Website of the administration of the urban district "City of Kizlyar"

About the history of the city of Kizlyar

Kizlyar is one of the most ancient cities of the Republic of Dagestan. A small settlement existed on this territory many years ago, approximately from the 16th century. However, the official founding date of the city is considered to be 1735, when a fortress of the Russian army was built in this area. In 1722, the town was visited by Tsar Peter I during his Persian campaign.

From its very beginning it was a cosmopolitan city. Its founders are considered to be merchants - Tajiks from Central Asia. This place at the crossing of the Terek served as a transit point and inn for trade caravans and foreign embassies. Armenians, Georgians, Persians, Kumyks, Kabardians and Ossetians settled there. And after the construction of the fortress and the founding of a permanent garrison - Russians and Cossacks.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the majority of its population began to be Armenians. In 1807, the Russian government began to develop sericulture and viticulture in Kizlyar. The first vines that made up a small grape plantation were brought from the banks of the Rhine. In the 1840s, there was no longer a need for the military fortress of Kizlyar, and it was gradually eliminated.

In 1880, the now famous Kizlyar Cognac Factory opened its doors. Its founder was the outstanding Russian entrepreneur, scientist and philanthropist, graduate of St. Petersburg University David Sarajishvili (Sarajev). At the same time, at the end of the 19th century, due to the displacement of important trade routes, the emergence and development of new cities, Kizlyar lost its significance as an important city in the North Caucasus and turned into a provincial city. By the beginning of the revolutionary upheavals of 1917-1920. active business life in it completely died down, and the population was reduced by almost half. In particular, almost all the Armenians left.

City coat of arms

The city received a new impetus for development in the 1950s, when the territory to the right of the Terek River, which had previously been practically uninhabited, began to be intensively developed and populated. Now it makes up half of the city’s territory: there is an extensive private sector and a large modern microdistrict “Cheryomushki”. Kizlyar is an important railway junction of Dagestan.

Passenger trains regularly run through its station, connecting Moscow, Tyumen, Volgograd with Makhachkala and Grozny. In Kizlyar there are branches of the Dagestan State University and the Dagestan State Technical University, a medical school, a pedagogical college, and an electro-mechanical college.

During Soviet times, the city grew significantly, expanding no less than 6 times. The most active construction was carried out in the 60-80s of the 20th century. From former country roads, modern streets and highways arose, such as Victory Street, on which a beautiful modern Palace of Culture was opened in 1981.

Time washes away the features of the distant past. There are few interesting ancient buildings and structures preserved in Kizlyar. But they are on Lenin and Sovetskaya streets, which are actually included in the park complex. These are the houses of merchants, famous winemakers, and administrative buildings of the late 19th / early 20th centuries.

Kizlyar

Foundation of the Kizlyar fortress, 18th century

The foundation of Kizlyar dates back to 1735. The city began its history with a small military fortress, founded on the southwestern border of the Russian Empire. The place where the fortification was built was under the influence of the Chechens, which did not prevent Kizlyar from remaining an economic and political center for the peoples of the North-Eastern Caucasus.

According to most researchers, the city was named after the ancient name of the channel of the Terek River (modern Talovka). The word “kizlyar” has Turkic roots. However, scientists have not yet been able to find out exactly what word or phrase the name of the city comes from. According to one version, the original phrase is “kyzyl yar”, which means “red cliff”. Supporters of another version claim that the name of the city comes from the Turkic word for “girls”.

The land chosen for the construction of the fortress was protected by nature itself. The first settlements in this area appeared quite early, since many trade routes intersected in these places. Proof that this territory was never empty is the so-called Nekrasovskoe settlement. Experts believe that the remains of this settlement date back to the first three centuries AD. According to the Arabic-language chronicle “Derbend-name”, the Surkhab fortress stood on the land known as Kyzylyar. In 734, the Arab commander Merwan, who was destined to become the Baghdad caliph, reached this fortress. Mervan destroyed Surkhab.

Even before the founding of the fortress, in 1723-1725, the borders of the Russian Empire in the Caucasus shifted significantly, which caused the indignation of the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah, who demanded the restoration of the previous borders. The Russian government for a long time refused to respond to Nadir Shah's demands. However, in 1733, the Crimean-Chechen army defeated the Russian troops. This event suggested that the Russian Empire was not able to provide the necessary protection of the border territories.

The government of Empress Anna Ioannovna was forced to immediately conclude a peace treaty with Nadir Shah in 1735, according to which the Russian Empire had to reconsider the location of state borders. After the founding of the Kizlyar fortress (the official date is October 27, 1735), Cossacks from the fortification of the Holy Cross were transferred to it. Not only Russians lived in the fortress, but also Armenians, Chechens, Georgians, who had been in the service of the Russian Empire since time immemorial. To preserve national identity, representatives of one nationality were separated from the rest by an earthen rampart and built their own settlement. Each settlement on the territory of the fortress had the right to relative autonomy. This meant, first of all, freedom of religion. Slobodas were governed by elders who had the right to administer justice according to national laws.

A few years after its appearance, the Kizlyar fortress began to be rebuilt in accordance with the needs of the people living in it. The construction project for the fortress was created by engineer Luberas. In its final form, the fortress resembled a pentagon. It was surrounded by an earthen rampart and high walls. Cannons were installed in the loopholes of the fortification.

City in the 19th century

By the end of the 18th century, the Kizlyar fortress was abolished. By decree of Catherine II, the fortress received the status of a district town, belonging to the new Caucasian province. The boundaries of the county were drawn in 1786. After the abolition of the fortress, production became the main occupation of the city residents. Back in 1718, a factory for the production of silk yarn was founded near Kizlyar. By 1800, a number of factories were already operating in Kizlyar itself and its environs. The largest number of enterprises in Kizlyar were engaged in the production of wine and vodka products. The government could not ignore local winemaking, which was of great importance for the Russian economy. By decree of Emperor Alexander I, a winemaking school was founded in the vicinity of Kizlyar in 1806, which had its own experimental garden. The emperor invited specialists from Germany to teach at the educational institution. Experts brought with them new grape varieties. In the first half of the 19th century, the area of ​​vineyards in the vicinity of Kizlyar increased sharply. Kizlyar wines became famous throughout Russia.

Kizlyar became a political and economic center in the 19th century. By that time the city had grown significantly. In terms of area and population, it was significantly larger than cities such as Simferopol, Odessa, Kharkov, Poltava and Taganrog. Kizlyar was considered a kind of “Russian capital” in the Caucasus. The majority of the city's population were Russians. The Kizlyar commandants had power over all the peoples of the Central and North-Eastern Caucasus. There were a huge number of government offices in the city. The commandant's department maintained a whole staff of translators from Turkic, Caucasian and other languages. Kizlyar commandants were considered official representatives of imperial power in the Caucasus, and therefore had broad powers. They had the right to conduct negotiations and business correspondence on behalf of the Russian authorities with local princes. The Kizlyar government was authorized not only for peaceful activities. Very often punitive expeditions were sent from the city.

The cultural and spiritual traditions of Kizlyar were very diverse. Thanks to the multinationality of the city, different religions have always coexisted peacefully here. On the territory of the city there were several Christian churches, 3 monasteries, 7 mosques, a church and a synagogue.

In the second half of the 19th century, Kizlyar lost its former influence due to shifting trade routes. The city leadership no longer had the same influence on the residents of the Caucasus. An economic crisis is approaching in Kizlyar. The demographic situation is also worsening. The mortality rate significantly exceeds the birth rate, and population outflow begins. However, the city continues to be the center of the Kizlyar district. The city becomes economically and geographically dependent on Astrakhan and Grozny. According to the “List of Populated Places of the Terek Region” for 1883, 8,778 people of both sexes lived in Kizlyar - 4,904 males and 3,874 females. The male population significantly exceeded the female population; for every 100 men (not counting troops) there were only 79 women.

Kizlyar in the 20th century

In the “List of Populated Places of the Terek Region” for 1914, Kizlyar is listed as a city of the Kizlyar department, 239 versts from Vladikavkaz. The city's land ownership amounted to 7,824 dessiatinas 2,326 square fathoms, including convenient land - 7,778 dessiatines, forests - 46 dessiatines. There were 1,255 courtyards (houses) in the city, indigenous residents - 6,885 people (3,520 males and 3,365 females), settled newcomers - 1,770 people (1,035 males and 735 females), temporary residents - 3,475 people ( 2,395 males and 1,080 females). By nationality and religion, the indigenous population consisted of Russian Orthodox and Armenian Gregorians. In Kizlyar there were: a police department, 3 Orthodox churches, 3 Armenian churches, 4 mosques, the Holy Cross convent, a city school, a women's gymnasium, an infirmary, a bailiff's chamber, a notary, a justice of the peace, a city government, and an orphan's court.

The beginning of the twentieth century was no less a difficult test for the residents of Kizlyar than for residents of other Russian cities. During the civil war, the city was under siege for 4 months. During this time he was attacked several times. In 1918, Kizlyar was one of the first in Russia to be awarded the title “Hero City of the Civil War.” After the administrative-territorial reform, some regions of the Caucasus received new territorial units. The Terek region was liquidated. On the day of liquidation, November 17, 1920, the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created to replace the Terek region, which included 4 Cossack national departments and 5 mountain national districts. 2 years after its creation, the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was reorganized. The territory in which the Russian-speaking population predominated became part of the Terek province of the North Caucasus region. The rest was included in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. As a result of a number of administrative and territorial reforms, the city moved several times from one territorial entity to another. Currently, the city belongs to the Republic of Dagestan.

During the Great Patriotic War, residents of Kizlyar itself, as well as the Kizlyar district, participated in the construction of military fortifications on the approaches to the oil centers of the Soviet Union. 10 thousand soldiers left the city for the front. At the end of February 1944, the Ingush and Chechens were deported to Central Asia and Kazakhstan. On March 7, 1944, the formation of the Grozny Okrug, which was part of the Stavropol Territory, was announced.

The last 20 years of the 20th century became the saddest and most controversial in the history of Dagestan in general and Kizlyar in particular. After the change in the political system, acute conflicts began between once friendly peoples. Crisis moments appeared in spiritual and political life. But, despite religious extremism, interethnic hostility and the struggle for power, Kizlyar remains a Russian city. The tendency to maintain friendship between peoples has also not disappeared. Numerous difficulties could not stop the cultural and spiritual revival of the city, which began at the end of the twentieth century. Branches of higher educational institutions appeared in Kizlyar, and a temple was built in honor of St. George the Great Martyr. For some time now, the city has become a center for interregional religious conferences.

A significant contribution to the spiritual revival of the city was made by the local local history museum named after P. I. Bagration, which promotes the national culture of Dagestan. The work of the museum was awarded in 1987 with a 1st degree diploma from the Central Council of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments. For the 270th anniversary of the city, a new museum was opened in Kizlyar - the Museum of Modern History of Kizlyar.

Over the past twenty years, the local government of Kizlyar has been working to preserve the unique and diverse culture of the city. Modern Kizlyar, like many years ago, is considered a crossroads of Russian and Caucasian cultures. The comprehensive development of the city helps it live in a subsidy-free regime. In 2002 and 2003, the city took second place in the republican competition for the socio-economic development of Dagestan cities. In 2004, Kizlyar took first place in this competition. The city leadership sets itself the goal of strengthening friendship between the peoples living on the territory of Kizlyar.

Bagration Museum of Local Lore

The local museum of local history is named after the great Russian commander Peter Bagration, a hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, who was mortally wounded in the Battle of Borodino. The famous general, Suvorov's student and favorite, was born and raised in Kizlyar, and here in 1783 he began his military service - as a private in the Astrakhan infantry regiment, stationed in the city.

Bagration Museum of Local Lore

The local history museum of the city of Kizlyar dates back to 1961. Nowadays it is a branch of the Dagestan State United Historical and Architectural Museum. It is located in an ancient building built in 1913 – the former City Hall. Separate thematic exhibitions are dedicated to the biography of Peter Bagration; life and everyday life of the Terek Cossacks; Russian painting. In total, the collection of the local history museum includes more than 16.5 thousand exhibits.

Address: st. Gorky, 1.

Map

Kizlyar: photo from space (Google Maps) Kizlyar: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)

a brief description of

Located on the Caspian lowland, in the delta of the river. Terek, 170 km northwest of Makhachkala. Railway station. Road junction.

Territory (sq. km): 32

Information about the city of Kizlyar on the Russian Wikipedia site

Historical sketch

In the area of ​​modern Kizlyar in the 16th century. Russian border fortresses Terki-1 (1567), Terki-2 (1579), Terki-3 (1589) were founded.

The settlement of Kizlyar was first mentioned in 1652. Destroyed by a flood in 1725.

In 1735, General-in-Chief V.Ya. Levashov founded the first Russian fortress of Kizlyar, a system of border Caucasian fortified lines, named after its location on the river. Kizlyar (Terek channel). Attempts to explain Kizlyar from the Turkic kyz “girl” and -lyar plural indicator, linking the appearance of the name with the slave trade is a typical folk etymology. It is more correct to see in Kizlyar the Turkic “red cliff” (kyzyl + yar), which is in good agreement with the appearance of the name of the fortress later than the name of the river.

From the second half of the 18th century. Kizlyar is one of the important points of trade between Russia and the countries of the Near and Middle East. In 1755, a Russian border customs office was established in Kizlyar.

Since the 1730s in the Astrakhan province. Since 1785, a district town in the Caucasus region of the Caucasian governorship (in 1796-1803 - Astrakhan province), since 1803 in the Caucasus province.

In 1798, a significant number of Armenians moved here from Nagorno-Karabakh to escape extermination by Turkish and Iranian troops.

In 1831, during the Caucasian War, the city was devastated by the mountaineers, but was soon rebuilt.

In 1856, in the district town of Kizlyar, Stavropol province, there were 10 churches, 1,475 houses, 396 shops.

Since 1860, the center of the Kizlyar district (since 1905, a department) of the Terek region.

In 1922 it was included in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; in 1937-44 as part of the Ordzhonikidze (Stavropol) region, from 1944 to the Grozny region, in 1957 it was again transferred to Dagestan.

From the beginning of the 19th century. Kizlyar is the center of a large region of viticulture, winemaking (the first winemaking school in Russia was opened in 1805), fishing and fish trade. Gardening, cultivation of vegetables, melons, rice, and cultivation of mulberry cocoons were also developed in the region.

Economy

Wine and cognac factory (since 1885), Nizhnetersky canning factory (production of canned fruit and vegetables). JSC - “KEMZ” (electrical appliances), “KEAZ” (microswitches, consumer goods), “Cutter Factory”, “Bread Factory”, “Golden Calf” (meat processing plant), etc. Garment factory.

Rice and grapes are grown in the Kizlyar region.

Thermal water deposits.

Main enterprises

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND METAL WORKING

OJSC "Kizlyar Electromechanical Plant"
368800, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st.
Kutuzova, 1 Offers:
furniture, woodworking machines, jacks, single-seat airplanes, haymakers, electric vulcanizers

ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY

Kizlyar Electrical Equipment Plant
368802, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar,
Offers:
Low-voltage equipment

Culture, science, education

Museum of Local Lore named after P.I. Bagration (born in 1765 in Kizlyar).

Universities of the city

Dagestan State Technical University (Kizlyar branch)
368830, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st. Lenina, 6

St. Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics (Kizlyar branch)

368830, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st. Lenina, 14 WWW: https://www.kizlyar.engec.ru/

Branch of Dagestan State University in Kizlyar

368830, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st. S. Stalsky, 1st

Southern Federal University (Kizlyar branch)

368831, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st. Krasina, 42

Museums, galleries, exhibition halls

Kizlyar Museum of Local Lore named after. P.I.Bagration 368800, Republic of Dagestan, Kizlyar, st. Gorkogo, 1 Phone(s): 7-5385 Website: https://dagmuseum.ru/

Architecture, sights

The city is mainly built up with 2-3-story stone (mainly in the center) and one-story, mostly wooden, houses. The blocks are characterized by a rectangular layout with small areas.

Architectural monuments of the 19th century: buildings of the former City Government (now a museum), the Assembly of the Nobility, Kochkarev’s house, etc.

In the Cheryomushki area there are 5-story prefabricated panel houses with traditional Dagestan ornaments on the facades.

In the Kizlyar region, 5 km southeast of the village of Nekrasovka, there is an archaeological monument - “Nekrasovskoe fortified settlement” of the 2nd-3rd centuries.

The remains of the “Three-Walled Town” of the 16th century have been preserved. (east of Kizlyar, between the villages of Aleksandriyskaya and Krainovka).

Museum of Contemporary History of the City of Kizlyar

It was opened on the eve of the 270th anniversary of the city, in 2005. Its exhibitions highlight the history of the post-war period in the life of the city. They represent all enterprises, institutions, organizations, honored people of Kizlyar who contributed to the development and formation of the city. Within the walls of the museum, together with the city schools, ceremonies are held to present passports to newly minted 14-year-old citizens of the Russian Federation. In the museum you can see a solid collection of awards and their exact copies - from the time of Peter I to the present day. The total number of exhibits in the museum is more than five thousand.

Museum of Contemporary History of the City of Kizlyar

Address: st. Uritsky, 1.

Museum of History and Culture of the Terek Cossacks

The Cossack Museum has been operating in Kizlyar since 2007. The presented exhibitions demonstrate the life and everyday life of the Cossacks, their traditional crafts: fishing and hunting, pottery, carpet weaving. Various examples of festive and everyday clothing are presented, and the decoration of the upper room in the Cossack kuren is recreated. Separate exhibitions are dedicated to Russian folk arts and Orthodoxy.

Address: st. Sovetskaya, 17.

Kizlyar Brandy Factory Museum

A visit to this museum is the final part of an interesting tour of the plant, which became the founder of cognac production in Russia. Tourists are guided step by step through the workshops of the enterprise: wine materials workshop; hardware (distillation); aging shop; blending shop and bottling shop. Guests are shown the laboratory and, of course, the richly decorated tasting room. The museum displays awards won by Kizlyar cognacs at various international exhibitions; bottles with products from previous years (the oldest is from 1936) and all samples of modern products. Nowadays, the plant remains the official supplier of the Kremlin, and at protocol events, 15-year-old Rossiya cognac, made in Kizlyar, is placed on the tables.

Aging workshop of the Kizlyar Brandy Factory

Address: st. Ordzhonikidze, 60.

Central Park

Nothing has survived from the serious fortress of Kizlyar, which was an outpost of the Russian Empire in the Caucasus. In addition to some rarities that are kept in museums of the city and the Republic of Dagestan. Now on the site of the fortress there is an excellent Petrovsky Park, which has existed since the 60s of the 19th century. It is at this historically significant place that the Bagration Museum, several monuments and memorials are located, as well as a whole complex of cultural, sports and children's facilities, which together make up a favorite place of leisure for Kizlyar residents and guests of the city. The Peter the Great Park best conveys the general impression of the city and much of its long history.

Central Park

In 1960, at the intersection of two central historical streets - Lenin and Sovetskaya (Gimnazicheskaya and Bolshaya - in tsarist times), the main entrance arch was built. A bust of Peter I was installed right in front of her.

Monument in honor of the 250th anniversary of the founding of the Kizlyar fortress

This monument in Central Park is dedicated to a lost fortress that once played a huge role in the North Caucasus. Its commandant was considered the “boss” of the entire space from the Caspian to the Azov seas. It is not for nothing that the date of the founding of the fortress became the date of the founding of the city. The monument is dedicated to all Russians and Cossacks who laid the foundation for the city. However, the heroes of the sculptural composition were a worker, who raised his hammer and sickle high above his head, and a collective farmer, who simply raised her palm up, as if voting. This is not surprising, because the monument was erected in the Soviet era: in 1985, on the occasion of the 250th anniversary of Kizlyar.

Monument in honor of the 250th anniversary of the founding of the Kizlyar fortress

Address: st. Pervomayskaya, 2.

Kizlyar - Caucasian capital of the Russian Empire

02/14/2012 /16:51/ History of Kizlyar, which was throughout the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries.
the Caucasian capital of the empire and at the same time the economic and political center of the peoples of the North-Eastern Caucasus, is of great interest. The city was founded in 1735 as a Russian fortress on the border of the empire in the lower reaches of the Terek (on the northern channel 65 km from the river’s confluence with the Caspian Sea). This place was the territory of influence of the Chechen people, was not the property of any of the other mountain peoples of that time and was free from the claims of neighboring powers. The land chosen for the fortified city was protected by nature itself and was of a strategic nature. Thus, since ancient times, the lower reaches of the Terek River in the North Caucasus were an important section on the Caspian trade route (Great Silk Road), connecting the East with the countries of the eastern and western parts of Europe. Therefore, settlements arose here relatively early, serving as trade, security, transshipment and defensive centers. Proof of the above are the remains of the so-called. Nekrasovskoye settlement, dating back to the 1st-3rd centuries. AD, and data from the author of the Arabic-language historical work “Derbend-name”, who, describing the wars of the Arabs with the Khazars in the 7th century, mentions the “Surkhab fortress”, which was also known as “Kyzylyar” (Red, Golden cliff). In 734, it was reached by the Arab commander Merwan, the future caliph of Baghdad, who destroyed it. Russian authors of the 19th century to the historical sights of the “Kizlyar district”. The ruins of ancient medieval fortresses were also included: “Guen-Kala”, “Kopai-Kala”, the Tyumen town and the Russian Terek fortress (Terki). It was founded in 1588-1589. and existed until 1723. At the very beginning of the 17th century. here a large Okochanskaya settlement was formed, inhabited by Chechen Aukhovs who were in the “sovereign service” and who, a century later, moved in full force to Kizlyar. The settlement itself, and then the city of Kizlyar, began in the 16th century. immigrants from Iran and Central Asia who established a trading post on the left bank of the Terek at the Kizlyar transport. These were merchants by occupation, called in Russian documents of the 16th-17th centuries. "theses". In addition to the merchant settlement, in this place at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries. Terek governors founded the “Kizlyar Guard”, which was a kind of outpost, a customs post that guarded the crossing of the Terek and controlled the trade route here that connected the peoples of the Caucasus and Iran with Astrakhan and Russia. It is possible that it was this settlement, called Old Kizlyar, that Peter the Great visited in 1722, when he traveled around the Terek shores all the way to the village of Braguny in Chechnya. In 1723-1725 the garrison and mountain settlements of the Terek city, as well as part of the Terek Cossacks, are transferred to the lower reaches of the river. Sulak, to the location of the new fortress of the Holy Cross, established by the same Peter the Great during the Persian campaign. However, the new Russian border in the Caspian region, based on this fortress, did not last long. The Iranian power, strengthened under Nadir Shah, demanded the restoration of the former Russian-Iranian borders in the Caucasus. Shortly before this, in 1733, the united Crimean-Chechen army (Tsarevich Feti-Girey and Prince Aydemir) inflicted a decisive defeat on the river. Belaya (crossing area near Gudermes) to the Lieutenant General of the Russian service, the Prince of Hesse-Homburg, who was forced to lock himself in the fortress of the Holy Cross. This circumstance showed the insufficiency of the empire's means to protect the new border. The government of Empress Anna Ioannovna was forced to conclude a “friendly” Ganja Treaty with Nadirshah in 1735 and diverted the borders of the empire to the north to the extreme channel of the Terek. In the same 1735, General-in-Chief V. Ya. Levashov founded the Kizlyar fortress (Kizlyar fortress), where the Cossacks, North Caucasians, who had long been in the service of Russia (Chechens-Akkins, Kabardians, Kumyks, etc.), as well as Armenians and Georgians. The founding date of the Kizlyar fortress is considered to be October 27, 1735. The new Russian “city” outside the walls of the Kizlyar fortress consisted of settlement quarters, separated from each other by an earthen rampart: the Armenian settlement or Armentir, the Georgian settlement or Kurtse-aul, a quarter of mixed-tribal North Caucasians, those who converted to Christianity - Christian Village or Kristi-aul, Okochirskaya/Okochanskaya Sloboda or Okochir-aul - a quarter inhabited mainly by Chechens-Okochans and other immigrants from Chechnya, Cherkesskaya Sloboda or Cherkesskaya-aul, inhabited by Kabardians, Kazante-aul or Tatarskaya Sloboda, inhabited by Kazan Tatars, and Tezik-aul (merchant settlement), which occupied the eastern part of the city. These settlements enjoyed freedom of religion (there were mosques and even Muslim schools in which the highlanders of Chechnya studied) and were governed by a certain internal autonomy through their elders and “heads,” that is, elders - the heads of the settlements. The former Terek city Cossacks and the “newly baptized” highlanders who joined their class were resettled here near the fortress. On the left bank of the Terek between the Greben Cossacks and Kizlyar to the west of the fortress, the Agrakhan Cossack army, consisting of 452 families, settled. They formed the towns (stanitsa) of Borozdinovsky, Dubovsky and Kargalinsky. The settlers of these towns were called the Terek Family Cossack Army. On the left bank of the Terek between Kizlyar and the Caspian Sea, east of the fortress, 420 Cossack families were settled in several villages. And, naturally, the new fortress contained imperial regular infantry and cavalry units, sometimes up to several regiments, for which barracks and other necessary buildings were built. The fortress was rebuilt over time, and the construction of Kizlyar was carried out mainly according to the project developed in 1744 by the prominent fortification engineer General Lyuberas. In its final form, the fortress became a regular pentagon with five bastions and three ravelins. It was surrounded by strong walls with loopholes and watchtowers, an earthen rampart and a deep ditch filled with water. Cannons were installed on the walls of the fortress. The fortress had three gates: northern, eastern and southern. Drawbridges were adjacent to the gates. Military structures, a fort, salt and food warehouses, as well as a deep well with drinking water were erected inside the fortress. A stone cathedral church was also built here. To the southwest of the fortress, the first Russian, so-called, appeared. Soldatskaya Sloboda, where mostly retired soldiers and military personnel lived. In 1785, the Kizlyar fortress, by decree of Empress Catherine II, acquired the status of a district town of the new Caucasus province. At the beginning of 1786, the boundaries of the district were outlined: “Kizlyar district along the Kaspitsky sea to the mouth of the Terek and along it up to the very borders, where the dacha of the Grebensky army ends (between Chervlennaya and Kalinovskaya villages). From there straight to the north to the Kuma River; to the right of this line is the land of the Kizlyar district, to the left of the Mozdotsk district.” Thus, the Kizlyar district was distributed approximately equally between the modern regions of Chechnya and Dagestan. By 1800, not counting the military, about 5 thousand inhabitants lived in Kizlyar: including up to 1 thousand Okochans - descendants of people from Chechen societies, up to 1.5 thousand Armenians and 673 Georgians. The rest are Russians, Kabardians, Kumyks, Tatars and others. The appearance of Armenians on the Terek was associated with the name of the great reformer king: back in 1718, by decree of Peter the Great, the Armenian merchant Safar Barseghyan (Vasiliev) founded a “factory” for the production of silk yarn not far from Kizlyar, on the banks of the Terek. By the beginning of the 19th century. In Kizlyar and its environs, a number of handicraft-type factories and factories were already operating: 2 for the production of silk, 11 for fur and leather, 2 for the production of paints, 1 for the production of soap. In Kizlyar there were also 46 handicraft vodka factories that worked with raw materials from grapes. The importance that local winemaking had for the Russian economy did not go unnoticed by the government. In 1806, by decree of Alexander the First, a winemaking school with its own experimental garden was founded in the vicinity of Kizlyar. Experts from Germany were invited and brought with them new grape varieties. Kizlyar wines were exported to Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod, Kharkov and Stavropol. In the first half of the 19th century. The number and area of ​​vineyards around Kizlyar and along the Terek increases sharply. Kizlyar vineyards and factories produced several million buckets of wine and grape vodka, which covered half the needs for these products throughout the Russian Empire. By the beginning of the 19th century, as in the 18th century, the city played an important role throughout the south of Russia, being, in fact, the political and economic center of the empire in the North Caucasus. By that time, Kizlyar had become quite a large city. So, in 1811 it was five times larger than Simferopol, three times larger than Novocherkassk and Taganrog, slightly larger than Odessa, Poltava and Kharkov. By 1825, about 15 thousand people already lived in it (without troops and newcomers). After Kyiv and Astrakhan, it was considered the largest city in the southern part of Russia. In the Caucasus, only Tiflis, with a population of 30 thousand, was larger than Kizlyar. In terms of trade volume, Kizlyar occupied first place in the Caucasus and in Russia's foreign trade with the countries of the East. Kizlyar was of particular importance for the nearby peoples of Chechnya and Dagestan. In the XVIII - early XIX centuries. Kizlyar is a kind of “Russian capital” in the Caucasus. For a long time, the Kizlyar commandants held military and civil power over the “subject peoples” of the North-Eastern and Central Caucasus. Government institutions functioned here, and the commandant’s department maintained a large staff of translators from Arabic, Turkic and Caucasian languages. The Kizlyar commandants not only implemented the imperial policy towards the mountain peoples, but also, on behalf of the government and foreign departments, were in regular correspondence with the ruling princes of the North Caucasus and with representatives of states neighboring the Caucasus. Here, in the archive of the Kizlyar commandants, all correspondence for the 18th century with Chechen princes and elders, intelligence information, sometimes about the most distant mountain societies of Chechnya, as well as expeditions of the tsarist troops and their political results, was presented. A very representative body of documents is about the uprising of Imam Mansur and his campaign against Kizlyar in the summer of 1785. Kizlyar not only fought, negotiated, traded, concluded agreements or organized sometimes bloody punitive expeditions against Chechnya and Dagestan. For centuries, Kizlyar has developed its own traditions, culture and spirituality. Suffice it to say that in the 19th century. in Kizlyar there were 3 monasteries and 10 Christian churches, 7 mosques, a synagogue and a church. There were parish, military and national schools and colleges. Around the city, gardens and vineyards bloomed in abundance. The development of viticulture became the basis for the enormous success of Kizlyar wine producers, who became famous first for the production of special grape vodka “Kizlyarka”, and then, at the end of the 19th century, for the production of the first Russian cognac (in 2005, the Kizlyar Brandy Factory celebrated its 120th anniversary). An important source of income for the residents of the Kizlyar region was fishing for valuable sturgeon species. But in general, in the second half of the 19th century. the emergence of new cities and the displacement of important trade routes led to Kizlyar losing its significance as the main Russian city of the North Caucasus. There is a decline in trade and economy. At the same time, until the first decades of the 20th century. The demographic situation is also deteriorating: with a high mortality rate, the absence of an influx of population from other regions and the constant outflow of its own population, the population of Kizlyar compared to the mid-19th century. decreased by half. But the city, until the civil war in Russia, remained the center of the large Kizlyar district of the Terek region and the Kizlyar department of the Terek Cossack army. Economically and geographically, it was now not only connected, but dependent on the nearby industrial and commercial Grozny and the more distant Astrakhan. XX century period It turned out to be a difficult time for Kizlyar. The people of Kizlyar had to endure great trials during the civil war, when the city was under complete blockade for 4 months and was attacked more than once. Then, in 1918, Kizlyar was one of the first in the country, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caspian-Caucasian Front, to be awarded the honorary title “Hero City of the Civil War.” It should be noted that during the Great Patriotic War, Kizlyar itself and the Kizlyar region participated in the construction of military fortifications on the approaches to the oil centers of the country - Grozny, Baku, and sent up to 10 thousand soldiers to the front. To its present situation, the Kizlyar region, which before the civil war was the so-called. The Kizlyar department of the Terek Cossack army, which included the villages along the Sunzha and Terek in Chechnya and almost all the Cossack lands of the lower reaches of the Terek in modern Dagestan, took a long time. Thus, on November 17, 1920, the liquidation of the Terek region took place and at the congress of peoples of the Terek region on the same day the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed as part of the RSFSR, which included 5 mountain national districts and 4 Cossack national departments: Pyatigorsk, Mozdok, Sunzhensky, Kizlyar, Chechen, Khasavyurt, Nazran, Vladikavkaz, Nalchik. The creation of the Mountain ASSR was secured by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR dated January 20, 1921. On January 20, 1922, the Mountain ASSR was reorganized: part of the territory with a Russian-speaking population (Mozdok department) became part of the Terek province of the North Caucasus region, and the other (Kizlyar department) was included in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic along with the Khasavyurt district (Aukhov Chechens and Kumyks). By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR of November 16, 1922, practically the entire Russian left bank of the Terek within the borders of modern Chechnya and part of the Stavropol region (Achikulak region) for unclear reasons found itself within the borders of a purely agrarian multilingual mountainous Dagestan. Apparently, sound economic and political considerations prevailed, and by the final Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated February 22, 1938, the former Kizlyar department and the Achikulak district, now as part of the Achikulak, Kayasulinsky, Karanogai, Kizlyar and Shelkovsky districts of the DASSR, were transferred to the Ordzhonikidze region (January 2, 1943 the city was renamed Stavropol Territory). On February 23, 1944, Chechens and Ingush were deported to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. On March 7, it was announced the abolition of the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the formation of the Grozny Okrug as part of the Stavropol Territory. On March 22, the Grozny region was formed as part of the RSFSR (Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 22, 1944). The territories of the former Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were partially distributed to the Georgian SSR, SOASSR and DASSR. In turn, parts of the steppe lands of the Stavropol Territory adjacent to the Terek and Caspian Sea are transferred to the Grozny region. Kizlyar in the new region became a city of regional subordination and the center of the district of the same name. The following Terek and Caspian regions appeared as part of the Grozny region: Karanogaisky, Kargalinsky, Kayasulinsky, Kizlyarsky, Krainovsky, Naursky, Tarumovsky and Shelkovsky. The leading industrial region of the North Caucasus, the flagship of the USSR oil industry, thereby received its access to the Caspian Sea. On January 9, 1957, the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was restored by resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR No. 721 of February 6, 1957. In connection with the formation of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the return of the repressed peoples of Checheno-Ingushetia to their former place of residence, the former areas of the Grozny region that were not included in composition of the restored Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, included in other subjects of the RSFSR. Karanogai, Kizlyar, Krainovsky, Tarumovsky districts and the city of Kizlyar were transferred this time to the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The Achikulak and Kayasulinsky districts became part of the Stavropol Territory, and the Kargalinsky, Naursky and Shelkovsky (once historical remote lands of Chechnya) remained part of the restored autonomy. This was done based on economic feasibility and with the aim of maintaining a larger share of the Russian-speaking population in the restored autonomy. Thus, from a brief excursion it is clear that the Caspian regions of Russia and Kizlyar in particular freely and repeatedly changed their territorial affiliation and configuration, based on the practical needs of the economic and political development of the southern part of Russia. This was largely explained by the peculiarities of the historical development of these steppe regions, which have changed their inhabitants dozens of times since ancient times. Islam BAUDINOV, Dukuvakha ABDURAKHMANOV

Walk of Fame and Memory Monument

The Walk of Fame is located in the Central Park of the city of Kizlyar, and continues the architectural ensemble of its entrance arch, from Pervomaiskaya Street. The alley was founded in memory of Soviet soldiers who gave their lives during the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Previously, in its place there was a parade ground for Russian soldiers and officers who served in the Kizlyar fortress.

The main part of the memorial is the “Memory” monument - a sculptural composition depicting a cavalry rider and infantry soldiers; as well as a stone pantheon with the names of fellow countrymen who died in the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. In 2012, here in memory of the Patriotic War of 1812, in which the Terek Cossacks took part along with the great Bagration, a large memorial stone was erected on the marble steps. Flower beds, plantings, and alleys converge at the arch with the sculpture of the Goddess of Victory. If you look from above, you get the appearance of a rocket. This is a symbolic reflection of the history of the city of Kizlyar through wars and sacrifices - to the future.

My Dagestan

The city received its name thanks to the Terek channel of the same name. “Kyzyl Yar” is translated from the Turkic language as “red cliff”. There is a belief that the name comes from the Turkic “kyzlar” - girl, since slave trade was carried out in these places in ancient times.

Geographical position

The city is located in the Caspian lowland, on the left bank of the Terek River. Although it is separated from the Caspian Sea by 65 kilometers, the climate here is influenced by the Caspian Sea: short winters with frequent thaws and hot summers with dry winds. In the west, Kizlyar borders with Chechnya.

Story

In ancient times, the lower reaches of the Terek River were an important section of the Caspian trade route, which connected the East with the states of Europe, which contributed to the emergence of settlements here in the 2nd-3rd centuries AD. This is proven by the remains of the Nekrasov settlement, found by archaeologists. Although the founding date of modern Kizlyar is officially considered to be 1735, when the construction of the Kizlyar fortress began, it is known that a permanent settlement existed here for 200 years before that.

Kizlyar residents are rightfully proud of the history of their wonderful city. In 1765, the commander and hero of the War of 1812, Peter Bagration, was born here. His mother is buried in Kizlyar. The local history museum is named after Bagration.

The city has memorial places associated with the names of Peter the Great, A.V. Suvorov, M.Yu. Lermontov, N.I. Pirogov, L.N. Tolstoy and other great sons of Russia.

Population and religious foundations

The population of Kizlyar is 51.5 thousand people. Almost half of it is Russian - 48.6%, 15.4% - Avars, 11.7% - Dargins, 5% - Kumyks, 4% - Kumyks, 3.2% - Laks, 2.5% - Armenians, 1 .8% are Azerbaijanis, 1.4% are Nogais, 1.3% each are Tabasarans and Rutuls, 1.1% are Chechens, 0.1% are Aguls.

The multinational population of Kizlyar professes different religions. In addition to Orthodox and Armenian churches, there have always been mosques, a synagogue, a Catholic church, a Lutheran community, and a Buddhist temple. Historians note the incredible tolerance and mutual understanding of the city’s residents. Traditions of respectful treatment of representatives of various faiths are passed on from generation to generation.

Production

Kizlyar is famous for its cognac production. The first Russian cognac factory was built in this city in 1885. Now it produces 12 types of cognac, 9 of which are vintage. There are electrical hardware and electromechanical factories in the city. PP Kizlyar LLC, which produces cold bladed and souvenir weapons, is developing rapidly. Its products are supplied to many countries in Europe, the USA, and the UAE.

Residents of Kizlyar love their city and feel comfortable here, which is confirmed by the high birth rate and the increase in the number of higher and secondary educational institutions. Otherwise it can not be. After all, a city with a glorious history, occupying one of the first places in the republic in terms of its socio-economic level, undoubtedly has excellent development prospects.

Memorial to victims of terrorist attacks in Kizlyar

On January 9, 1996, sabotage groups of Chechen terrorists committed an inhumane war crime in Kizlyar. They repeated the June 1995 raid on the city of Budyonnovsk: they took a large number of hostages and locked themselves in the building of the city hospital. And then, hiding behind them as a human shield, they went on buses to the territory of Chechnya. 78 people died. A monument with the mournful face of a crying mother is dedicated to the memory of these victims. On March 31, 2010 and February 18, 2021, two more terrorist attacks were committed in Kizlyar. In the first case, 12 people died from two explosions; in the second, five people (all women) died from shooting at parishioners of an Orthodox church with a hunting rifle at the hands of an Islamic terrorist.

Monument to Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration

The poor house in which the Russian commander was born and raised has not survived. Approximately at the place where he was located, a memorial to an outstanding fellow countryman was erected in Kizlyar. It consists of a large and massive bust of the general, mounted on a high pedestal, and an extensive stand at the back of the monument, with paintings from his biography. The brave warrior was Georgian by nationality; was born and raised on Dagestan soil, and in spirit and worldview he always considered himself Russian.

Monument to Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration

Location: intersection of Kirov and Bagration streets.

Russian domestic policy

Kizlyar has always been considered the most Russian city in Dagestan. This was the case even before the revolution, and just a decade ago Russians were the majority in Kizlyar. Not anymore: Russians are fleeing the city, abandoning their homes, leaving houses and the graves of their ancestors. What remains are pensioners, Russian wives of local non-Russian men, and those few who, for one reason or another, have not yet been able or did not want to leave.

Population replacement

The replacement happened very quickly and is now almost complete. More recently, in 1989, Russians in Kizlyar (city) were 62%, and in 2010 only 40% remained. In the Kizlyar district it was 37%, now 19%, in the Tarumovsky district 30%, now 19%. According to the 1970 census, Russians are still the majority in these places. The Dagestan peoples are moving non-stop to the plains (literally descending from the mountains), and this process is somewhat reminiscent of the Kosovo scenario: the settlers had a higher birth rate than the autochthonous population, and it gradually decreased in percentage terms. The figures for all of Dagestan are as follows: in 1989, Russians made up 10% of the total population, in 2010 - only 3%. Another important factor is the marriages of Russian women with Caucasian men. Children from such unions in most cases perceive a Caucasian identity, not a Russian one, and become part of their father’s people. People who oppose such marriages are branded radicals and fascists in the Russian community (at the same time, the ban on Dagestani women marrying Russian guys is a “beautiful local tradition”). However, this is still Soviet practice. We can endlessly talk about the Islamization of Europe, the “fraternal relations of the peoples of Russia,” the “united Russian people,” multinationality, but dry statistics tell us that the Russian population of Dagestan, and almost all the national republics of the North Caucasus, continues to decrease. There is a quiet exodus of Russians, including due to everyday xenophobia and unspoken pressure, although officially the authorities of the republics are trying to slow down the process. This applies not only to Kizlyar and the surrounding territory, but also, for example, to the “Russian region” of Kabardino-Balkaria - the northwestern part of the republic (the cities of Maisky and Prokhladny), the west of Karachay-Cherkessia, other territories, not to mention the former Russian villages of modern Chechnya. Paradoxically, multinational and people-friendly policies are dividing the Russian Federation, preparing fertile ground for Caucasian separatism. Separating from Russia when there are 40% Russians in your republic is one conversation. When 3% is completely different. As for Dagestan, it can be stated that the Russian issue there has been practically resolved, and the Russians have lost the land that belonged to them for the previous 500 years. Population replacement is completed, and the expansion of the Caucasian peoples is spreading to neighboring regions - in particular, to the eastern territories of the Stavropol Territory. But together we defeated fascism.

More details: https://novorossia.pro/1939-sip-proshay-kizlyar-…

Religious sites

In Kizlyar there is the Cathedral Church of St. George the Victorious (built in 1995), as well as the Temple of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (built in 1795) assigned to it, located in the cemetery, as well as the Holy Cross Convent with a temple in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Recovery of the Lost” (1735- 1918, revived in 2007).

A spiritual and educational center was organized at the Council, at which a library of Orthodox literature was created; a Sunday school with about 150 children, and a charity refectory.

Address of St. George's Cathedral: st. Sovetskaya, 14.

St. George's Cathedral in Kizlyar

St. Nicholas Church at the Orthodox cemetery became the only temple that survived the years of Soviet power. It also runs a Sunday school.

Address of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker: st. Radishcheva 17.

The Holy Cross Convent is the same age as the city: it was founded in 1735, shortly after the creation of the Kizlyar fortress. True, the monastery was for men. It was repeatedly attacked by mountaineers, was ruined by them, but was revived again. In 1908, the monastery was converted into a convent. During the civil war it was liquidated and looted. It was revived only in 2007.

Location of the monastery: st. Road, next to the Orthodox cemetery.

The central mosque of Kizlyar is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Imam Shamil. In April 2015, as a result of a fire, it was completely burned out from the inside. But it was rebuilt within a year and opened in the summer of 2016. At the southern entrance to the city, on Gamidov Street, there is another new mosque. And in the Cheryomushki microdistrict, on Tsiolkovsky Street, since 2021, construction has been underway on a huge mosque that can accommodate up to twenty thousand parishioners at the same time. This mosque has three floors (18 meters), four minarets 21 meters high and a main dome.

MirIstorii.ru - History in detail

Our small Kizlyar, located in the delta of the Terek River on the Caspian lowland, is an industrial and cultural center, a transport hub of the Northern region of the Republic of Dagestan.
Kizlyar has been known in Russian history since the mid-17th century, and according to some sources, the settlement has been mentioned since the time of Ivan the Terrible. The history of Kizlyar is inextricably linked with the name of Peter I, who back in 1710 instructed the Moscow merchant Safar Vasiliev to organize silk production in the lower reaches of the Terek. In 1722, Peter I visited our area during the Persian campaign. According to his Decrees, the fortress of the Holy Cross on Sulak and fortifications at the Kizlyar settlement were built. This made it possible for thousands of immigrants and refugees from all regions of the Caucasus to become subjects of Russia and develop viticulture, sericulture, and crafts.

Kizlyar acquired the status of a city in 1735, when, under the leadership of Chief General Vasily Yakovlevich Levashov, a new fortress was erected, which became the basis of a multinational city and the southern outpost of Russia.

In the 18th century, Kizlyar was a scientific base for large-scale ethnographic research, studying the possibility of developing rich natural resources. Many scientific expeditions that studied the Caucasus region were formed here.

For centuries, Kizlyar has developed its own traditions, culture and spirituality. Suffice it to say that in the 19th century in Kizlyar there were 3 monasteries and 10 Christian churches, 7 mosques, a synagogue, and a church. There were parish, military and national schools and colleges.

Around the city, gardens and vineyards bloomed in abundance. The development of viticulture became the basis for the enormous success of Kizlyar wine producers, who became famous first for the production of special grape vodka “Kizlyarka”, and then, at the end of the 19th century, for the production of cognacs. In 2005, the Kizlyar Brandy Factory celebrated its 120th anniversary.

The history of Kizlyar in the 20th century was difficult for the city. The residents of Kizlyar had to endure great trials during the civil war, when for 4 months the city was under complete blockade and was attacked more than once. Then, in 1918, Kizlyar was one of the first to be awarded the title “Hero City of the Civil War” by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caspian-Caucasian Front. The following years were marked by repressions of decossackization and the destruction of churches. Since that time, one St. Nicholas Church has been preserved in Kizlyar, which today has become the oldest functioning church in Dagestan. The city also survived administrative arbitrariness, when its subordination changed several times - Terek region, DASSR, Ordzhonikidze region, Stavropol region, Grozny region. Since 1957, Kizlyar again began to relate to Dagestan.

The most terrible test was the Great Patriotic War, in which 10 thousand Kizlyar residents gave their lives for the freedom of the country. In honor of those who died, in the year of the 50th anniversary of the Victory, the “Memory” memorial was erected in Kizlyar. Now, for the 60th anniversary of the Victory, its expansion is being actively carried out, and on May 9, 2005, more than 1,500 names of those who returned from the front, revived their hometown with their labor, but did not live to see this bright date, will appear on the plaques of the memorial.

In the troubled year of 1942, our city again became front-line, fought and survived, overcoming all adversity. The labor feat of the Kizlyar residents at that time was the construction of the Kizlyar-Astrakhan railway. In 10 months, more than 7,000 city residents built a railway track, which became the road of life for Stalingrad.

After the war, Kizlyar preserved and strengthened the brotherhood of peoples, developed a diversified processing industry, mechanical engineering and electrical production. Wine and cognac production was raised to world heights. Kizlyar has become a stable economic and socio-political center of the Northern region of the Republic of Dagestan. Our city, the only one in the republic, was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor in 1980.

The last years of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries became the most difficult and controversial period in the history of the city for Kizlyar. With the change in the social system and reforms, acute crisis moments appeared in the spiritual, political, and economic spheres. Factors such as the proximity of Chechnya, religious Islamic extremism, the emergence and struggle for power of national movements and clans became extremely negative for the city. The problems of the repressed peoples, the Cossacks, have worsened. But Kizlyar not only survived all these years, it helped strengthen stability in the republic, actively developed sister-city ties with cities and regions of Russia, which was of great importance for those who were under transport, economic and sometimes economic blockade. Since 1992, Kizlyar has concluded agreements of friendship and mutual assistance with Budennovsk, Zheleznovodsk of the Stavropol Territory, Odintsovo - Moscow Region, Kolpino - St. Petersburg, Anapa - Krasnodar Territory, Azov - Rostov Region, friendly ties have been established with the distant Primorsky Territory.

The fact that Kizlyar was and remains a Russian city, the strength of the Russian factor saved Dagestan from the mass manifestation of extremism and participation in a senseless war. Our city has preserved the fraternal friendship of peoples, proving its fidelity to traditions in January 1996 and August 1999.

Despite all the difficulties, in the last years of the 20th century, Kizlyar became a symbol of the revival of spirituality and an example of cultural development. The Church of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious was erected, uniting all the churches of the Kizlyar and neighboring Tarumovsky districts of the republic. Branches of higher educational institutions appeared, including in cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg. Our city has become a student city, has become younger and at the same time has become the center of many regional and interregional scientific conferences.

As a cultural center, Kizlyar every year attracts guests to regional festivals of arts and children's creativity. Significant scientific work is carried out by the local history museum named after. P.I. Bagration, which preserves and promotes the history and traditions of the peoples of the Northern region of Dagestan. The work of the museum in 1987 was awarded a 1st degree diploma from the Central Council of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments. Considering the large amount of materials that replenish the museum’s funds and the lack of exhibition space, a new museum “Modern History of Kizlyar” was opened in Kizlyar for the 270th anniversary of the city, which fully reflects the history of the city in the second half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. The museum is housed in an old reconstructed building, an architectural monument.

The work of local self-government bodies carried out over the past twenty years is aimed at preserving the rich history and traditions of Russian-Caucasian relations, the awareness of every Kizlyar resident of patriotism as the main value and shrine. Residents of the city always remember the words of our great fellow countryman P.I. Bagration: “Die yourself, but don’t give up your Motherland or honor to anyone!” According to this covenant, the people of Kizlyar have always lived and live now, achieving heights in work, spiritual revival, and sports. During these difficult years, monuments to V.Ya. were erected. Levashov, A.S. Pushkin, the First Teacher, Primorye Soldiers. The Fountain of Friendship was opened, the only club “Veteran” in the republic was created and operates, a recreation center was opened on the shores of the Caspian Sea, and much more was done. The comprehensive development of the city allowed Kizlyar, the only one in the republic to live and work in a subsidy-free regime, in 2002 and 2003 to take second place in the republican competition for the socio-economic development of cities, and in 2004 to take first place.

Today Kizlyar lives and works, developing connections with other cities and regions, trying to learn from the experience of historical cities of Russia in order to become more modern and preserve its original historical appearance and traditions. In order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage in the city, objects have been identified that are worthy of being included in the federal program for the preservation of architectural monuments and becoming tourism sites. These are places and buildings associated with the names of L.N. Tolstoy, N.I. Pirogov, General Ermolov and other great people. At the same time, the city faces the tasks of improving it, ensuring environmental safety and preserving the unique corners of Kizlyar nature. Industrial enterprises of the city, public organizations, and the scientific potential of Kizlyar universities are actively involved in this work, and a chronicle of the city is constantly being maintained.