2_kurs_TRANSPORT_FGOS-3_dlya_studentov / Laws and regulations / Sverdlovsk standards / Appendix No. 20 Climate passport / CLIMATE PASSPORT of the city of N. TAGILA

City in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

City in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Nizhny Tagil

(Russian: Nizhny Tagil, IPA: [ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj tɐˈgʲil]) is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located 25 kilometers (16 mi) east of the virtual border between Europe and Asia. Population: 361,811 (2010 census); [2] 390,498 (2002 census); [8] 439,521 (1989 census). [9]

History[edit]

The prehistory of Nizhny Tagil dates back to the mid-16th century, when the Stroganovs received the right to own land near the Kama and Chusovaya basins. In 1579 they founded the first settlement - Utkinskaya Sloboda on the Utka River, at the mouth of the Chusoi. Fateyevo, the first Russian village in the Tagil region, was founded in 1665. [10]

In 1696, by order of Tsar Peter the Great, the Vysokogorsk iron ore quarry was opened. Voivode Dmitry Protasyev was elected to search for iron and magnetic ores. [10] The deposits were particularly rich and included deposits of pure magnetic iron. The surrounding landscape had everything necessary for a successful and productive mining and metallurgical activity: rivers for transport, forests for fuel and a suitable climate. A few years later, the Tsar introduced a special department for mining in Russia. [10]

In the following decades, the city developed as one of the first centers of Russian industrialization and was a major producer of iron and steel. The city of Nizhny Tagil, where it is located, is also known for the production of Soviet tanks, including the famous T-34; almost every second T-34 was produced in Nizhny Tagil. [eleven]

The first Russian steam locomotive

Monument to T-72 in production, Nizhny Tagil

The first Russian steam locomotive was built here in 1833, and the father and son engineers Efim and Miron Cherepanov (Cherepanovs) who developed it were immortalized in 1956 with an 8-meter bronze statue (made by a sculptor). Kondratiev and architect A.V. Sotnikov), which stands in the center of Theater Square in the very center of the city.

According to some reports, copper for plating the Statue of Liberty was mined and refined in Nizhny Tagil. [12] However, research by Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, USA, suggests that the Visnes mine in Norway is the most likely source. [13]

How to get to Nizhny Tagil

Getting to Nizhny Tagil is not difficult. There are a great many types of transport. We have at our disposal planes, trains, buses..., we just don’t have enough steamships, but this is more difficult.

By plane

The nearest international airport is Koltsovo, located in the village of the same name, in close proximity to Yekaterinburg and only 160 kilometers from Nizhny Tagil.

Judging by the data from the Aviasales service, a direct plane ticket from Moscow to Koltsovo airport costs 5,259 rubles (I looked at the departure date - 07/13/2016). Travel time is 2 hours 20 minutes. Depending on the season and the time interval between ticket purchase and departure, the ticket price may vary. So, a ticket for September 20, 2016 already costs 3,100 rubles. Sometimes airlines make special offers on air tickets, and you can buy a plane ticket to Yekaterinburg even cheaper. Look on this page to see if the air ticket you need is currently available at a good discount at a special price (information is constantly updated).

Bus schedule from Koltsovo

How to get from Koltsovo airport to Nizhny Tagil? For some reason, intercity buses to Nizhny Tagil from Koltsovo depart only at night and there are only two of them: a direct minibus to Tagil and a bus from Koltsovo to Krasnoturinsk with a stop in Nizhny Tagil. The first one departs from the airport at 03:40, and the second at 05:30. local time (different from Moscow by 2 hours with a plus sign). At least that was the case in March. Be sure to check the exact schedule at the box office. Tickets for these regular buses are sold at the airport building, near the ticket offices.

If you don't get on any of the above buses, don't despair. When leaving the airport building, you will immediately see the stop of city bus No. 1, which runs along the route from the Yekaterinburg railway station to Koltsovo airport and back. You won't have to wait long for the bus; they arrive approximately every 20 minutes. The ticket price is only 26 rubles.

In addition, you can take a train from Koltsovo airport to Yekaterinburg railway station! This pleasure costs about 54 rubles. There are two trains - morning and evening. Check the schedule on Yandex Schedules. Travel time is 40 minutes. I have never ridden this train myself.

How to get from Yekaterinburg to Nizhny Tagil? Having arrived at the railway station, you can easily get to Nizhny Tagil by train, train or intercity bus from the Severny bus station, located just a few steps from the railway station.

Station Square in Yekaterinburg

Electronic bus tickets can be purchased in advance online on this resource or on the Northern Bus Station website. I bought both here and there, no problems arose, I always left normally. Buying tickets online is convenient because you don’t have to stand in line at the ticket office in a bus station building crowded with passengers. And the queues can be huge depending on the time of day and day of departure, believe me. A bus ticket costs about 320 rubles. Travel time is from 2 to 2.5 hours.

Another alternative is to use the BlaBlaCar service. There are quite a lot of rides to Nizhny Tagil. The price starts from about 150-200 rubles per person.

The most convenient and comfortable way, in my opinion, is to get from Yekaterinburg to Nizhny Tagil by train “Lastochka”. The current departure times of electric trains can be viewed on Yandex Timetables. In terms of money, it will be cheaper than taking a bus, and it won’t be as bumpy, since the road from Yekaterinburg to Tagil is often in shambles and you can get stuck on the road, like in the photo, for example.

Forced stop of minibus to Nizhny Tagil

The photo below shows a section of the Yekaterinburg - Serov highway in the direction of Nizhny Tagil, where our wheel blew out. The condition of the road surface, as they say, is obvious. And this is not the worst part of the road.

The road surface leaves much to be desired. Result - change the wheel

Now I get to Tagil by Lastochka. I like.

This is what “Swallow” looks like

Today this is not the “train on fire” from my childhood with “traders”, “singers” and so on, but a completely comfortable way to travel between cities. I still remember with horror how in the winter we used to run around the train cars to keep warm, looking for a heated bench.

Almost like being on an airplane

The cost of a ticket to “Swallow” is 250 rubles. You can purchase a ticket at the suburban ticket office at the railway station if you have a passport. Boarding the train also requires a passport.

By train

Another option is the train. Today there are no direct flights from major cities of Russia to Nizhny Tagil, there is only one passing train from Moscow, and the times when we traveled on the route “Nizhny Tagil - Moscow - Nizhny Tagil”, “Nizhny Tagil - St. Petersburg - Nizhny Tagil” Tagil" and others have long since sunk into oblivion. But all is not lost, my friends, because the Malachite train was not completely liquidated, it was only moved to Yekaterinburg. Therefore, for example, from the Yaroslavsky railway station in Moscow you can travel directly to Nizhny Tagil without transfers.

You can get to Yekaterinburg by train from almost anywhere in Russia and neighboring countries, so there shouldn’t be any problems here at all. The route, as well as the fare, can be found on the Russian Railways website. There are budget options, and there are more expensive places. And seasonality also affects the ticket price.

Travel time by train from Moscow to Nizhny Tagil is 29 hours 50 minutes. A reserved seat berth costs about 3,300 rubles, and a compartment berth costs over 5,000 rubles. It may be more expensive during the season.

Geography[edit]

Rivers and ponds occupy a third of the city's territory. Nizhny Tagil extends 22 kilometers (14 miles) from north to south and 21 kilometers (13 miles) from east to west. The city's elevation varies from 170 to 380 meters (560 to 1,250 ft).

The city is built around the extinct volcano Fox Mountain. This mountain with a watchtower on top is the symbol of the city. Another hill, Medved-Kamen [ru], is located in the northern part of the city at an altitude of 288 meters (945 ft).

Neighboring cities include Yekaterinburg 130 km to the south, Serov and Priobye to the north, Perm to the west, Alapaevsk and Verkhnyaya Salda to the east. [ citation needed

]

Panoramic view of Nizhny Tagil

Watchtower on a hill, symbol of Nizhny Tagil.

Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Nizhny Tagil

Nizhny Tagil railway station

Climate[edit]

The city has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc

) with moderately warm summers and very long and cold winters. Precipitation mainly falls between late spring and early autumn, peaking in July and August. Freezes were recorded for each month of the year.

Administrative and municipal structure [edit]

As part of the administrative divisions, Nizhny Tagil serves as the administrative center of the Prigorodny District, [1] although it is not part of it. [4] As an administrative division, it, along with twenty-three rural settlements, is included separately as the city of Nizhny Tagil

[4] - an administrative unit with a status equal to that of districts.
[15] As a municipal entity, the city of Nizhny Tagil is part of the Nizhny Tagil urban district
. [5]

The city is divided into three urban districts: Leninsky, including the city center and Nizhny Tagil pond; Tagilstroevsky, a relatively small site in the northern part of the city; and Dzerzhinsky, a significant area east of the city center, mainly consisting of apartment buildings and other residential buildings. [ citation needed

]

The city is governed by four local authorities:

• Nizhny Tagil City Duma (city council)
• Mayor of Nizhny Tagil
• Administration of Nizhny Tagil
• Accounts Chamber of Nizhny Tagil

The structure of the city government was determined in the municipal charter adopted on November 24, 2005. [16] The highest official of the city is the mayor, elected by the population of Nizhny Tagil for a period of 5 years. The executive branch is, first of all, the Administration of Nizhny Tagil, the head of which is the mayor. The legislative body is the City Duma (city council), consisting of 28 deputies who are elected by MPP for terms of up to 5 years in office. [17]

The character of a mountain river is visible from the rapids

Not twenty kilometers before the village of Tagilskoye, there is a two-stage Pryanishnikovsky riffle on the river, and after it, between Tagilskoye and the village of Morshinino, there are more difficult and dangerous riffles: a three-hundred-meter zigzag, crushed by large boulders that lie randomly and break the main flow of the river. After a short break there is another one after turning left.

Further along the river, the right bank becomes steeper and higher, rising with granite cliffs up to a hundred meters high, and before confluence with the Salda tributary, the Tagil River begins to wind strongly between the hills and gradually becomes much deeper and fuller, despite the same width (about 45 meters).

After the mouth with Salda, another kilometer-long rapid begins, somewhat similar to the Morshininsky, and after that another eight, smaller and simpler.

Before reaching Tolstovaya, the river becomes twenty meters wider, mountains and forests give way to water meadows and populated areas.

Economics [edit]

In 2015, a significant portion of the land within the city was dominated by enterprises located in the industrial city. [18]

Nizhny Tagil is the industrial center of the Middle Urals. The city has developed energy-intensive industries such as ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemistry, and metalworking. In total, 606 manufacturing enterprises operate in Nizhny Tagil. [ citation needed

]

Nizhny Tagil Metallurgical Plant ( Nizhny Tagil Metallurgical Plant

,
NTMK
) is a leading Russian metallurgical company.
[ citation needed
]

Uralvagonzavod

(
UVZ
) is the main manufacturer of modern tanks in the former Soviet Union and Russia. It is the largest manufacturer of main battle tanks in the world. The city produces T-72, T-90, T-14. [18] As of 2021, the economic downturn in Russia has reduced demand for civilian products such as railcars, but strong demand for tank cars has remained. [19]

The Nizhny Tagil Medical Instruments Plant has the resources to produce medical instruments for traumatology. [ citation needed

]

Expo Center [edit]

Nizhny Tagil is one of the centers of exhibition activity in the Middle Urals. Nizhny Tagil Metal Testing Institute has been the site of international exhibitions such as Ural Expo Arms/Russian Expo Arms, Russian Defense Expo (2001 and 2002).

Military[edit]

The 42nd Missile Division of the Strategic Missile Forces is based here, [20] equipped with 36 Topolech nuclear missiles. [ citation needed

]

Ecology

Nizhny Tagil, being a large industrial center, cannot boast of environmental well-being. Many people are familiar with jokes about the “moron from Tagil”, about soot-colored snow, about mutants, etc., from the times of the USSR.

Such black humor did not make the life of Tagil residents more fun, who were seriously ill and died in the prime of life.

But after 1991, many industrial enterprises closed or went into private hands with a reduction in the scale of activity. This certainly had a beneficial effect on the environment. And today's giants are trying to move away from “dirty” production by purchasing high-quality cleaning equipment.

Today, the main environmental pollutants in Tagil include cars, burning peat bogs, landfills and dust.

Culture[edit]

The Demidovs' initiatives in the field of culture had a beneficial effect on the transformation of the Tagil community into the most important cultural center of the Urals. In the 19th century, a library and a museum of natural history and antiquity were opened. [21]

The city has a network of approximately 24 libraries [22], which serve 75,000 readers annually. [ citation needed

]

Among the museums in Tagil are the old museum of local history, the museum of fine arts, as well as a number of new museums opened in the 1990s: the museum of the art of tray painting, the museum of everyday life and crafts, which are the starting point of the new ethnographic complex. [ citation needed

]

The city plans to build Demidov Park, a new cultural and historical project. However, due to European sanctions against Russia, its creation has been postponed. [23]

Nizhny Tagil was chosen as the venue for international conferences and seminars “Industrial Heritage of the Urals”. In 2003, at the 12th meeting of the International Committee for the Preservation of Industrial Heritage, a charter was signed on the preservation of the industrial heritage of Russia. [24]

The theatrical life of the city is represented by four theaters: the National Academic Drama Theater. D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, puppet theater, youth theater and acting department of the Nizhny Tagil College of Arts, training actors and actresses.

Interesting facts about Tagil

Few people know that a city called Nizhny Tagil might not have existed on the map of Russia if not for... bureaucracy. In 1861, industrialists the Demidovs applied to rename it to Aleksandrovsk. But the Russian bureaucratic machine moved so slowly that the case got stuck and was never completed.

More interesting facts: malachite, mined at a local mine, adorns the walls of the Winter Palace (Malachite Hall), and Tagil steel was used to build many skyscrapers in Chicago and New York.

Well, and, of course, information about the T-72 tank, which is the most massive combat vehicle in the history of the planet, deserves attention. It bears the title “Kalashnikov among tanks”, and Nizhny Tagil is sometimes called “Tanko-grad”.

Education [edit]

The oldest university is Nizhny Tagil State Social and Pedagogical Academy. The State Academy of Education has 4 institutes, 13 faculties and 29 departments. Postgraduate studies are conducted in three areas: general education, history of pedagogy and education, history of Russia, Russian language. [ citation needed

] [
clarification needed
] At the Faculty of Art and Graphics, five workshops were launched in 2008, in which students are engaged in decorative arts.
The Academy has four modern gyms. In the summer a climbing wall is erected. There is a gym and a gym. [ citation needed
]

Nizhny Tagil Technological Institute [25] is located southeast of the city center. [ citation needed

]

Origin of the river's name

The origin of the name is a topic of long-standing debate between historians, linguists and local historians. According to the generally accepted and widespread version, the word “tagil” translated from Vogul means “much water, a lot of water,” but this option is constantly disputed by linguists, who are inclined to two more equally interesting versions.

• The most primitive option: in translation from the Tatar language “tag” is “still”, and “yl” (yul - according to some sources) is translated as “river”. This version is little loved by historians due to its inconclusiveness.
  Read also:  Rostov the Great or a journey to medieval Russia
• “Tag” in ancient Turkic means mountain, “el” means homeland or country. That is, initially Tagil was not a river, it was a mountainous country, and the name of the area determined the name of the river in the future.
• There is a Kazakh translation: “tagyly” is an area with wild animals, or a place rich in game.

Only long-dead ancestors know which of the translation options is valid, but all versions have their own reason and hidden meaning.

Public health[edit]

Medical care is provided in 29 medical centers, staffed by 1,100 doctors and 4,500 assistants. Every year, up to 100 thousand people are hospitalized, 28 thousand operations are performed, and up to four million visits to city medical centers are registered. [ citation needed

]

The Yekaterinburg Department of Eye Microsurgery operates in Nizhny Tagil. [ citation needed

] There is obstetric care.
[ citation needed
] There is a network of municipal and private pharmacies.
[ citation needed
]

In 2015, pollution from factories amounted to 600,000 short tons (540,000 t) annually. The rate of respiratory infection in children was 50% higher than in the rest of the country. The city has the highest rates of stomach and lung cancer in the country. [18] [27]

People[edit]

The following personalities are associated with Nizhny Tagil:

• Valery Brainin, poet, musicologist, president (from 2004 to 2014) of the Russian branch of the International Society for Music Education - member of UNESCO [ citation needed
  ]
• Efim Cherepanov, inventor and industrial engineer, designer of the first Russian locomotive [ citation needed
  ]
• Miron Cherepanov (son of Efim Cherepanov), inventor and industrial engineer, designer of the first Russian locomotive [ citation needed
  ]
• Pavel Gaev, Soviet military intelligence officer, guard colonel [28] [29]
• Dmitry Larionov, kayak and canoe slalom champion [ citation needed
  ]
• Felix Lemberski, artist [ citation needed
  ]
• Konstantin Novoselov, 2010 Nobel Prize winner for his research on graphene [ link
  ]
• Valery Ogorodnikov, film director, Silver Leopard prize at the Locarno International Film Festival and the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the film Barak, FIPRESCI price for the film The Robber at the Venice Film Festival [ link
  ]
• Bar Pali, Russian-Israeli model and actress [ citation needed
  ]
• Igor Radulov, ice hockey player, forward, currently plays for Salavat Yulaev (Salavat Yulaev Ufa) of the KHL [ citation needed
  ]
• Alexander Radulov, ice hockey player, forward, currently playing for the Dallas Stars, formerly with Salavat Yulaev (Salavat Yulaev Ufa) of the KHL (brother with Igor) [ citation needed
  ]
• Boris Rauschenbach, physicist and rocket engineer [ citation needed
  ]
• Sergei Shepelev, former member of the USSR national ice hockey team [ citation needed
  ]
• Nikita Soshnikov, ice hockey player, winger, currently playing for the St. Louis Blues organization; previously with the Toronto Maple Leafs in the NHL, [30] previously with the Toronto Marlies in the AHL and the Moscow Region Atlant in the KHL [31]
• Victor Starffin, baseball player [ citation needed
  ]
• Aron Zinshtein, artist [ citation needed
  ]

Links[edit]

1. ^ abcd State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 “All-Russian classifier of objects of administrative-territorial division. Code 65 232", ed. changes No. 278 / 2015 of January 1, 2021. (Goskomstat of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997. Russian classification of administrative divisions) (OKATO).
   Code 65 232 , as amended by Amendment No. 278/2015 of January 1, 2016).
2. ^ a b Federal State Statistics Service (2011). “All-Russian Population Census 2010. Volume 1" [All-Russian Population Census 2010, vol. 1]. All-Russian Population Census 2010 [All-Russian Population Census 2010]
   . Federal State Statistics Service.
3. "26. The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2021". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
4. ^ abc State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 “All-Russian classifier of objects of administrative-territorial division. Code 65 476", ed. changes No. 278 / 2015 of January 1, 2021. (Goskomstat of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997. Russian classification of administrative divisions) (OKATO).
   Code 65 476 , as amended by Amendment No. 278/2015 of January 1, 2016).
5. ^ ab Law No. 85-OZ
6. "On the Calculation of Time". Official Internet portal of legal information
   . June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
7. Post office. Information and computing center of OASU RPO. ( Post office
   ).
   Search for postal service objects ( postal Search for objects
   ) (in Russian)
8. ↑
   Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (May 21, 2004).
   “The population of Russia, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as part of federal districts, urban settlements, settlements, settlements of 3 thousand or more people” [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal districts, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - administrative centers and rural settlements with a population of more than 3000] (XLS). All-Russian Population Census of 2002 [All-Russian Population Census of 2002]
   .
9. “All-Union Population Census of 1989. The current population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous regions and districts, territories, negative phenomena, urban settlements and rural district centers” [All-Union Population Census of 1989: current population of union and autonomous republics, Autonomous regions and districts , territories, regions, districts, towns and villages performing the functions of district administrative centers. All-Union Population Census of 1989 [All-Union Population Census of 1989]
   .
   Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics [Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 - via Demoscope Weekly
   .
10. ^ abc Nizhny Tagil. 1964. From the chronicle of Nizhny Tagil
11. Every third T-34 tank was made in Nizhny Tagil
12. “The Statue of Liberty made of Russian copper?” .
13. "Statue of Liberty Copper".
14. "Climatic norms of Nizhny Tagil". Climate base. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
15. Law No. 30-OZ
16. Heads of the Ministry of Defense. Nizhny Tagil city
17. About the City Duma
18. ^ abc Luke, Alexandros Katsis and Maria. "Pollution, prisons, disease and raves: inside Russia's 'city of colorful skies'". Vice.com
    . Retrieved January 30, 2021.
19. ↑
    Andrew E. Kramer (February 25, 2021).
    "Labor Unrest Awakens as Russia's Economic Cooldown Sets in". New York Times
    . Retrieved February 25, 2021. While workers on the car side of the plant received two-thirds of their wages—about $260 a month—tank assembly lines are still running at full speed and workers are being paid in full.
20. ↑
    Holm, Michael.
    "42nd Missile Division". www.ww2.dk.
    _ Retrieved October 5, 2021.
21. Demidov dynasty. https://historyntagil.ru/books/11_12_26.htm
22. Libraries of Nizhny Tagil
23. European sanctions are hindering the creation of Demidov Park in Nizhny Tagil
24. "Industrial heritage as a potential for the development of old industrial areas."
25. Nizhny Tagil Technological Institute
26. "Archival copy". Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 31, 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
27. ↑
    Judah, Ben (April 15, 2013). A fragile empire: how Russia fell in and out of love with Vladimir Putin. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300185256. Retrieved January 30, 2021 - via Google Books.
28. Alekseev, Mikhail; Kolpakidi, Alexander; Kochik, Valery (2012). Encyclopedia of Military Intelligence, 1918-1945 [ Encyclopedia of Military Intelligence, 1918-1945
    ] (in Russian). Moscow: Kuchkovo Field: Military Book Association. p. 210. ISBN 978-5-9950-0219-2.
29. Lurie, Vyacheslav; Kochik, Valery (2002). GRU: business and people [ GRU: Business and people
    ]. Moscow: OLMA-PRESS. paragraph 144. ISBN 9785765414996.
30. "Nikita Soshnikov Statistics and News". NHL.com
    . Retrieved October 31, 2021.
31. "Nikita Soshnikov hockey statistics and profile on hockeydb.com". www.hockeydb.com
    . Retrieved October 31, 2021.
32. "Twin Cities". ntagil.org
    (in Russian). Nizhny Tagil. Retrieved February 2, 2021.