Population of Severodvinsk. Economy, enterprises, districts of Severodvinsk

Surprisingly, tourists rarely visit the attractions in Severodvinsk - the “city of northern shipbuilders”, the shipbuilding center of North-West Russia, in a picturesque place in the Arkhangelsk region, where the harsh White Sea receives the waters of the Northern Dvina. By the standards of Russian history, he is quite young. The settlement of shipbuilders, which gave it its beginning, arose already in Soviet times - in 1936. It was renamed several times, bore the names “Sudstroy” and Molotovsk, and the current one acquired in 1957.

Geography

The city of Severodvinsk is located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina River and the White Sea. It stretches along the coast of the Dvina Bay. The city is separated from the capital of the region, Arkhangelsk, by only 35 km. Severodvinsk is located on the East European Plain. The territory of the settlement and the surrounding lands are rich in water resources: there are several rivers and lakes of various sizes, the largest reservoirs being the Northern Dvina, Kudma, Shirshema and Malkurya rivers, as well as lakes Novoye, Teatralnoe and Nikolskoe estuary. The total area of ​​the city is 119 square meters. km.

Famous people[edit]

• Russian figure skater Polina Agafonova was born in Severodvinsk in 1996.
• Svetlana Klyukina, Russian artistic gymnast, member of the Russian Olympic team at the 2008 Summer Olympics, was born in Severodvinsk in 1989.
• Marina Prusakova, widow of Lee Harvey Oswald, assassin of US President John F. Kennedy in 1963, was born in Molotovsk in 1941 [23].
• Olga Rukavishnikova, Soviet athlete who competed primarily in women's pentathlon during her career, was born in Molotovsk in 1955.
• Mikhail Suprun, Russian historian, professor at Pomeranian State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, was born in Molotovsk in 1955.

Climate and ecology

The population of Severodvinsk lives in a temperate, maritime climate with long, chilly winters and short, cool summers. The average annual temperature is only 1.3 degrees. In summer, it is warm in the generally accepted sense for only 20-40 days. The average temperature at this time of year is 13-16 degrees. Winter lasts from October to May, the average temperature in December-January is around -12 degrees.

The region has very high humidity and a lot of rainfall. The driest month is August, when it rains on average 18 days. Snow cover sets in as early as October and lasts until May. The region can experience “white nights” from late May to late July. There is very little sunshine here, with an average of 95-105 sunny days a year.

The environmental situation in the city leaves much to be desired. The city-forming enterprise, the shipyard, produces nuclear boats, and there is a small radioactive background in the air. In addition, there is a constant risk of radioactive radiation from waste from this production. Also, the plant's treatment devices pose the risk of contaminating local water with chlorine.

Links[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 “All-Russian classifier of objects of administrative-territorial division. Code 11 430 005", as amended. changes No. 278 / 2015 of January 1, 2021. (Goskomstat of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997. Russian classification of administrative divisions) (OKATO).
   Code 11 430 005 , as amended by Amendment No. 278/2015 of 01/01/2016).
2. Law No. 65-5-OZ, article 15.1.1.
3. Decision No. 123
4. ^ abcdef Severodvinsk - strength test (Russian), Pravda Severa Publishing House, 1998.
5. Charter of Severodvinsk, article 33.1.1.
6. Official website of the Administration of Severodvinsk. Mikhail Arkadyevich Gmyrin, mayor of Severodvinsk (in Russian)
7. Charter of Severodvinsk, article 33.1.2.
8. ^ abc Federal State Statistics Service (2011). “All-Russian Population Census 2010. Volume 1" [All-Russian Population Census 2010, vol. 1]. All-Russian Population Census 2010 [All-Russian Population Census 2010]
   . Federal State Statistics Service.
9. "26. The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2021". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
10. ^ abc Regional Law No. 65-5-OZ
11. ^ a b c Regional Law No. 258-extra-OZ
12. "On the Calculation of Time". Official Internet portal of legal information
    . June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
13. Post office. Information and computing center of OASU RPO. ( Post office
    ).
    Search for postal service objects ( postal Search for objects
    ) (in Russian)
14. Telephone code of the city of Severodvinsk (in Russian). City codes. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
15. Charter of Severodvinsk, article 1.3.
16. ^ a b https://www.pomorland.travel/ru/kak_dobratsya/kuda_ne_dobratsya/
17. Hamel, Joseph. England and Russia: Consisting of the Voyages of John Tradescant, the Elder
    ... Adamant Media Corporation. item 282. ISBN. 1-4021-8427-1.
18. "XX century". Department of Education of Severodvinsk. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
19. meduza.io
    https://meduza.io/amp/en/feature/2019/08/27/new-russian-government-data-on-august-8-explosion-reveals-that-a-nuclear-reactor- was definitely involved. Retrieved August 31, 2021. Missing or empty |title=( help )
20. ↑
    Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (May 21, 2004).
    “The population of Russia, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as part of federal districts, urban settlements, settlements, settlements is 3 thousand or more people” [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal districts, districts Urban settlements, rural settlements - administrative centers and rural settlements with a population of over 3,000] (XLS). All-Russian Population Census 2002
    .
21. “All-Union Population Census of 1989. The current population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous regions and districts, territories, negative phenomena, urban settlements and rural district centers” [All-Union Population Census of 1989: current population of union and autonomous republics, Autonomous regions and districts , territories, regions, districts, towns and villages performing the functions of district administrative centers. All-Union Population Census of 1989 [All-Union Population Census of 1989]
    .
    Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics [Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 - via Demoscope Weekly
    .
22. Monuments of history and culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation (in Russian). Ministry of Culture of Russia. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
23. Golubtsov, Olga Valentinovna (1993). Russian wife of the presidential assassin: Molotovsk-Dallas (in Russian). Severodvinsk.
24. "Historical weather for Severodvinsk". Retrieved August 25, 2011.

Sources [edit]

• Local referendum. June 16, 1996 “Charter of the municipal formation” Severodvinsk”, ed. Decision No. 27 of March 25, 2010 “On introducing amendments and additions to the Charter of Severodvinsk.” Published: “Northern Worker”, No. 196, October 15, 1996 (Local referendum. June 16, 1996. Charter of the municipal formation “Severodvinsk”
  as amended by Decision No. 27 of March 25, 2010 “
  On amendments and additions to Charter of the city of Severodvinsk"
  ).
• Arkhangelsk Regional Assembly of Deputies. Regional Law No. 65-5-OZ of September 23, 2009 “On the administrative-territorial structure of the Arkhangelsk region,” as amended. Regional Law No. 232-13-OZ of December 16, 2014 “On amendments to certain Regional Laws in the field of local self-government and interaction with non-profit organizations.” Came into force ten days from the date of official publication. Published: “Volna”, No. 43, October 6, 2009 (Council of Deputies of the Arkhangelsk Region. Regional Law of September 23, 2009 No. 65-5-OZ “ On the administrative-territorial structure of the Arkhangelsk Region”
  as amended by Regional Law No. 232-13-OZ dated December 16, 2014.
  On amendments to various regional laws regulating the process of municipal self-government and relations with non-profit organizations
  ... Valid from the day that occurs ten days after official publication.).
• Arkhangelsk Regional Assembly of Deputies. Regional Law No. 258-extra-OZ of September 23, 2004 “On the status and boundaries of the territories of municipalities in the Arkhangelsk region”, as amended. Regional Law No. 224-13-OZ of December 16, 2014 “On the abolition of certain settlements of the Solovetsky district of the Arkhangelsk region and amendments to Article 46 of the Regional Municipal Formation.” Came into force on the date of official publication. Published: “Volna”, No. 38, October 8, 2004 (Arkhangelsk Region Council of Deputies. Region Law No. 258-vneoch.-OZ of September 23, 2004 On the status and boundaries of the territories of municipalities of the Arkhangelsk Region
  , As amended by the Regional Law dated December 16, 2014 No. 224-13-OZ.
  On the abolition of several settlements in the Solovetsky district of the Arkhangelsk region and on amendments to Article 46 of the regional law “On the status and boundaries of the territories of municipalities in the Arkhangelsk region".
  Valid from the date of official publication. ).
• Municipal Council of Severodvinsk. Decision No. 123 of October 28, 2004 “On approval of the Regulations” On the anthem of the city of Severodvinsk “”. Came into force from the moment of publication. Published: “Northern Worker” (“Bulletin of the Municipal Council of Severodvinsk”), No. 198–200, December 14, 2004 (City Council of Severodvinsk. Decision No. 123 of October 28, 2004 “ On approval of the Regulations “On the Anthem of the City of Severodvinsk”
  . Valid from the date of publication").

Story

The history of the settlement began in the 12th century, when the coast of the Northern Dvina became the possession of the Novgorod community. When the southern regions of Kievan Rus were captured by the Tatar-Mongol tribes, the Slavs moved north, and this contributed to the development of lands in the area of ​​​​the future Severodvinsk. In the mid-16th century, an official Russian seaport was opened at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River. By that time, the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery already existed here. The port became the first exit of the Russian state to the Northern Sea.

At the beginning of the 19th century, fortifications were erected here to repel English aggression. The population of the region mainly consisted of monks, who had to not only cope with the hardships of the local climate, but also repel constant attacks by Anglo-French ships. In 1921 the situation began to change. The monastery was abolished by the Soviet government, and in its place a colony for juvenile delinquents was opened. Then an agricultural commune began to operate here.

In 1936, a government decision was made to build a shipyard in the village. The settlement begins to grow and receives the name Molotovsk. In 1957 the city was renamed Severodvinsk. The development of the settlement went along with the growth of the plant; prisoners from the local colony built houses and production facilities. The population of Severodvinsk then consisted mainly of families of plant employees and prisoners who remained in the settlement.

During World War II the city also began to be used as a port again. In the 50s of the 20th century, the plant was reoriented to produce nuclear submarines. The main state center for the development and testing of the latest submarines is being formed here. During the years of perestroika, when government funding was reduced, the city experienced difficult times, but survived.

Today Severodvinsk shows sustainable development, although the townspeople have many difficulties.

Church of the Resurrection of Christ (Severodvinsk)[edit]

Historically, the Solzensky parish of the Third Deanery of the Arkhangelsk district consisted of one village, located 50 versts from Arkhangelsk and 23 versts from the nearest Nenokskoye and 13 versts from Kudmozersky. According to data from the Brief Historical Description of the parishes and churches of the Arkhangelsk diocese, we see that in the last decade of the 19th century. There were two wooden churches in the parish, both in honor of the Resurrection of Christ. “One, more ancient, was built at the expense of local peasants in 1761, it has one altar in the name of the Resurrection of Christ; the roof and external walls are painted; In connection with it there is a very dilapidated bell tower. Another church was established in 1892; it has two altars: the main one in the name of the Resurrection of Christ and the side altar in the name of the icon of the Mother of God, called the “Three-Handed One”. The church has only the most necessary utensils; the sacristy is not rich; books are tattered. Churches are supported exclusively by voluntary donations, because... They don’t have any land...”

Address:

Russia, Arkhangelsk region, Severodvinsk, st. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, 2

Telephone

: +7 (81842) 70465

Email

Population

Regular observations of the number of residents in Severodvinsk have been carried out since 1939. At that time, 21 thousand people lived in the city. A significant increase in population was observed in 1958, which was due to the start of construction of the plant.

Since the 90s, the number of residents began to decline. In 1990, 255 thousand people lived here. And in 2015 - already 186 thousand, and the decrease continues. The population of Severodvinsk is subject to all-Russian trends towards a reduction in the number of people, and there are also its own negative factors that influence the demographic situation. The population density is 161 people per square kilometer.

Transport accessibility

The high population density of Severodvinsk ensures high demand for all types of transportation. The most popular ones are railway ones. They connect the city with neighboring settlements, as well as megacities located in other regions of the Russian Federation. Ten years ago, the municipal leadership stopped the movement of commuter electric trains. The reason for this decision is unprofitability.

The exception is the settlement of Nenoksa. Trains are served by Severodvinsk railway station. Layskaya station is also operational. Highways go to Onega and Arkhangelsk. Traffic on federal highways is intense. There are congestion in the direction of the administrative center. There are rumors that Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk will be reorganized into a single agglomeration.

There is no municipal public transport in the settlement as such. Transportation is carried out by private companies. The local motorcade was declared bankrupt and ruined in the 2000s. Commercial firms are located on its territory.

There are ports in the city. They accept river and sea vessels. The marinas are in demand in the summer and are busy serving tourist groups. Passenger ships depart from their berths to Solovki. The commercial port is currently not functioning. Local authorities are developing project documentation and economic justification for its restart.

Administrative division

It is officially customary to divide Severodvinsk into two parts: the old and the new city. But local residents single out such areas of Severodvinsk as “city”, “Yagry” and “quarters”. The “city,” as you know, is the central part, which houses the main administrative buildings, cultural institutions, educational institutions, shopping centers, and hotels. The oldest part of the city today is in decline: houses are collapsing, the population is aging and this area is gradually turning into a very disadvantaged and unpresentable area.

The houses of the Stalinist period create a striking contrast with this part: wide avenues, houses in the Stalinist Empire style. True, this housing stock has also been in need of repairs for a long time, utility networks require repairs. The buildings of the times of Khrushchev and Brezhnev are represented by standard houses, which were once built as temporary housing. But people are forced to live here today.

Yagri is an island that was also developed in the 50-70s and the architecture here is appropriate. The newest and most modern housing, although without any frills, can be seen in the “blocks” area. This is the only part of the city where construction is currently underway and new territories are being developed. The city's population is still very slowly moving from old, dilapidated housing to new apartments. New neighborhoods are predominantly populated by young people. Although prices for new housing are very high for a single-industry town, where residents do not receive the highest wages.

Excursions

When you come on vacation, you can use the services of professional guides who will take the city guest to all significant places and organize a quality trip around the city, which includes everything.

"Near the White Sea"

A long excursion for 3 days includes meeting guests at the railway station, escort to the hotel, a program for visiting the sights of Severodvinsk, lunch and transportation. The tour takes place in three cities, along the route Severodvinsk - Arkhangelsk - Malye Karely. The excursion lasts 3 days and 2 nights, includes breakfast and lunch in a cafe along the route.

On the first day, the group is met by guides at the railway station and transported around Severodvinsk by bus, showing places significant for the city. After breakfast in a cafe, tourists will go to the Museum of Local Lore, then to the monument to Richard Chandsler. After lunch, a visit to the Solzen salmon factory is planned, transfer to Arkhangelsk, accommodation in rooms and dinner at your discretion.

On the morning of the second day there will be a tour of Arkhangelsk, a visit to Gostiny Dvor and a lunch break, included in the price of the trip. After lunch in Malye Karely, the group will be sent to look at algae and try marmalade and jelly at the Algae Factory. In the evening, tourists will be shown the Northern University and the Maritime Museum, and will be accommodated in a hotel until the morning.

On the third day, the walking tour in Arkhangelsk will continue, the group will visit the Museum of Folk Crafts and the Arkhangelsk Roe Gingerbread. Next, lunch is planned at the local cafeteria “Bagel”. After the “Bablik” the visit to museums will continue, in the evening the group will be returned to the Severodvinsk railway station for the train. Tour price from 7700 to 9700 rubles. depending on the chosen hotel class.

Severodvinsk. From kocha to submarine

A one-day excursion for schoolchildren, telling about the history of shipbuilding, about the first Koch ships built at local factories, intended for travel across the Arctic Ocean. The tourist will be able to visit one such boat on the territory of the museum, look at the life of sailors of those years, and find out what the submariners heard inside the boat.

The excursion costs 900 rubles. per person and includes transport, guide services, entrance ticket to the museum and accompaniment. The address of the travel agency is located in Arkhangelsk at Chumbarova-Luchinsky Ave., 30, office 13. From this place the group goes to Severodvinsk and Yagry Island.

Economy

Over the course of its 70-year history, the economy of Severodvinsk depends on the stability of shipbuilding; several enterprises have been formed that ensure the stability of the city. However, any interruptions in financing the production of courts in the city cause colossal problems. Work in Severodvinsk is a sore economic issue, since shipbuilding production is going through a crisis, and enterprises are unable to pay decent wages. Due to the fact that the population has little money, the service sector and trade are poorly developed here. The same problems hinder the development of small businesses. All this leads to the fact that the city almost constantly experiences great economic difficulties.

Hotels

Severodvinsk on the map of Russia is distinguished by its hospitable hotel business, which includes a huge range of additional services, including a separate car with a driver from the airport to the hotel. The guest does not even need to look for addresses and taxi drivers, he just needs to call the specified number, and they will come for him, take him to the hotel, arrange him and also feed him breakfast.

"Nord Sky"

Employment

Sevmash, a city-forming enterprise, is the main place of work for a large number of city residents. But its specificity is such that women are involved in its activities to a lesser extent. Therefore, working in Severodvinsk for women with higher education is a problem. In addition, the company is not able to accommodate everyone. Also, qualified personnel cannot find work due to the low diversification of the local economy. Therefore, unemployment is high in Severodvinsk, and there is an outflow of the young, able-bodied population.

The population is afraid of the onset of economic difficulties, which the townspeople have had to endure more than once. Therefore, Severodvinsk is surrounded on all sides by dacha villages, where people ensure their food security on their personal plots; for some, this is the only employment that allows them to survive.

Social politics

The social protection authorities of Severodvinsk are implementing local and federal programs that are aimed at improving the demographic situation of the region. The lack of migration flow and low birth rate contribute to natural decline. The number of inhabitants of the settlement is decreasing every year. The population is aging.

Young able-bodied residents of Severodvinsk are entrusted with a colossal social burden. It will only increase in the near future. Another priority area that local authorities have identified is to reduce the outflow of qualified personnel from the region. The lion's share of scientists and engineers leaves Severodvinsk, choosing St. Petersburg and Moscow.

The number of families raising three or more children has dropped sharply. Young people do not seek to enter into marriage. The number of single parents is growing. Today, the average Severodvinsk family has one child. Many spouses refuse to have children. The number of medical abortions is increasing. But the infant mortality rate was reduced. Doctors identify several main reasons that cause fetal pathologies. This is an unfavorable environmental situation in the city and the extreme geographical location of the settlement. Therefore, municipal social welfare employees provide financial assistance to pregnant and nursing mothers, as well as families raising small children. They are given cash and food.

Schoolchildren receive comprehensive meals. The menu includes seasonal vegetables and fruits, cereals, dairy and meat products. Additional supplies have been organized for athletes. Children from socially disadvantaged families receive free lunches. They are also given vouchers to health camps and health centers.

Every year, medical institutions in Severodvinsk carry out medical examinations of children in kindergartens and schools in the city. Adult residents of the locality can also undergo testing. Workers of city-forming enterprises are served in factory clinics and outpatient clinics. After retirement, many city residents leave their native lands. They move to the cities of the Central Federal District. They choose Voronezh, Krasnodar, Lipetsk, Tambov, Kursk, Belgorod, Orel, Rostov-on-Don.

City infrastructure

The city's economic problems invariably affect its appearance and the state of its infrastructure. In Severodvinsk, one immediately notices the poor condition of the roads, which is a sure sign of difficulties with financing, but this is also a consequence of climatic conditions. The city is located in swamps, the weather does not allow for quality repairs. All this leads to the fact that the roads here leave much to be desired.

The situation with public transport is also bad. Buses and taxis go here. But this is clearly not enough for a city with a population of almost 200 thousand. Service enterprises in Severodvinsk operate while overcoming economic difficulties. The city has several shopping and sports centers, restaurants, and beauty salons. But in general, the city's infrastructure leaves much to be desired.

Ancillary enterprises

Today, there are several industrial complexes operating in the city. They are engaged in food production. These are bakeries, dairy and meat plants. Products are sold in large hypermarkets and small shops. However, the trade and food industries are still not significant sectors of the economy of Severodvinsk.

The most popular stores among local residents are Yuzhny, Belomorsky, Grand, City, Morskoy, and Sputnik. Severodvinskaya CHPP-2 is recognized as the main supplier of electrical energy in the city. Its capacity is 410 MW. It uses natural gas as fuel. Power supply to Severodvinsk enterprises is provided by auxiliary CHPP-1. It operates on coal.

In terms of its power, CHPP-2 is second only to the thermal power plant located in Arkhangelsk. Its capacity is 450 MW.

Demographic characteristics of the population

The population of Severodvinsk is not only declining, but also aging. The birth rate in the city has been declining for more than 10 years, while the mortality rate has been declining weakly. But in general, the city belongs to the aging type; more and more residents of retirement age remain here. The natural population decline is 24 people for every thousand inhabitants. But the main demographic problem of the city is migration. Many young people leave the city because they cannot find good work. All this leads to the fact that Severodvinsk today is only accumulating demographic and economic problems, for which there is no solution yet.

Strategic development

To improve the demographic situation and increase the population of Severodvinsk, the authorities pay special attention to the development of the economic sector. Local industry is included in the federal strategic development plan for the region. The program began operating in 2010. Investment will end in 2020. The volume of additional financing amounted to forty billion rubles. Construction of a new shipyard is underway. The goal of the development plan is to create new industries for the single-industry town.

The regional government actively supports the population of Severodvinsk, who have expressed a desire to engage in private entrepreneurship. Small business, according to officials, is the guarantor of the well-being of the economic situation in the city.