezhnye Chelny is a city in the Republic of Tatarstan, located on the banks of the Kama River. The city gained popularity from the well-known Kamaz automobile plant, where trucks were produced. Naberezhnye Chelny is a young city, with wide avenues, green alleys and blooming flower beds. This is a cosmopolitan city where Muslim mosques and Orthodox churches intertwine.

There are many different attractions in Naberezhnye Chelny, the names and descriptions of which will be detailed below.

Content

• 1 Architectural monuments
• 2 Memorial complexes 2.1 Memorial complex “Motherland”

Architectural monuments

Of historical and cultural significance in Naberezhnye Chelny are houses No. 58, 64, 70, 72, 76, 80, 82, 84, located on Tsentralnaya Street, and the former hospital town on Gagarin Street with the adjacent territory and buildings, the village of Elevatornaya Gora ( including the architectural and technical complex of the elevator and residential buildings (Elevatorskaya Street, No. 35, 37), a former school building), as well as the right bank of the Melekeska River. Two city buildings are listed in the state protective register as architectural monuments of republican significance - the Church of Cosmas and Damian and the Holy Ascension Cathedral. The only surviving monument of industrial architecture in the city is the Naberezhnye Chelny elevator[2]. In 2002, the elevator was included in the state security register of local significance[3].

Temples and churches

Tawba Mosque

Address: GES village, st. Central, 6 Phone: Social networks: https://vk.com/club30021698

The Tauba Mosque is the main temple complex of Muslims in Naberezhnye Chelny. This is not only a functioning temple, but also a religious landmark.

The temple was built with donations and financial assistance from Muslim states. A quarter of the costs of its construction were borne by the Central Administration of Muslims of Russia. The opening date of the mosque was timed to coincide with the 1100th anniversary of the adoption of Islam by Volga Bulgaria.

The mosque building has an unusual architectural design in the form of a walking terrace on the roof. The height of the minaret is 53 m. On the northern facade there are stained glass windows made of cast glass. The interior hall has excellent acoustics, and the interiors are decorated with white marble. The prayer hall seats 130 people.

Ascension Cathedral

Address: s. Borovetskoye, Chulman Ave., 127 Phones: , 72-67-22 Website: https://www.prihod.eparhia.ru/ Opening hours: Monday – Friday from 9-00 to 17-00

The Orthodox Cathedral of the Moscow Patriarchate has the status of the Bishop's Compound and is an architectural monument of national significance.

One of the oldest temple buildings in the city and region.

The Holy Ascension Cathedral is the third church building built here. The first was a small wooden church. The second is a large stone church built in 1872, destroyed after the revolution. Now it is a modern cathedral, restored on the site of the pre-revolutionary one.

The stone church of 1872 was called Borovetskaya (after the name of the village - Borovetskoye). The bulk of the money for its construction was donated by the merchant and writer Ivan Stakheev. The number of parishioners at that time was almost 2000 people.

After the revolution, the stone Borovets Church was rebuilt only a few decades later, at the end of the 20th century. Along with the restoration of the stone walls of the cathedral, an additional bell tower was erected, a separate baptismal church was built, and a park was developed. The building received the status of a cathedral and the name of the Holy Ascension.

AK Mosque

Address: 2nd complex, 14, Entuziastov Boulevard, 13 Phones: , +7 (855) 238-67-02 Website: https://akmechet.ru/ Social networks: https://vk.com/club17237101

The youngest mosque in Naberezhnye Chelny. It has a second name - White Mosque.

Its building houses a madrasah - an educational institution. It trains clergy - imams (men study to become clergy) and Arabic language teachers. Kindergarten teachers are also trained here (girls study). There are day, evening and correspondence departments. Modern conditions for living and studying have been created - classrooms, a library, a prayer hall, a gym and a dining room, and a dormitory.

Lectures for students, scientific conferences, and youth competitions are held on the basis of the AK Mosque. There are Sunday courses on Islamic studies.

Nur Ikhlas Mosque

Address: Chulman Ave., 110 Phones: +7 (8552) 56–85–58 +7 (8552) 56–65–99

Nur-Ikhlas is the largest mosque in Naberezhnye Chelny. The height of its minaret is 46 m. ​​Capacity is 500 people. There are two entrances - for men and for women.

Built in the 90s not far from the Pribrezhny park, opposite the Naberezhnye Chelny sanatorium. The style of construction is modern. The author of the project is V. L. Manukyan.

The Nur-Ikhlas Mosque is engaged in religious and educational activities. Traditional Muslim rituals are carried out: nikah (marriage), for a newborn child - naming, as well as namaz (appeal to God, prayer) and reading the Koran.

Temple of Seraphim of Sarov

Address: Naberezhnye Chelninsky Ave., 17A Phones: +7 (8552) 45–11–25 Website: https://www.serafima-sarovskogo.ru Social networks : https://vk.com/serafima_sarovskogo Opening hours : daily from 8 – 00 to 18 – 00

The Orthodox church, built in 2006, was erected on the site of an old pre-revolutionary church. It is located on the banks of the Kama River. The name of the old church - in the name of Elijah the Prophet - was preserved in the name of the chapel built nearby. During the restoration of the temple, the bell tower was re-erected.

Today the temple is decorated with a unique iconostasis, painted by Palekh painters. Painting style: lacquer miniature. The artists who painted the iconostasis are representatives of family dynasties of icon painters.

The temple houses an ancient icon of Seraphim of Sarov. She decorates the altar on the right. Seraphim of Sarov is one of the most famous ascetics of the Russian Orthodox Church. The temple, built in the late 90s and early 2000s, was named in his honor as hope for salvation in the difficult post-perestroika times. Today the relics of the saint are kept in the temple.

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Memorial complexes

Memorial complex "Motherland"

Main article: Motherland (Naberezhnye Chelny)

It is one of the first works of monumental sculpture in the city, located in its old part at the Studencheskaya stop. Opened on May 9, 1975 for the 30th anniversary of the Victory[4]. The author of the monumental complex is the monumental sculptor Ildar Khanov[5]. According to experts, the construction of such a structure required at least 2-2.5 years. And the monument was built in record time - in 2 months 17 days[6]. To express the idea of ​​the greatness of the people's feat, the author uses the ancient Egyptian myth about the immortal Phoenix bird. She appears to be a gigantic bird flying uncontrollably and powerfully above the surface, with the face of a woman and the body of an eagle. She blesses her children with her right hand, and holds a sword in her left. With all its enormous mass, dissected by repeated intense rhythms, the impression of powerful flight is created.

The construction and opening of the monument entailed the improvement of the entire nearby area. Over the course of six months, the nearby cemetery was put in order, tram tracks were laid, new houses were built, and the square itself in front of the monument[7].

Lake Lesnoe

Living in the city, you always want to relax in the fresh air. If you come here one day, this lake will remain your favorite place, because the wonderful beauty of nature will not leave anyone indifferent.

Here you can have a picnic, ride a bike through the forest, or work out on exercise equipment. There is also a children's playground nearby, so you can safely go here with children. By the way, there is a reason to return to the lake in winter - they organize slides with tubing.

Also, for people who prefer an extreme form of recreation, a rope town has been set up next to the lake. The Tulpar equestrian school is located nearby, so beautiful and fit horses often pass by here. Below we will tell you about the zoo, which is located at this school.

How to get there: stop Sports Palace, from there go straight towards the Kama River for 450 meters, then turn left and straight ahead for another 220 meters.

Coordinates: 55.758926°, 52.391096°

Author: plaksimovaulyana

Complex of avant-garde sculptures on Entuziastov Boulevard

It is one of the calling cards of Naberezhnye Chelny. The author is the sculptor Ildar Khanov, who worked on this complex for almost 10 years - from 1982 to 1991[6]. The complex includes such sculptures as “Confrontation” (“Family”), “Evolution” (1982), “Harmony” (1982), “Awakening” (1983), “Tree of Life” (1989), “Guardian Angel "(1991). According to Ildar Khanov’s ideas, the composition should have included several dozen sculptures. The material used for the sculptures was concrete with mosaics. Abstract forms covered with smalt do not have a clear volume and plastic mass.

Reviews from tourists

• Oksana, Bugulma

We came with my husband and children and were satisfied. There are a lot of architectural monuments. I went with the children to the dolphinarium and Victory Park and were impressed. The city is big and green, clean. We had a nice time, but we didn’t have time to see everything, so we want to come back in a couple of years, when the children are older.

• Mikhail, Samara

I’ve heard before about Chelny as a city with trucks, but that’s all. Came on a business trip. With nowhere to go on the weekend, I decided to look for a place to relax and was pleasantly surprised. Now I want to return with my family.

• Natalya, Kazan

As a child, I often went here in winter.
This summer I decided to refresh my memories and took a vacation to come. I really liked the excursion from the art gallery and the historical museum; I spent almost the whole day there and there. I was also pleased with the conditions - the city was clean, the hotel was good. Naberezhnye Chelny is a progressive city, improving every day. A tourist who knows where to go will certainly spend a useful holiday - so that only pleasant memories remain.

Monuments to the builders of the city and KamAZ

Monument to KAMAZ builders

The monument is located at the beginning of the industrial site of the Kama complex of truck factories, opposite the turn of the tram line running along Highway No. 1 to the residential areas of the Avtozavodsky district. A scraper and a bulldozer are installed on the top of a man-made hill, above which the flag of Tatarstan flutters. The monument was built in 1981 to commemorate the launch of the second stage of KamAZ. The authors of the monument are members of the famous Red Banner brigade of auto scrapers from the Kamgesenergostroy UMS, headed by the holder of two Orders of Lenin, Honored Builder of Tatarstan Umat Kambulatovich Naurbiev, who managed to unite the brigade, in which representatives of two dozen nations and nationalities of the Soviet Union worked together. Using this equipment, the Naurbievtsy performed a lot of land work during the construction of the automobile plant.

Monuments to famous city residents

Monument to Rais Belyaev

The monument is a triangular slab, which symbolizes the construction of the city, a column - the construction of the plant, and their combination symbolizes the dependence of the city on the plant. The bas-relief of Belyaev on this monument emphasizes his involvement and historical role in the construction of the city and the plant.

Monument to Evgeny Batenchuk

Opened in 2002 in honor of the former head of Kamgesenergostroy, hero of Socialist Labor, participant in the Great Patriotic War, holder of many orders and medals, honored builder of the country and the Republic of Tatarstan, honorary citizen of the city Evgeny Batenchuk, under whose leadership the city and the automobile plant were built. The monument was designed and created in a very short time by the Chelyabinsk sculptor S. Vorbiev and the Chelny architect V. Manukyan and is a bronze bust standing on a marble pedestal.

Monument to Sergei Titov

Dedicated to the director of the Naberezhnye Chelny Cardboard and Paper Mill, laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Tatarstan, holder of the Order of Honor and “For Merit to the Republic of Tatarstan”, medals “For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War” and “Veteran of Labor” Sergei Titov. Opened on September 13, 2012 - on the anniversary of his death - near the administrative building of the enterprise [8] [9].

Monument to Nizametdinov

Memorial sign to Ravil Miftakhovich Nizametdinov, Hero of Socialist Labor, Honored Worker of Agriculture of the RSFSR.

Monuments to creative figures

Memorial complex named after Musa Jalil

The monument was erected in honor of the Tatar poet Musa Jalil.

Monument to Gabdulla Tukay

One of the new monuments in Naberezhnye Chelny. Erected in honor of the national Tatar poet, literary critic, publicist and public figure. Opened on November 22, 2011 in the New part of the city, in the park near building 16/09, not far from the Ershova Street stop[10]. The author of the six-meter monument is Kazan sculptor Vladimir Demchenko[11]. The monument is a single sculptural composition. In addition to the central figure of the poet, it also included characters from his fairy tales - Shurale, Su Anasy and others[12].

Monument to Vladimir Vysotsky

The Chelny monument to Vladimir Vysotsky is the largest in Russia. It reaches a height of 9 meters[13]. The monument was erected on November 29, 2003 on the square bearing his name, near the former Kama Hotel, where the popular bard stayed for several days in 1974. This was his only tour in Chelny as part of the troupe of the Moscow Taganka Theater. Vysotsky was not only involved in performances, but also sang with constant success at KamAZ construction sites.

The monument itself is a composition depicting a cut bell, a guitar and something similar to a theater stage. The architect of the monument is Vladimir Nesterenko[14]. According to his plan, the guitar is a symbol of Vladimir Semenovich’s creative activity, the bell is a symbol of good feelings and emotions awakened by Vysotsky’s creativity.

Spring "Holy Key"

During the times of merchant Elabuga, when the bell ringing of Elabuga churches and cathedrals spread far across the surrounding area, there were seven holy healing springs around the city. Since that time, only one source has remained unchanged.

The holy spring is well equipped, capped, a chapel has been built, parking for vehicles, descent and approaches have been equipped. There is a bathhouse with a plunge pool, there is water from an underground spring, where you can swim on hot summer days, but be careful - the water is cold.

This is a quiet, calm place to unite with yourself and your thoughts. Here you can feel all the charm of living, pure nature, admire the views of our region and take beautiful photographs that will delight you for a long time.

Where and how to get there: 22 km from the city towards Elabuga. The spring is located on the southern edge of the Maly Bor forest of the Nizhnyaya Kama National Park, 3 km east of the city of Yelabuga.

Obelisks

Obelisk to the residents of the village of Borovetskoye who fell in the Great Patriotic War

Opened on the eve of Victory Day in 2011 in memory of the residents of the village of Borovetskoye who fell in the Great Patriotic War. The monument was erected opposite the Holy Ascension Cathedral. A new monument, lined with granite tiles and decorated with a victory star, was erected to replace the old one, which existed opposite the Ascension Cathedral for several decades[15].

Obelisk to fallen soldiers in the Great Patriotic War in the village of Orlovka

The builders of Chelnygorstroy, in memory of the fallen residents of the village of Orlovka during the Civil and Patriotic War, built a memorial sign in the form of fire. The hill on which the Memorial Sign is erected resembles a five-pointed star, from which a flame made of red granite shoots out. 186 names of the fallen are carved on the stone. Author and artist of the stone processing plant Platon Zakharchuk.

The First US Census, the Potsdam Conference and FC Porto

On August 2, 1790, the results of the first census in the United States were summed up. She showed that at that time there were 3,929,326 people living in the country, of whom 697,681 were slaves. Census results for Delaware, Georgia, New Jersey, Virginia pants were lost between 1790 and 1830.

On August 2, 1812, a plague epidemic began in Odessa after the conclusion of a peace treaty between the Russian and Ottoman empires. Trade became free, and a large number of commercial ships from Turkish ports poured into the port of Odessa. By December 31, 1812, 4,038 people fell ill with the plague in the city, 2,632 died, that is, Odessa lost every 9th resident.

Photo wikipedia.org

On August 2, 1824, Fifth Avenue opened in New York. This street is rightfully considered one of the most famous in the city, because it is on it that many famous buildings, museums and shops of the city are located. The street crosses Manhattan from Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village, running along the eastern border of Central Park to 142nd Street at the Harlem River. And the stretch of Fifth Avenue between 34th and 60th streets is one of the largest and most expensive shopping areas in the world, featuring stores of all famous brands of clothing, shoes, perfumes and luxury goods.

On August 2, 1906, the Porto football club was created in Portugal. This team was one of the most titled and successful clubs in the country. Porto, along with Benfica and Sporting Lisbon, form the Big Three in Portugal. In August 1906, José Monteiro da Costa, who also regularly visited England, took over the club. For the sake of his idea, he refused a position in the management of the Grupo do Destino health club, which enjoyed government financial support. Within a few months, the club's staff, charter, board of directors were created, and minor sections of athletics, boxing, cricket, tennis and water polo appeared. Porto has won 71 national titles: 29 domestic league victories, 21 Portuguese Cups and a record 21 Portuguese Super Cups.

Photo wikipedia.org

On August 2, 1945, the Berlin (Potsdam) conference of the leaders of the three allied powers - the USSR, the USA and Great Britain - ended. It occupies a special place in world history. On the agenda were issues of the peaceful post-war structure of Europe, in particular, the procedure for preparing peace treaties with former enemy states. To resolve these issues, the Potsdam Conference, taking into account some amendments from the USSR delegation, approved the draft of the American delegation on the establishment of the Council of Foreign Ministers (CMFA). This body included the heads of the foreign affairs departments of the USSR, Great Britain, the USA, France and China - permanent members of the UN Security Council. The primary task assigned to the Council of Foreign Ministers was the drafting of peace treaties for Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland. In addition, the Council was entrusted with the preparation of documents on a peace settlement for Germany, which the German government would accept after its formation.

Alexey Nechaev
SocietyHistory Tatarstan

Transport monuments

Monument to a tram car

A monument to the model 71-605 car produced by the Ust-Katav Carriage Works, which opened tram traffic in Naberezhnye Chelny on October 8, 1973, was installed on the territory of the city tram depot - Elektrotransport LLC[16]. Inside the carriage there is a mini-exhibition on the history of tram traffic.

Monument to a fire truck

Opened July 1, 2011. The monument is dedicated to the first fire truck ZIS-5, which entered service with Naberezhnye Chelny firefighters. This vehicle has been in service with the city's fire brigade since 1950. The monument is located in front of the building of Fire Station-56 of the 15th FPS detachment. The opening of the monument was timed to coincide with the thirtieth anniversary of the formation of the militarized fire department in Naberezhnye Chelny[17][18].

Notes

1. [old.nabchelny.ru/museum/okhrana_pamiatnikov/2010-04-12/o_sokhranenii_obektov_kulturnogo_naslediia On the preservation of cultural heritage sites of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny](inaccessible link - history
   ). www.old.nabchelny.ru. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
2. V. Ermakov.
   [v-chelny.ru/news/istoriya-stroitelstva-chelninskogo-elevatora/ History of the construction of the Chelninsky elevator]. Evening Chelny (September 29, 2004). Retrieved February 24, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6FJjxoJDI Archived from the original on March 23, 2013].
3. [chelni.info/elevator-chelny.php Naberezhnye Chelny elevator: history]. www.chelni.info. Retrieved February 24, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6FJjza6TX Archived from the original on March 23, 2013].
4. [moi.nabchelny.ru/index.php?option=com_joomgallery&func=detail&id=353&Itemid=8 Photo gallery “My Chelny”: Memorial complex “Motherland”]. www.moi.nabchelny.ru. Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6FizqxS3j Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
5. Lyudmila Pakhomova.
   [elabuga.com/hall/_hanov_fenomen.html The phenomenon of Ildar Khanov]. www.elabuga.com (August 16, 2011). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6FizriSGZ Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
6. ↑ 1 2 Elmira Yakovleva.
   [v-chelny.ru/news/luchshie-pamyatniki-i-skulpturi-goroda/ The best monuments and sculptures of the city]. Evening Chelny (June 23, 2004). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6FizsZIN3 Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
7. Olga Arminen.
   [www.chelnyltd.ru/obshchestvo/chelovechishche Humanity]. Chelny LTD (May 10, 2011). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6FizuKCmH Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
8. [www.chelnyltd.ru/obshchestvo/otkrit_pamyatnik_titovu A monument to Titov was unveiled]. Chelny LTD (September 13, 2012). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6Fizx89b3 Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
9. [www.stv-media.ru/about/news/detail.php?ID=9934 A monument to Titov was unveiled in the city]. www.stv-media.ru (September 13, 2012). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6Fizzkd5e Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
10. [www.chelnyltd.ru/novosti/Otkrit_pamyatnik_Tukayu A monument to Tukayu was unveiled]. Chelny LTD (November 22, 2011). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6Fj01Lexx Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
11. [www.chelny-izvest.ru/facts/4795.html A monument to Tukay was unveiled in Chelny]. Chelny news (November 23, 2011). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6Fj04wYse Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
12. [www.stv-media.ru/about/news/detail.php?ID=5803 The monument to Gabdulla Tukay was unveiled in Chelny]. www.stv-media.ru (November 22, 2011). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6Fj09dTHg Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
13. [www.komandirovka.ru/dostoprim/detail.php?ID=124783220 Description of attraction: Monument to Vladimir Vysotsky]. www.komandirovka.ru. Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6Fj0BRidh Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
14. [chelny-guide.info/city/pamyatniki/402-pamyatnik-vladimiru-vysockomu.html Sights of Naberezhnye Chelny: Monument to Vladimir Vysotsky]. chelny-guide.info. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
15. [www.pravchelny.ru/pnews/?ID=2313 A monument was unveiled on Borovetsky Boulevard.]. www.pravchelny.ru (May 6, 2011). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6Fj0CuXCM Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
16. [transphoto.ru/vehicle/100341/ Naberezhnye Chelny, tram car No. 1]. Transphoto.ru. Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6Fj0ESvnf Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
17. Svetlana Malakaeva.
    [www.edinstvo-news.ru/gorod-i-gorozhane.-stati/1279-relikviya-na-postamente.html Relic on a pedestal]. www.edinstvo-news.ru (July 7, 2011). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6Fj0FuDyx Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].
18. [federalpolit.ru/govbody/mchs-1680/news/154400292/ An unusual monument was unveiled in Naberezhnye Chelny for the 30th anniversary of the 15th detachment of the Federal Fire Service in the Republic of Tatarstan]. www.federalpolit.ru (July 4, 2011). Retrieved March 10, 2013. [www.webcitation.org/6Fj0H4zYC Archived from the original on April 8, 2013].

Parks, buildings, entertainment

Pribrezhny Park

Address: intersection of Hasan Tufan Ave. and st. Raskolnikova Opening hours: 24 hours a day

“Pribrezhny” is the largest city park in Naberezhnye Chelny. It is conventionally divided into three zones: coastal, forest-park and central (boulevard).

The main part of the park was planted to protect the city from the winds. Today it looks like a real coniferous forest with a lake in the middle. Rope crossings are strung between the trunks of pine trees - this is the Tarzan rope park.

In the summer, many kilometers of bicycle routes operate within the park. In winter there are ski slopes. One of them is stretched across the lake. Bicycle and ski marathons are held. There are bicycle and cross-country ski rentals, and tubing. The park is illuminated for evening entertainment.

There is a central square - Maidan, where concerts and celebrations are held. It can accommodate up to 15 thousand people. There is a hippodrome with an equestrian school. And access to the shore and a developed beach.

Park of Culture and Recreation

Address: per. Parkovy, 9a and Mira Ave., 81 Phone: +7 (8552) 570-746 Website: https://www.park-chelny.ru/about/ Opening hours: Monday - Sunday from 9-00 to 22-00

The Park of Culture and Recreation was founded in 1972 on the territory of a forest belt on the outskirts of the city. Today it consists of two park areas with a total area of ​​11 hectares. It has 3 stage areas and 78 attractions - children's, family, extreme.

Victory Park

Address: Mira Ave., 21 7 Phone: , +7 960-068-58-26 (administrator) Social networks: https://vk.com/park_pobedy_chelny Opening hours: May – September from 10-00 to 22-00, October – April from 10-00 to 20-00. Ferris wheel cost: 200 rub. adult, 150 rub. child under 9 years old.

Victory Park opened in 1975. There are 7 hectares of territory and 50 attractions. The most popular park in Naberezhnye Chelny, awarded at All-Russian exhibitions for landscaping and landscaping. One of the ten best amusement parks in Russia.

There are 3 stage areas on the territory of the park, there is a zone of military equipment (tank, cannon, howitzers), and a new Ferris wheel built in 2016.

Dolphinarium

Address: Naberezhnye Chelny, hydroelectric power station village, st. Tukay Embankment, 121 Phone: , 8-800-707-45-47 (toll-free) Website: https://delfinariy-chelny.ru/ Opening hours: Tuesday – Sunday from 9-00 to 19-00, closed on Sunday . The cost of tickets is determined by the program: the minimum cost is from 800 rubles. adult, from 600 rub. children 7-17 years old, from 500 rub. children 3-7 years old, children under 3 years old free.

The only stationary dolphinarium in the Volga region. Accommodates 350 visitors at a time. There are our own dolphin cubs here, born in the bowl of the pool.

Here they show the performance of sea animals, traditional for aqua zoos - dolphins, sea lions, fur seals.

The dolphinarium hosts educational classes and excursions, wedding photo shoots, birthdays, and shows.

Grenada Park

Address: New City, Moskovsky Ave., 104A Website: https://vk.com/nch.extreme.park

Grenada Park was opened relatively recently, in 2012. Received the status of an extreme park.

There is a parkour area, a climbing wall, and a rope course. There are fields for volleyball, basketball, football, and exercise equipment. For children and teenagers there is a foam pit and a paramilitary strip. There is also a special track - a bump track with holes, bumps and a slope - for cyclists and fans of radio-controlled models.

In Grenada Park they conduct:

• bike show;
• street racing;
• car racing;
• truck racing.

There is also a karting rental, bars and discos.

Azatlyk Square

Address: Hassan Tufan Ave., sq. Azyltyk

Azatlyk, or Freedom Square, is the largest square in Naberezhnye Chelny, the venue for the main city holidays. The Santa Claus Parade, Maslenitsa celebrations, and morning yoga for city residents are held here. In winter, skate rentals are available. Souvenirs are sold all year round.

City Beach

Address: New City, Pribrezhny Park Phone:

The central city beach is located near Pribrezhny Park. For a quality and relaxing holiday, work has been carried out to clean the bottom, toilets have been installed, there is a first-aid post, and there is a rescue post.

Russian Drama Theater "Masters"

Address: st. Academician Rubanenko, 7 Phone: (sales service) Website: https://russdramteatr.ru/index.php/ru/ Social networks: https://vk.com/rusdramteatr Cost: from 550 rubles. depending on the performance

The name of the theater – “Masterovye” – is connected with its history. In the first production (1975), not professional artists worked, but workers. This was the thesis work of the future director of the theater, Yuri Mikhailovich Kolesnikov, a graduate of the Moscow Institute of Culture.

The current composition of the theater group is graduates of the Kazan and St. Petersburg Academy of Culture and Theater School. Among them are the main director Denis Khusniyarov, artistic director Valentin Yaryukhin. Artists: Evgeny Fedotov, Evgeny Gladkikh, Anna Dunaeva (Academy of Culture in St. Petersburg), Alexandra Olvina, Alexandra Petrova, Alexey Ukhov (Kazan Theater School).

Among the productions are classic and modern. Plays based on the works of Gorky, Schwartz, Kipling, Bulgakov, Nabokov. Among the theater’s most famous productions are: “The Tricks of Scapin” (based on the play by Jean Baptiste Molière), “The Event” (based on the story by Vladimir Nabokov), “Kruglyansky Bridge” (based on the story by Vasily Bykov), “Two Arrows” (based on the play by Alexander Volodin).

The theater also hosts festive performances and performances for the New Year.

An excerpt characterizing the Monuments of Naberezhnye Chelny

The old Prince Nikolai Andreich Bolkonsky in December 1805 received a letter from Prince Vasily, informing him of his arrival with his son. (“I’m going on an inspection, and, of course, it’s not a 100-mile detour for me to visit you, dear benefactor,” he wrote, “and my Anatole is seeing me off and going to the army; and I hope that you will allow him to personally express to you the deep respect that he, imitating his father, has for you.”) “There’s no need to take Marie out: the suitors themselves are coming to us,” the little princess said carelessly when she heard about this. Prince Nikolai Andreich winced and said nothing. Two weeks after receiving the letter, in the evening, Prince Vasily’s people arrived ahead, and the next day he and his son arrived. Old Bolkonsky always had a low opinion of the character of Prince Vasily, and even more so recently, when Prince Vasily, during the new reigns under Paul and Alexander, went far in rank and honor. Now, from the hints of the letter and the little princess, he understood what was the matter, and the low opinion of Prince Vasily turned in the soul of Prince Nikolai Andreich into a feeling of malevolent contempt. He snorted constantly when talking about him. On the day Prince Vasily arrived, Prince Nikolai Andreich was especially dissatisfied and out of sorts. Was it because he was out of sorts that Prince Vasily was coming, or because he was especially dissatisfied with the arrival of Prince Vasily because he was out of sorts; but he was not in a good mood, and Tikhon in the morning advised against the architect coming in with a report to the prince. “Can you hear how he walks,” said Tikhon, drawing the architect’s attention to the sounds of the prince’s steps. - He steps on his entire heel - we already know... However, as usual, at 9 o’clock the prince went out for a walk in his velvet fur coat with a sable collar and the same hat. It snowed the day before. The path along which Prince Nikolai Andreich walked to the greenhouse was cleared, traces of a broom were visible in the scattered snow, and a shovel was stuck into the loose mound of snow that ran on both sides of the path. The prince walked through the greenhouses, through the courtyards and buildings, frowning and silent. - Is it possible to ride in a sleigh? - he asked the venerable man who accompanied him to the house, similar in face and manners to the owner and manager. - The snow is deep, your Excellency. I already ordered it to be scattered according to the plan. The prince bowed his head and walked up to the porch. “Thank you, Lord,” thought the manager, “a cloud has passed!” “It was difficult to get through, your Excellency,” added the manager. – How did you hear, your Excellency, that the minister will come to your Excellency? The prince turned to the manager and stared at him with frowning eyes. - What? Minister? Which minister? Who ordered? – he spoke in his shrill, harsh voice. “They didn’t clear it for the princess, my daughter, but for the minister!” I have no ministers! - Your Excellency, I thought... - You thought! - the prince shouted, pronouncing the words more and more hastily and incoherently. – You thought... Robbers! scoundrels! “I will teach you to believe,” and, raising a stick, he swung it at Alpatych and would have hit him if the manager had not involuntarily deviated from the blow. - I thought so! Scoundrels! – he shouted hastily. But, despite the fact that Alpatych, himself frightened by his audacity to dodge the blow, approached the prince, obediently lowering his bald head in front of him, or maybe that’s why the prince continued to shout: “scoundrels! throw up the road! He didn’t pick up his stick another time and ran into the rooms. Before dinner, the princess and M lle Bourienne, who knew that the prince was out of sorts, stood waiting for him: M lle Bourienne with a beaming face that said: “I don’t know anything, I’m the same as always,” and Princess Marya - pale, frightened, with downcast eyes. The hardest thing for Princess Marya was that she knew that in these cases she had to act like m lle Bourime, but she could not do it. It seemed to her: “If I act as if I don’t notice, he will think that I have no sympathy for him; I’ll make it look like I’m boring and out of sorts, he’ll say (as it happened) that I’m hanging my nose,” etc. The prince looked at his daughter’s frightened face and snorted. “Dr... or stupid!...” he said. “And that one is gone! They were already gossiping about her too,” he thought about the little princess, who was not in the dining room. -Where is the princess? - he asked. “Hiding?...” “She’s not entirely healthy,” said Mlle Bourienne, smiling cheerfully, “she won’t come out.” This is so understandable in her situation. - Hm! hmm! ugh! ugh! - said the prince and sat down at the table. The plate did not seem clean to him; he pointed to the spot and threw it. Tikhon picked it up and handed it to the barman. The little princess was not unwell; but she was so insurmountably afraid of the prince that, having heard how out of sorts he was, she decided not to go out. “I’m afraid for the child,” she said to m lle Bourienne, “God knows what can happen from fright.” In general, the little princess lived in Bald Mountains constantly under a feeling of fear and antipathy towards the old prince, which she was not aware of, because fear was so dominant that she could not feel it. There was also antipathy on the part of the prince, but it was drowned out by contempt. The princess, having settled down in the Bald Mountains, especially fell in love with m lle Bourienne, spent her days with her, asked her to spend the night with her, and often talked to her about her father-in-law and judged him. “Il nous arrive du monde, mon prince,” said M lle Bourienne, unrolling a white napkin with her pink hands. – Son excellence le prince Kouraguine avec son fils, a ce que j'ai entendu dire? [His Excellency Prince Kuragin with his son, how much did I hear?] - she said questioningly. “Hm... this boy of excellence... I assigned him to the college,” the prince said offended. “Why son, I can’t understand.” Princess Lizaveta Karlovna and Princess Marya may know; I don’t know why he’s bringing this son here. I don't need it. – And he looked at his blushing daughter. - Unwell, or what? Out of fear of the minister, as that idiot Alpatych said today. - No, mon pere. [father.] No matter how unsuccessfully M lle Bourienne found herself on the subject of conversation, she did not stop and chatted about greenhouses, about the beauty of a new blossoming flower, and the prince softened after the soup. After dinner he went to his daughter-in-law. The little princess sat at a small table and chatted with Masha, the maid. She turned pale when she saw her father-in-law. The little princess has changed a lot. She was more bad than good now. The cheeks sank, the lip rose upward, the eyes were drawn downwards. “Yes, it’s some kind of heaviness,” she answered when the prince asked what she felt. - Do you need anything? - No, merci, mon pere. [thank you, father.] - Well, okay, okay. He went out and walked to the waitress. Alpatych stood in the waiter's room with his head bowed. – Is the road blocked? - Zakidana, your Excellency; Forgive me, for God's sake, for one stupid thing. The prince interrupted him and laughed his unnatural laugh. - Well, okay, okay. He extended his hand, which Alpatych kissed, and walked into the office. In the evening Prince Vasily arrived. He was met at the prespekt (that's the name of the avenue) by coachmen and waiters, who shouted and drove his carts and sleighs to the outbuilding along a road deliberately covered with snow. Prince Vasily and Anatoly were given separate rooms. Anatole sat, having taken off his doublet and resting his hands on his hips, in front of the table, at the corner of which he, smiling, fixed his beautiful large eyes intently and absent-mindedly. He looked upon his entire life as a continuous amusement that someone like that for some reason had undertaken to arrange for him. Now he looked at his trip to the evil old man and the rich ugly heiress in the same way. All this could have turned out, he supposed, very well and funny. Why not marry if she is very rich? It never interferes, Anatole thought. He shaved, perfumed himself with care and panache, which had become his habit, and with his innate good-natured, victorious expression, holding his handsome head high, he entered his father’s room. Two valets were busy around Prince Vasily, dressing him; He himself looked around animatedly and nodded cheerfully to his son as he entered, as if he were saying: “So, that’s exactly what I need you for!” - No, no joke, father, is she very ugly? A? – he asked, as if continuing a conversation he had had more than once during the trip. - That's enough. Nonsense! The main thing is to try to be respectful and reasonable with the old prince. “If he scolds, I’ll leave,” said Anatole. “I can’t stand these old people.” A? – Remember that everything depends on this for you. At this time, the arrival of the minister with his son was not only known in the maiden's room, but the appearance of both of them was already described in detail. Princess Marya sat alone in her room and tried in vain to overcome her inner agitation. “Why did they write, why did Lisa tell me about this? After all, this cannot be! - she said to herself, looking in the mirror. - How do I get out into the living room? Even if I liked him, I couldn’t be on my own with him now.” The thought of her father's gaze terrified her. The little princess and m lle Bourienne had already received all the necessary information from the maid Masha about what a ruddy, black-browed handsome minister's son was, and about how daddy dragged them with force to the stairs, and he, like an eagle, walking three steps at a time, ran after him. Having received this information, the little princess and M lle Bourienne, still audible from the corridor in their animated voices, entered the princess’s room. – Ils sont arrives, Marieie, [They arrived, Marie,] do you know? - said the little princess, wobbling her belly and sitting heavily on the chair. She was no longer in the blouse in which she had sat in the morning, but she was wearing one of her best dresses; her head was carefully adorned, and there was a liveliness on her face, which, however, did not hide the drooping and deadened contours of her face. In the attire in which she usually wore to social gatherings in St. Petersburg, it was even more noticeable how much she had looked worse. M lle Bourienne also unnoticed some improvement in her outfit, which made her pretty, fresh face even more attractive. – Eh bien, et vous restez comme vous etes, chere princesse? – she spoke. – On va venir annoncer, que ces messieurs sont au salon; il faudra descendre, et vous ne faites pas un petit brin de toilette! [Well, are you still wearing what you were wearing, princess? Now they will come to say that they are out. We’ll have to go downstairs, but at least you’ll dress up a little!] The little princess got up from her chair, called the maid and hastily and cheerfully began to come up with an outfit for Princess Marya and put it into execution. Princess Marya felt insulted in her sense of self-worth by the fact that the arrival of her promised groom worried her, and she was even more insulted by the fact that both of her friends did not even imagine that it could be otherwise. To tell them how ashamed she was for herself and for them was to betray her anxiety; Moreover, to refuse the outfit that was offered to her would have led to lengthy jokes and insistence. She flushed, her beautiful eyes went out, her face became covered with spots, and with that ugly expression of victim that most often settled on her face, she surrendered to the power of m lle Bourienne and Lisa. Both women cared quite sincerely about making her beautiful. She was so bad that not one of them could think of competing with her; therefore, quite sincerely, with that naive and firm conviction of women that an outfit can make a face beautiful, they set about dressing her. “No, really, ma bonne amie, [my good friend], this dress is not good,” said Lisa, looking sideways at the princess from afar. - Tell me to serve, you have masaka there. Right! Well, this may be the fate of life is being decided. And this is too light, not good, no, not good! It was not the dress that was bad, but the face and the whole figure of the princess, but M lle Bourienne and the little princess did not feel this; It seemed to them that if they put a blue ribbon on their hair combed up, and pulled down a blue scarf from a brown dress, etc., then everything would be fine. They forgot that the frightened face and figure could not be changed, and therefore, no matter how they modified the frame and decoration of this face, the face itself remained pitiful and ugly. After two or three changes, to which Princess Marya obediently submitted, the minute she was combed up (a hairstyle that completely changed and spoiled her face), in a blue scarf and an elegant dress, the little princess walked around her a couple of times with her small hand she straightened a fold of her dress here, tugged at a scarf there and looked, bowing her head, now from this side, now from the other. “No, that’s impossible,” she said decisively, clasping her hands. – Non, Marie, decidement ca ne vous va pas. Je vous aime mieux dans votre petite robe grise de tous les jours. Non, de grace, faites cela pour moi. [No, Marie, this definitely does not suit you. I love you better in your gray everyday dress: please do this for me.] Katya,” she said to the maid, “bring the princess a gray dress, and see, m lle Bourienne, how I will arrange it,” she said with a smile of artistic anticipation joy. But when Katya brought the required dress, Princess Marya sat motionless in front of the mirror, looking at her face, and in the mirror she saw that there were tears in her eyes and that her mouth was trembling, preparing to sob. “Voyons, chere princesse,” said M lle Bourienne, “encore un petit effort.” [Well, princess, just a little effort.] The little princess, taking the dress from the maid’s hands, approached Princess Marya. “No, now we’ll do it simply, sweetly,” she said. The voices of her, M lle Bourienne and Katya, who laughed about something, merged into a cheerful babbling, similar to the singing of birds. “Non, laissez moi, [No, leave me,” said the princess. And her voice sounded with such seriousness and suffering that the babbling of the birds immediately fell silent. They looked at the large, beautiful eyes, full of tears and thoughts, clearly and pleadingly looking at them, and realized that it was useless and even cruel to insist. “Au moins changez de coiffure,” said the little princess. “Je vous disais,” she said reproachfully, turning to M lle Bourienne, “Marie a une de ces figures, auxquelles ce genre de coiffure ne va pas du tout.” Mais du tout, du tout. Changez de grace. [At least change your hairstyle. Marie has one of those faces that doesn’t suit this type of hairstyle at all. Change it, please.] “Laissez moi, laissez moi, tout ca m'est parfaitement egal, [Leave me, I don’t care,” answered the voice, barely holding back tears. M lle Bourienne and the little princess had to admit to themselves that the princess. Marya looked very bad in this form, worse than always; but it was already too late. She looked at them with that expression that they knew, an expression of thought and sadness. This expression did not instill fear in them towards Princess Marya. (She did not instill this feeling in anyone.) But they knew that when this expression appeared on her face, she was silent and unshakable in her decisions.

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The Kama is the largest tributary of the Volga, carrying a huge mass of water to it from the Urals. The official length of the Kama today is 1805 kilometers (if we consider the Kama Bay of the Kuibyshev Reservoir to be the end of the river), and before the creation of reservoirs, the length of the Kama was more than 2000 kilometers (from the source to the confluence of the Kama and Volga, now flooded by the Kuibyshev Sea). The Kama is so large that when it meets the Volga 70 kilometers south of Kazan, in many ways it is even larger than the great Russian “Mother River”, so many people (especially, of course, in the Urals) like to say that in fact It is not the Kama that flows into the Volga, but exactly the opposite - the Volga into the Kama. But we’ll talk about this later, but for now, I offer you a short photo tour of the Kama. This time we will leave the upper reaches of the Kama out of brackets (but I will write a little about those places), and we will start from Perm and then together we will walk 900 km along the Kama to its confluence with the Volga.

The Kama originates from springs in the central part of the Verkhnekamsk Upland in one of the most remote corners of the Udmurt hinterland and then flows in the upper reaches through fairly sparsely populated corners of Udmurtia and the Perm region. In the upper reaches of the Kama changes the direction of its flow several times - first it flows to the north, then to the east, and as it approaches the main Ural ridge it turns to the south, thus making a large loop. Then (after Perm) the river maintains its flow direction from north to south, gradually moving more and more to the west. After merging with the Belaya (its largest tributary), the Kama flows almost strictly to the west, maintaining this direction until its confluence with the Volga.

In the upper reaches of the Kama flows through the dense forests of the Cis-Urals, the river flows fast, and the riverbed is winding. Due to the characteristics of the soil, the color of the water in the Kama is dark brown. From the very first kilometers of its journey from the Urals to the Volga, the Kama receives numerous tributaries and quickly gains power. In the upper reaches the Veslyana, Kosa, Pilva, Urolka and other rivers flow into the Kama.

Just above the mouth of the Vishera is the village of Kerchevsky, where in the 1930s-1980s one of the world's largest timber rafting raids was located. In Soviet times, a huge amount of timber was rafted along the Kama: in the upper reaches - by mole method (in bulk), and then in huge rafts. The village of Kerchevsky was the center and main starting point of logging and the timber rafting industry in the Urals - during navigation, the entire river bed from bank to bank was clogged with moth forest, which was tied here and collected into giant multi-kilometer rafts for further rafting. A whole city on the water! Due to environmental measures in the period from the 1960s to the 1980s, the volume of timber rafting in the Kama basin decreased almost threefold, and since 1995 it was completely prohibited. Today, timber is transported along the Kama only on cargo ships, and not in such huge quantities as 50 years ago.

And then the Kama meets the Vishera - one of its largest tributaries and one of the most picturesque rivers of the Urals. The Vishera is the largest tributary of the Kama in its upper reaches. At the same time (as in the case of the Volga and Kama), Ural local historians often like to say that it is not the Vishera that flows into the Kama, but, on the contrary, the Kama into the Vishera. When they meet, the rivers are indeed comparable, but the Kama is still a little larger: 1) the Kama carries on average about 550 cubic meters of water per second, and the Vishera - 460; 2) The length of the Kama from the source to the meeting place with Vishera is about 700 km, and the length of Vishera is 415 km; 3) The only thing on the Vishera side is the structure of the valley - when two rivers meet, the Kama approaches Vishera at an angle and subsequently seems to take its direction. In any case, having united with Vishera, the Kama becomes a mighty river - previously, the Upper Kama ended from the confluence with Vishera and its middle course began. Today, below the mouth of the Vishera, the Kama Reservoir begins, so it is more correct to draw the border of the Upper and Middle Kama along the dam of the Kama Hydroelectric Power Station, located in Perm.

The Kama Reservoir is huge - it was formed in 1954 by the Kama Hydroelectric Power Station dam, which raised the water level in the Kama by 20 meters, and stretches along the river for 370 kilometers. On the shore of the reservoir there are large industrial cities of the Urals - Solikamsk and Berezniki (the centers of the Bereznikovsko-Solikamsk industrial region for the extraction and processing of potassium salts, the production of various mineral fertilizers, magnesium, etc.; for a number of enterprises they are monopolists in the Russian market). About 40 rivers flow into the Kama Reservoir, including the mighty Chusovaya and Sylva. Before the formation of the reservoir, the Sylva flowed into the Chusovaya 20 kilometers before its confluence with the Kama; Now the mouths of Chusovaya and Sylva have turned into long bays of the Kama Sea: along Chusovaya the backwater of water extends over 153 kilometers, and along Sylva - 120.

The Kama Hydroelectric Power Station is located in the northern regions of Perm, and you can go to the Kama Reservoir located above it - for example, by train from the center of Perm to the Golovanovo or Levshino microdistricts. There are interesting places there - the Chusovsky Bay, the former confluence of the Chusovaya and the Kama, the Kama Hydroelectric Power Station and the unique structures of a six-chamber shipping lock.

1. In the center of Perm, the Kama is a very powerful river.

2. The cruise ship is returning from its next voyage. River cruises are very popular in the Urals - both in Soviet times, and in the 90s, and in the early 2000s, and now. As of 2021, 7 ships operate from Perm, making multi-day cruises to Astrakhan, Rostov-on-Don, Moscow, St. Petersburg and the cities of the Volga region. Cruise ships from other regions also regularly call at Perm.

3. Now let’s take a short trip from Perm to the Kama Reservoir. The Kama hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 550 MW is the first of three hydroelectric power stations on the Kama. It was built in 1949 - 1956 and is located in the northern part of Perm (above the city center).

4. Kamskaya HPP is a combined type (i.e. the spillway dam is combined with the HPP building in which the units are located). Roads and railways also pass through the dam structures.

5. Pressure front of the earthworks of the Kamskaya hydroelectric power station on a hot summer day. In the distance is the monumental control tower of the shipping lock.

The Perm lock has a very unusual design - it is six-chambered, that is, ships overcome the 20-meter difference in height between the upper and lower pools using six small steps of a water ladder (at other hydroelectric power stations of the Volga-Kama cascade, single-stage locks are installed to overcome the difference in dam heights, and at Nizhny Novgorod, Zhigulevskaya and Volzhskaya hydroelectric power stations are two-stage). The need to construct a six-chamber lock (six stages of 3-4 meters each) was due to the fact that in the 1940-1950s, when the hydroelectric power station was designed and built, a colossal volume of timber rafting was carried out from the upper reaches of the Kama and its tributaries, and the “flat” design of the locks was due to the need to pass not only ships, but also huge rafts with timber. Moreover, to transport rafts along the lock structures, a special railway with small electric locomotives was built (similar to the one on the giant locks of the Panama Canal ). The Perm gateway is a two-line one. In Soviet times, ships were passed along one of the lock lines, and rafts with timber were passed along the other. Since the beginning of the 1990s, timber rafting on the Kama has practically ceased, and in recent years only one thread of the lock has been operating (from 1994 to 2015 - only the eastern one, and the western one was closed due to an accident; currently the restored western one is in operation. and the eastern one is undergoing planned reconstruction).

7. Eastern (left) and western (right) threads of the Perm Lock - looking down. The photo clearly shows the railway with locomotives along the shipping facilities.

8. Eastern (right) and western (left) threads of the Perm Lock - looking up.

9. The cargo ship leaves the lock and enters the Kama Reservoir.

The Kama Reservoir extends up the Kama River for 370 kilometers, and along its major tributary, the Chusovaya, for 153 kilometers. The confluence of the Chusovaya and the Kama is located directly above the dam of the Kama hydroelectric station - today it is filled with a reservoir that spreads both along the Kama and Chusovaya. The place where the rivers once met can be recognized today by the large rock that can be seen in the next photo.

10. Kama Reservoir. Cape at the confluence of the Kama and Chusovaya. To the left in the distance behind the cape (where the ship is heading) is Kama, and to the right is Chusovaya.

11. Bigger. Today, the place where Chusovaya flows into the Kama, flooded by the Kama Sea, looks like this (the Kama goes beyond the cape).

12. Now let’s take a little walk along Chusovaya, and today – the huge Chusovsky Bay of the Kama Reservoir. Two bridges were built across Chusovaya near its confluence with the Kama - one railway...

13. ...And the second one is automobile.

15. Chusovaya (Chusovsky Bay of the Kama Reservoir). Looking up the river. Around the far bend, the Sylva, its largest tributary, flows into Chusovaya. The lower reaches of Sylva, like Chusovoy, are flooded for more than 100 kilometers by the waters of the Kama Sea, forming the 120-kilometer-long Sylva Bay. If the lower reaches of Chusovaya and Sylva today have been turned into a sea, then upstream are still the stormy and stunningly beautiful rivers of the Urals. And rafting or kayaking along the Chusovaya River is an all-time Ural classic!

16. A poster from the past on the wall of one of the two-story wooden houses.

18. It's time to return to Perm. Next are photographs of the Kama from Perm to Tchaikovsky, taken from board a large cruise ship.

19. We leave from Perm and take the path down the Kama. Within the city limits, the banks of the river are connected by three bridges (the fourth crossing is over the dam of the Kama Hydroelectric Power Station). The Kama railway bridge is located on the main passenger route of the Trans-Siberian Railway and was built in 1897-1899. In 1919, one of its spans was blown up by Kolchak’s retreating troops and then restored by the Red Army. In 1953, the bridge was reconstructed - the supports were expanded and trusses were installed on them for the second railway track, and at the end of the 1980s another reconstruction was carried out - the old “royal” trusses of the first track, which had served for 100 years, were replaced with new spans.

20. Perm railway bridge over the Kama and the branded train N1 Moscow - Vladivostok on the main passenger route of the Trans-Siberian Railway.

21. Below the railway bridge, the banks of the Kama River are connected by the Krasavinsky Bridge - this is a completely new bridge, opened in 2005 (first stage) and 2008 (second stage) on the western bypass of the city.

Directly below the Kama hydroelectric power station and Perm, the next Votkinsk reservoir begins on the Kama, formed in 1962 - 1964 by the Votkinsk hydroelectric power station dam, located near the city of Tchaikovsky. The backwater of water from the Votkinsk hydroelectric power station extends up the Kama to the Kama hydroelectric power station dam, located 365 kilometers upstream. The Kama Valley is compressed in these places by the foothills of the Ural Mountains, so the Votkinsk Reservoir for most of its length from Perm to Tchaikovsky is not wide and rather resembles a powerful river, and only closer to the dam of the Votkinsk hydroelectric station it overflows into a real sea. Next in the photo are photographs of the Votkinsk reservoir from Perm to Tchaikovsky.

24. Trinity Church in the village of Nizhnie Mully.

25. Oncoming dry cargo ship of the "river-sea" class.

26. Another beautiful church on the banks of the Kama.

27. The banks of the Votkinsk reservoir are quite steep and covered with forests.

32.

33.

35. The length of the Votkinsk reservoir along the Kama riverbed is 365 kilometers. The ship covers this route in an average of 15 hours. So, for example, if a ship departs from Perm in the morning, then it will arrive at the Votkinsk hydroelectric complex after midnight. Closer to the dam, the water space expands, the banks become noticeably further away.

36. Votkinsk hydroelectric power station is the second stage of the Kama cascade, built in 1955 - 1965. The power of the station is 1035 MW, that is, it is almost twice as powerful as the Kamskaya hydroelectric station, located upstream. During the construction of the station, Tchaikovsky, a working settlement for hydraulic construction workers, arose near the construction site, which in 1962 received the status of a city. Today Tchaikovsky is the regional center of the Perm Territory with a population of more than 80 thousand people.

38. Tchaikovsky lock is the deepest on the main waterways of Russia. In this gigantic well, ships are lowered (raised) by 23 meters. And the entire height difference is carried out in “one step”, in one airlock chamber. And among all the locks of the former USSR, the Chaikovsky lock ranks third in depth - after the mine locks of the DneproGES (Zaporozhye, Ukraine - head 38.2 meters) and the Ust-Kamenogorsk HPP (Irtysh river, Kazakhstan - head 39.8 m). In the well of the Chaikovsky Lock, three- and four-deck cruise ships seem very small - if you put two ships on top of each other, then the superstructure of the upper ship will be only barely visible from the “well”. :))

Below the Votkinsk hydroelectric station and Tchaikovsky, the Kama maintains its general flow direction to the south for about 130 kilometers, but as it approaches the confluence with the Belaya, the river flows further and further to the west. From the mouth of the Belaya, the Nizhnyaya Kama begins - and on this final section of the route all the way to the Volga, the river flows almost strictly to the west.

Now a little history. According to the initial design of the Volga-Kama cascade of hydroelectric power stations and the Unified Deep-Water System of the European Part of Russia (USS), the backwater from each subsequent hydroelectric complex should have spread to the overlying one, and accordingly, the section from the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station to the overlying Votkinsk hydroelectric power station should have been completely regulated by the Nizhnekamsk reservoir, the backwater from which it was supposed to reach the Votkinsk hydroelectric station. But it happened differently. The Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station (along with the Cheboksary hydroelectric power station on the Volga) is the youngest and final dam of the Volga-Kama cascade, the construction of which was carried out in the 1970s (the remaining hydroelectric power stations of the cascade, 7 on the Volga and 2 on the Kama, were commissioned from 1937 to 1967 years). If during the creation of the first reservoirs on the Volga and Kama, designed and built in the 30s-50s, there was no particular ceremony with flooded areas and the resettlement of people, then by the 70s, the construction of many kilometers of protective dams was envisaged for the Nizhnekamsk and Cheboksary reservoirs, designed to reduce flooding areas, protect a number of settlements, objects of economic importance and cultural monuments in the zone of influence of reservoirs. According to the initial plan for the construction of both hydroelectric power stations, it was planned to build hydroelectric power stations by 1978-1982 and fill the Nizhnekamsk and Cheboksary reservoirs to intermediate levels, and in the next 10 years to build engineering protection systems and raise both reservoirs to design levels by the end of the 80s. The Nizhnekamsk reservoir was filled to the intermediate level in 1978-1979, the Cheboksary reservoir in 1980-1982, and during the 1980s, engineering protection systems for both reservoirs were built - multi-kilometer dams. And then came perestroika, and in the wake of public protests and movements of that time, further raising of the Nizhnekamsk and Cheboksary reservoirs was temporarily abandoned. As a result, both hydroelectric power stations are still operating at lower levels, both reservoirs are filled 5 meters below the design level, many territories prepared for flooding in the 80s have remained unflooded, and the Volga and Kama in the Gorodets - Nizhny Novgorod and Tchaikovsky - Sarapul flow for 50-70 kilometers in natural banks, which leads to significant problems with navigation (the section of the Volga from Nizhny Novgorod to Gorodets is especially problematic, which limits traffic throughout the Unified State System and in other years practically breaks through navigation on the Volga ).

But let's return to Kama. So, in 1963 - 1987, the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station was built near the city of Naberezhnye Chelny, which formed the Nizhnekamsk reservoir. In 1979, it was filled to an intermediate level (62 meters above sea level), and according to the project, by 1990 it was supposed to be raised another 6 meters higher (to 68 meters). By this time, people had been resettled from the flood zone (6,000 households), communications had been moved, forests had been cut down, and tens of kilometers of powerful protective dams had been built to protect areas not subject to flooding. But despite this, in the late 1980s, in the wake of perestroika and mass protest movements, it was decided to postpone raising the level of the reservoir indefinitely - as a result, it is now filled not to the design level (68 meters), but 5-6 meters below (intermediate marks 62 - 63.3 meters).

Today, the Kama from Tchaikovsky to Sarapul flows almost on natural banks, the backwater of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir at its current low level begins just below Sarapul downstream, and only those built, but which have become protective dams are unnecessary, which are clearly visible from both the left and right banks throughout the entire flood zone - all the way to Naberezhnye Chelny. In some photographs of protective dams below in the post, I drew a red line - this is the design level of the reservoir to which the water should have risen. The issue of raising the level of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir is still controversial and is the subject of debate in the regions - Tatarstan, Bashkiria, Udmurtia and the Perm Territory. From time to time, talk comes up about a possible increase in the level to the design level of 68 in the interests of energy and shipping - but it seems that in today's realities this is hardly possible. Too much time has passed... So all that remains is to admire the dams and imagine in your mind what these places would look like if the water level were raised.

1. Today, in the section from Tchaikovsky to Sarapul, the Kama flows on natural banks, and the depth of the navigation channel is on average 3.3 meters (instead of the guaranteed 4 meters at the design level of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir). Not far from Tchaikovsky, among the hills you can see the construction of jumps - this is a unique ski complex “Snezhinka” with jumps with heights of 20, 40, 65, 95 and 125 m, meeting the highest modern international requirements.

2. Kama from Tchaikovsky to Sarapul. The banks here are hilly and covered with dense forest.

3.

4. Sarapul is the third largest city in Udmurtia (after Izhevsk and Votkinsk). This is an ancient city, the first mention of which dates back to 1579. From the river you can clearly see the city embankment and protective concrete dams built in the 80s. The dams are designed to protect the city when the level of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir rises to the design level (68 m). Today, the level of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir is still 5 meters below the design level (63.3 m), and the Kama near Sarapul flows almost on its natural banks. For clarity, I drew a line to show where the water would rise if the reservoir were filled to the end.

6. Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker

8. Picturesque steep banks.

9. Below Sarapul, the banks of the Kama are connected by a railway bridge - its construction began in 1914, and was completed after the revolution - in 1919, exactly 100 years ago. Of course, during this time it was reconstructed more than once - in 1920, one of the spans was replaced, blown up by the Red Army soldiers almost immediately after the opening of the bridge to delay the advance of Kolchak’s troops; in 1973, the supports were expanded and trusses were erected for the second track, and in 2002 - 2007, the historical 100-year-old “royal” trusses of the first track were replaced with new modern spans.

13. Kama near Sarapul - looking downstream.

25. The temple in the village of Kolesnikovo is an old photo. Today it has been restored.

26.

27. Below Kolesnikovo, the Kama makes a turn and prepares to meet the Belaya, its largest tributary, the main river of Bashkiria. From here the backwater of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir begins to be felt more and more, it becomes wider, the low-lying left bank is swampy and flooded with water.

28. A wide expanse of water appeared - on the left, from the side of Bashkiria, the Belaya River flows into the Kama. The middle course of the Kama ends, and the Lower Kama begins from the mouth of the Belaya.

The Belaya is the main river of Bashkiria and the largest tributary of the Kama, carrying a lot of water from the Middle and Southern Urals. This is a very picturesque and beautiful river, in the upper and partly middle reaches it is mountainous, and in the lower reaches it is flat. It is very popular among tourists - in the mountainous part people go kayaking and rafting along it. Coming out of the Ural Mountains onto the plain, the character of the river changes - then it is a calm, winding river flowing among meadows and forested hills. On the banks of the Belaya lies the capital of Bashkiria, the million-plus city of Ufa. Within the city limits, Belaya receives its main tributary, the Ufa River, which also flows from the Middle Urals - after merging with Ufa, the Belaya’s water content doubles. Having united with Ufa, the Belaya becomes a very powerful and wide river, comparable in water content to the Oka. Regular navigation on the river begins from the city of Ufa: Belaya is an important waterway of Bashkiria, along which freight and passenger transportation is carried out. The guaranteed depths here are less than on the Volga and Kama - 1.80 meters (except for the mouth section located in the backwater of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir - there the depths increase to 4 meters). Bashkir oil is transported along the Belaya on shallow-draft barges - sometimes it is transported from Bashkiria directly to its destination (for example, to the North-West or to oil refineries in the Volga region), and sometimes it is delivered on shallow-draft barges to the mouth of the Belaya, and there it is reloaded onto larger tankers. on which petroleum products are transported further along the Kama, Volga and other waterways. There is a transshipment oil terminal in the area of ​​the Belaya mouth.

In addition to transporting goods, cruise routes are also operated along the Belaya - for 450 kilometers from the city of Ufa and up to the confluence of the Belaya and the Kama, double-decker tourist ships sail along the river: you can go on a cruise from Ufa to various cities of the Volga region (as of navigation 2021 - the ship operates "Bashkortostan") or vice versa: from Moscow go on a multi-day cruise to Ufa along the Volga, Kama and Belaya (as of navigation 2021, such routes are operated by the motor ships "Vasily Chapaev" and "Grigory Pirogov"). The Belaya is a stunningly beautiful river: not wide compared to the Volga and Kama, meandering, flowing among the meadows and mixed forests of the Urals. And how wonderful it is in the golden autumn here - I still remember with nostalgia my trip on the ship along Belaya in September 2005! Nowadays there are fewer and fewer cruise routes along the Belaya - for cruises on this river you need special double-deck motor ships with a shallow draft: there used to be a lot of them, but now many of them have been written off due to age, obsolescence and unprofitability. And perhaps in the near future there will be no such flights at all - but if you suddenly have the opportunity to travel along Belaya on a tourist ship, use it - it is a very beautiful route!

It will be interesting to give here a traditional comparison of the water content of the Kama and Belaya at their meeting point. The Kama carries an average of 1800 cubic meters of water per second to the confluence, and the Belaya carries 950 cubic meters of water (i.e. the Kama is almost twice as powerful). It is also interesting that the two rivers are very different in the color of the water: the Kama is dark brown, and the Belaya is light greenish (Belaya, and in Bashkir “Agidel” is a large white river; the name is due precisely to the characteristic color of the water) and when they meet, the boundaries of the two flows are very clearly visible.

And a little more description of the mouth of the Belaya - how it was; as it is now; and how it should have been (and maybe someday it will be, but most likely it won’t be).

1) How it was. Until the late 1970s, the rivers flowed along their natural banks at the confluence.

2) As is. After the construction of the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station and the filling of the reservoir to an intermediate level of 62 meters in 1978-1979, the water level at the confluence of the Kama and Belaya rose by about 3-4 meters, and the backwater of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir spread up the Belaya by about 100 kilometers. The mouth of the Belaya turned out to be significantly flooded (the low floodplain at the mouth of the river was flooded), but at the intermediate elevation of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir (62-63.3 meters), the place where the Belaya flows into the Kama is still quite clearly distinguishable.

3) As it should have become, but it didn’t. In the 1980s, several protective dams were built along the lower reaches of the Belaya, and by 1990 it was planned to raise the level in the Nizhnekamsk reservoir to the design level of 68 - but the plans were prevented by the beginning of perestroika. If this happened, then the water level at the confluence of the two rivers would rise by another 5-6 meters (that is, 9-10 meters relative to the natural level) and the mouth of the Belaya would be completely flooded by a man-made sea - for many, many kilometers there was only the endless expanse of water would be visible: where the Kama is, where the Belaya is - only the dividing buoy of ship passages would mark the place where the rivers once met. In this case, the mouth of the Belaya would be turned into a huge bay of a man-made sea, and the backwater of the river would spread over 200 kilometers.

In theory, the question of raising the Nizhnekamsk reservoir to the design level still remains open, but in reality it is unlikely that this will ever happen - so observing the mouth of the Belaya from the board of a tourist ship, all that remains is to see it as it is now (flooded, but not flooded and clearly visible), imagine what it looked like before, before 1978-1979, when rivers flowed on natural banks; and - imagine how these places could have been flooded by a man-made sea for many, many kilometers around if the reservoir level had been raised by another 5-6 meters.

29. So, at the moment we are moving along the Kama and passing the mouth of the Belaya in transit.

30. White comes to Kama from the left. In the lower reaches, the Belaya floodplain is very wide and today it is flooded by the waters of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir. On the left side of the frame, a shipping sign is visible on a prominent hump, next to which a small fishing boat can be seen. This embankment under the navigation sign (like many other engineering systems in the flood zone) was made to match the design mark of the reservoir - the water had to rise almost to the very top of this mound for the navigation sign to remain above the expanses of the man-made sea.

31. Today the mouth of the Belaya is flooded, but is still clearly visible.

39. In the flood zone of the Nizhnekamsk reservoir there are several oil fields of Tatarstan, which were fenced with engineering protection systems built to the design water level. Today, with the level lowered by 5 meters, these huge multi-kilometer dams have turned out to be unnecessary and look unusual. In the following photographs, the design water level is drawn in red against the background of these dams.

41.

42. Finally, we are approaching Naberezhnye Chelny, a large industrial city in Tatarstan with a population of more than 500 thousand people. The embankments of this city were created in the 70s also at the design level of the reservoir, and today there are quite a lot of unsightly wetlands overgrown with sedge and small shrubs. If the water were 5 meters higher, the city facade would look much more beautiful.

43. City mosque and traditional red line drawn along the design water level.

45. The mouth of the Melekeska River, which flows into the Kama in the center of the city.

47. The difference in height between the upper and lower pools (design - 13-14 meters, actual - 8 meters), ships overcome in shipping locks. The gateway of the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station is a single-chamber, two-line one, a road and a railway pass through the hydraulic structures of the dam, and the hydraulic unit itself is largely unified with the structures of the Cheboksary hydroelectric power station on the Volga (they were built at the same time, have similar parameters, and, as time has shown, a similar fate).

48.

50. Tourist ship in the lock chamber of the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station.

51. Ruler with level marks in the lock - in red I showed the design 68th mark, from 1979 to 2002 the reservoir was operated at an intermediate mark of 62 meters, since 2002 the intermediate mark is slightly higher - 63.3 meters.