Shuya is a city in the Ivanovo region, the former center of the appanage Shuya principality. Famous for one of the tallest bell towers in all of Europe. Shuya is included in the route of the Golden Ring of Russia.
The city belonged to the Shuisky princes, the most famous of whom, Vasily Shuisky, became famous for his reign during the Time of Troubles. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, the city was included in the oprichnina lands. Shuya is located at the intersection of rivers, which contributed to the development of trade relations and the textile industry. This place was visited by Peter the Great, Elizaveta Petrovna and Alexander II.
Shuya is secretly included in the route of the Golden Ring. Here you can read what other cities belong to it and what you can see very close to Shuya.
And more historical and natural attractions around Shuya can be found in the review material on the Ivanovo region.
Shuya city and Shuya river
The city of Shuya is named after the Shuya River, which flows into the Teza. The Ivanovo River Shuya has several namesakes. These are rivers in the basin of Lake Onega, the White Sea, tributaries of the Orsha and Unzha. Therefore, the city of Shuya also has namesakes, for example in Valdai: “...between the large trunks of pine trees, a village can be seen below. A handful of houses. Smoke from pipes. A cart full of hay is crawling across the plain towards the village. Two dogs are running around the outermost hut, and magpies are diving in the air over houses and gardens. You find the name of the village on the map. Shuya... You walk along the ridge, and sleepy Shuya looms for a long time between the pines on the right" (See Peskov V.M. Valdai frost - in the book: Forest Eyes. M., 1979, p. 101.)
What is the origin of the name of the river Shuya? Ours, Ivanovo’s, and the rest?..
There is a fairly common version about the Slavic roots of this hydronym: the name Shuya is explained by the Slavic shuytsa - “left”. Ivanovskaya Shuya really lies on the left bank of the Teza River. And shuytsa could be opposed to the right hand... But the whole point is that the area of the name with the base shuya on the map of Russia practically nowhere closes with the area of the name with the base desn-. What could this mean? Most likely, the stems belong to languages of different families. So, the name Shuya is not Slavic? So which one?
Parks and monuments, streets
Scrooge McDuck sculpture
Address: Komsomolskaya square, 14
The most unusual attraction of Shuya. The initiator of the creation of the sculpture was the manager of the Moscow Industrial Bank A. Baranov.
The figure of the Disney cartoon character is made of metal. The author of the work is Yu. Zapiskin, who creates “Clean Field” figures located in the area of a household trash can. The sculpture of the greedy duck is loved by tourists who take photographs with it.
Monument to the Russian New Martyrs
Address: Green Square
The monument appeared in 2007 on the main square of the city, created with donations from clergy and businesses. Dedicated to believers who were persecuted by the Bolsheviks in the 1920s during the anti-religious campaign. The author of the sculpture is A. Rukavishnikov.
In 1922, clergy and parishioners took to the square to protest against the looting of the Resurrection Cathedral, government troops dispersed the crowd with machine gun fire, after which a trial was held, condemning the city clergy.
Park of Culture and Recreation
Address: Pervomaiskaya, 7
In 1872, a city garden was built on the site of a birch grove. In Soviet times, this place became a city park, its territory expanded, and paths were laid out. Sculptures from Pavlov’s estate were moved to the park: “The Three Graces” and two fountain bowls. Two marble lions were delivered from Rubachev's estate to the park.
In the 1950s there was a cinema here, now only ruins remain. There is also an Old Believer church on the territory. The park overlooks the Teza River.
Toponymy of the city of Shuya
They tried to find out the meaning of the name Shuya back in the 18th century. The historian I.N. Boltin (1735-1792) was the first to do this: he emphasized the antiquity of the city and argued that the word Shuya is of Sarmatian (!) origin and means “capital”. Of course, such an assumption was naive.
Only one thing is obvious: the name is not Slavic, but is based on a Finno-Ugric root, which is quite justified from a historical point of view. It can be assumed that such a root could be suo - “swamp” (exists, for example, in modern Finnish). For a long time in the city of Shuya there was a large swamp - right next to the fortifications, and the street nearby was called Bolotnaya. The initial sound of this word could sound like sh or something between sh and s (remember the Karelian-Finnish “lisp” s ). Therefore, the word could be perceived and transmitted by Russians with the initial sh . Well, I (a) , apparently, is an indicator of the feminine gender (after all, the name refers to the word “river”), which arose already on Russian soil. The word suja, which in some Finno-Ugric languages has the meaning “thawed” as well as “open,” could also become the productive basis of the hydronym. In the Mari language this stem means “flood”. From the point of view of nomination principles, such a hypothesis is quite viable.
In terms of further development of this version, it is possible to analyze the fact that the Samoyed and Proto-Ugric languages are characterized by a word-formation model that necessarily includes a geographical term that determines the nature of the object. From this point of view, the name Shuya can be formed not just from “swamp” (shuo), but from “swamp river” (shuo-oya). At the same time, scientists also know the Slavic hydronyms Shuya; other Russian rivers and rivers with the name Shuya can be translated not as Swamp Rivers, but as Left Rivers.
Routes on the map of Shuya. Transport infrastructure
A railway line runs through the city, going south to Savino, and north to Ivanovo. Shuya station receives passenger trains heading to Moscow and St. Petersburg. Also, commuter trains to Kovrov and Ivanovo pass through it.
- Shuya is located on the P152 highway connecting Rostov with Nizhny Novgorod. It provides access to the federal highways M7 and M8 .
- From north to south, the settlement is crossed by the regional highway P71 Seninskie Dvoriki-Kineshma, which joins the M7 .
Public transport runs along the city streets, and a dozen and a half bus routes have been developed.
From the local bus station you can get to many settlements in the Ivanovo region, including:
- Kineshma;
- Yuzha;
- Palekh;
- Puchezh;
- Pestyaki;
- Ivanovo.
There are also intercity routes to Moscow, Kostroma, Kovrov, Murom, Yaroslavl, transit buses go to Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary and Vladimir.
Shuya as Borisoglebskaya Sloboda
The city on the Shuya River did not immediately accept its name. In historical documents it is called either Shuya or Borisoglebskaya Sloboda. Parallelism can also be traced in the following fact: in the charter of Ivan the Terrible, the Lazarev nobles are directly told that their estate is located in the Borisoglebsky, or Shuisky, camp. Why Borisoglebskaya Sloboda? The fact is that Shuya Posad had this name (Vladimir Provincial Gazette, 1846, No. 11; Description of the city of Shuya and its environs. M., 1851, p. 3.). It was formed according to the church in honor of Boris and Gleb (i.e. Borisoglebskaya). The mention in the sources of Shuya as the Borisoglebskaya settlement, it seems, is also not accidental: the importance of the trade and craft settlement was greater compared to the small fort - the city of Shuya itself.
Both in chronicles and in official documents the toponym Shuya appears almost simultaneously - in the first half of the 16th century. In the chronicles we find it under 1539: then Shuya suffered from the raid of the Kazan king Safa-Girey. The oldest document mentioning Shuya is a letter from Ivan the Terrible: “...you granted Ignatius Borisovich Golokhvastov the town of Shuya with truth and with a stain and with a tavern for feeding” (Quoted from: Description of the city of Shuya..., f. 5-6.). We also find mention of Shuya as a city in the famous spiritual letter of Ivan the Terrible, dated June - August 1572: “Yes, I bless my son Fyodor, I give him the city of Suzdal... and the city of Shuya with volosts, and with roads, and with villages, and with all duties" (See Spiritual and contractual documents..., p. 442.).
Historical sites and museums
Balmont Literary and Local Lore Museum
Address: pl. Lenina, 2 Phone: Website: https://balmontmuseum.ru/ Opening hours: 10:00-17:00 Tue-Fri; 10:00-16:00 Sat, Sun; Mon – closed
The museum is located in the historical part: in the suburb next to the Kremlin. The former building of the Shuya City Duma, the style is neo-Russian.
The museum opened in 1968 to highlight local folk history. Received its current name in 2007. The museum presents various exhibitions dedicated to the nature of the region, the history of the city, and the life and work of the poet.
The exhibition presents the pedigree of the Balmont family, documents and photographs of the poet and his parents, collections published during his lifetime, cutlery with initials, and a silver pen. The museum also houses collections of porcelain, works by Makovsky and Levitan.
Since 1989, the museum has hosted Balmont readings, competitions and children's festivals, and master classes.
Shuya Museum and Cultural Center named after. M. V. Frunze
Address: st. M. Belova 11/13 Phone: 8 (49351) 3-86-20 Opening hours: 10.00-17.00 Tue-Fri; 10.00-15.00 Sat, Sun; Mon – closed
One of the oldest museums in the Ivanovo region, unique in its profile - a revolutionary museum dedicated to the life of M. V. Frunze, a Soviet figure and revolutionary.
The main exhibition of the museum is “Time and Fate”, dedicated to the history of the city and the activities of the Red Guard. Collections include Frunze's photo-documentary collection and posters from the World Festival of Youth and Students (1957), held in Moscow. Also presented is a model of the Shuya Kremlin of the 15th century.
The museum's funds contain works by Soviet artists, collections of bottles from the 19th and 20th centuries, posters, and stamps.
Soap Museum
Address: 2nd Dubkovskaya, 33A Telephone: Website: https://milce.ru/ Working hours: 10:00-17:00 Sat-Sun, on weekdays - by agreement
The museum opened in 2014. Soap making in Shuya began in the 17th century; in total there were more than 10 soap factories.
Under Catherine the Great, the whole country knew about the excellent quality of local soap. The coat of arms, approved in 1781, confirms this fact.
The museum's collection contains ancient recipes and the official seal of the chairman of the nobility. The museum conducts master classes on soap making (from 10 people), and since 2010 the city has hosted a soap festival.
Museum State Wine Warehouse No. 3
Address: st. Zavokzalnaya, 17 Telephone: Opening hours: 10:00-17:00 Mon-Sat, Sun – closed
The history of the production of alcoholic beverages in Shuya is presented in this museum. Despite the small size of the exhibition, ancient recipes, a collection of equipment and bottles are stored here.
A company store is located nearby, attracting a large number of customers.
The group tour includes a visit to the production facility, a film and a tasting.
Pavlovsky Cultural Center (Estate of manufacturer M. A. Pavlov)
Address: 1st Moskovskaya, 38 Telephone: 8 (49351) 4-84-98 Opening hours: 8:00-18:00 Mon-Sun Cost: 60 rub.
The architectural landmark of Shuya, a monument of the 19th century, has preserved the internal and external appearance of that time.
The building was built in a palace style, which is rare for provincial cities. The complex is dedicated to the life and work of M. A. Pavlov, philanthropist, merchant and industrialist. He provided jobs for hundreds of townspeople, built churches and provided assistance to schools.
The cultural complex hosts theatrical performances, charity evenings, receptions of official delegations, classical music evenings and children's parties.
Water tower
Address: st. Sverdlova 1/36
In 1883, one of the first water pipes in the Russian Empire was opened in Shuya, funded by donations from residents. The architect of the tower was V. O. Sherwood, the author of the Historical Museum in Moscow.
The tower is a water temple decorated with brickwork. The style of construction is Russian.
For some time the tower was used as fire protection.
Cart scales
Address: Central Market Address: Central Market
The building, built at the end of the 18th century in the style of late classicism, has a general appearance similar to an ancient Greek temple.
Built to determine the weight of carts with goods. In Shuya, scales were considered “zero kilometer”: the flagpole rising on the building had the appearance and color of a milepost.
Restoration work began in 2007, and now the scales are one of the city’s decorations.
Remains of the prison castle
Address: st. Soyuznaya, 15
The first information about the city prison (prison) is found in documents of the 16th-17th centuries. The structure was located on the site of salt barns.
The prison building was destroyed several times by fires and by the Poles, after which it was restored and rebuilt. There is a stone church near the prison, built at the expense of the merchant I. S. Gundobin.
Famous historical figures whiled away their time within the walls of the fort: the boyars of Ivan the Terrible, opponents of Boris Godunov, revolutionary M. V. Frunze. Today the building is used for commercial purposes.
Vasily Shuisky and Shuya
Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky
The toponym Shuya itself also served as the basis for another proper name of a different category. Which one? Let’s open the pages of A. S. Pushkin’s drama “Boris Godunov”; One of the main characters is the boyar Vasily Shuisky. After a long struggle and intrigue, he manages to ascend to the Russian throne for some time. The Shuisky family is really connected with the city of Shuya. At the beginning of the 15th century. with the annexation of Suzdal to Moscow, the former Suzdal princes received the city of Shuya and the surrounding lands as their inheritance, and from Prince Vasily Kirdyana and his son Yuri the Shuisky family descended. Such a surname did not arise by chance; as Professor A. M. Selishchev writes, early family-verbal signs were caused by the feudal-proprietor's tendency to determine the belonging of a particular feudal lord to his clan; among these surnames there were many that territorially determined the region that belonged to the feudal lord - Yeletsky, Zvenigorodsky, Mosalsky, etc. (See A.M. Selishchev. The origin of Russian surnames, personal names and nicknames. - In the book: A.M. Selishchev, Selected works, M., 1968, p. 97.)
Attractions in the surrounding area
Shartomsky Ostrich
Address: Ivanovo region, near the village of Vvedenye Telephone: Website: https://ivstraus.ru Cost: 150 rubles How to get there: bus No. 638 Shuya-Vvedenye, from the bus station
This is a rural ostrich farm that breeds emus and African ostriches. The name of the farm is given in honor of the Nikolo-Shartomsky monastery.
The owners conduct excursions for up to 15 people, the program consists of a story about the bird, feeding cabbage to the ostriches and a visit to the shop. Here you can buy souvenirs (handmade ostrich soap) and local products (cutlets, meat, minced meat), touch ostrich skin and smear your hands with ostrich cream.
Village Dunilovo
Address: Vvedenskoye rural settlement, village. Dunilovo How to get there: bus Shuya – Dunilovo
In the 16th century, the village was larger in the number of households than Shuya. During the Time of Troubles, the residents of Dunilovo fought back against the Polish-Lithuanian invaders and put them to flight.
During the years of Soviet power, the collective farm “Path to Victory” was created.
Despite the small population, Dunilovo is home to several religious buildings; the city also houses a monument to Hero of the Soviet Union Konstantin Korablev and the merchant house of Sholonin.
The most famous complex is the Assumption Church; it included three altars: in honor of the All-Merciful Savior, in honor of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and in honor of the Dormition of the Mother of God. The temple also kept the miraculous icon of the Smolensk Mother of God.
After the revolutionary events of 1917, a boarding school for mental patients was organized at the Assumption Monastery. The Church of the Intercession served as a hospital ward, and the altar served as a treatment room. In 1995, all religious buildings were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Holy Dormition Monastery.
Village Vvedenye
Address: Ivanovo region How to get there: bus Shuya – Vvedenye
The history of the village is connected with the Nikolo-Shartomsky monastery, the foundation of which took place in the 13th-14th centuries. The village was ruined by the Poles during the Time of Troubles. During collectivization, the Iskra collective farm was founded.
In the village there is the temple complex of the Nikolo-Shartomsky Monastery, the ensemble of the Vvedenskaya Church, the Pyatnitskaya Church and the Theological Church.
Nikolo-Shartomsky Monastery is one of the oldest monasteries in Russia. The monastery was regularly visited by Vasily III, Ivan the Terrible, and Fyodor Ioanovich. In the 1620s, the Monk Joachim of Shartom settled in the monastery, painting icons that became miraculous.
St. Nicholas Cathedral was built in 1651. During secularization under Catherine the Great, the monastery's lands were cut back.
Currently, more than 100 monks live in the complex.
Shuya - city and fort
The city of Shuya grew and was built according to the usual plan, such as: fortress + settlement. It’s just that the wooden fortifications in the city center have been given the name “ostrog”, which has not previously been encountered in our historical and toponymic journey through the “Golden Ring” of Russia. In the documents of the 17th century, where Shuya is discussed, we read: “City and prison.”
Source: Source: M. V. Gorbanevsky, V. Yu. Dukelsky - Through the cities and villages of the “Golden Ring”
Churches and Temples
Bell tower and Resurrection Cathedral
Address: Green Square, 4
The most famous religious building is Shuya. The temple was founded in 1799; the townspeople made a great contribution to the construction: they actively collected donations.
The belfry, 106 m high, is recognized as one of the tallest in Russia, standing separately from the cathedral.
The construction of the temple was entrusted to Maricelli, who was invited from Italy, but the supporting structure of one of the tiers could not stand it. The foreign master fled in fear. Construction was transferred to the simple peasant Savvatyev and the architect Petrov. The image of the Shuya Bell Tower was placed on the labels and logos of local enterprises.
Church of the Intercession
Address: Soyuznaya, 1
The construction of the temple took place in 1754 on the site of a wooden cathedral church. Previously, in ancient times, there was a cemetery next to the cathedral.
In the 17th century there were two churches on the territory: Aleksievskaya and Pokrovskaya. The Church of the Intercession kept an ancient selection of icons (XVI-XVIII centuries), the library contained a collection of royal manifestos, decrees and the Gospel of the 16th century.
From source to mouth
Shuya's main source of food is Lake Suoyarvi. Translated from Finnish, the name means “Swamp Lake”. Perhaps it appeared due to the abundance of coastal reeds. There are about fifty islands on its water surface. Sandy shores alternate with rocky ones. It is curious that until the middle of the last century it was navigable. Shuya flows from the northeastern end of the lake. Some rafting routes start at this place.
The first major tributary on its way is the Tarasjoki River, which is a chain of narrow elongated lakes. A popular place for rafting is the area from the bridge near the village of Hautavaara to the village of Sodder near Shotozero. On this route you will have to overcome several rapids - Sizovsky, Sobachy, Kenyaikoski, Valoine, Sarikoski and Kumio. They have difficulty from 1st to 4th categories. Kenyaikoski is the most insidious of them.
Alloy
Further Shuya flows into the large lake Shotozero. It supplies more than 90% of its water. Unlike most Karelian lakes, it has an almost regular oval shape. The greatest depth of 10 m is in the central part, where there are depressions of tectonic origin. There are 43 islands on the lake. The water in it has a brownish color. This is due to the presence of an iron ore crust about one centimeter thick, which occupies up to 40% of the bottom surface.
Vagatozero is located very close to Shotozer, and Shuya plays the role of a bridge between them. The bottom of the reservoir is muddy, but the shores are sandy. The best beaches are on the west side. In these places, a site of primitive people was discovered who lived here 5 thousand years ago! Apparently, in those distant times it was as beautiful here as it is now. There are no islands on the lake.
In the area between Vagatozero and Logmozero, six large rivers flow into Shuya at once - Kutizhma, Syapsya, Chalna, Pyhäjoki, Svyatreka and Vilga. The end point is Logmozero, located near Petrozavodsk itself. When it flows into it, Shuya is divided into three branches - they are formed by two elongated islands.
Logmozero is navigable - small cargo ships sail along it to the piers of the Solomensky timber plant. Until the middle of the last century, they plied to the mouth of Shuya. There was even passenger transportation. Through the Solomenny Strait, Logmozero is connected to Lake Onega.
The name of the fortress-city Shuya came from the fact that it was built on the left bank of the Teza River; the Slavic word Shuya means left side. The historian Boltin, in his description of the Vladimir Viceroyalty, says that Shuya in the Sarmatian language means Capital. 3. Settlement, XIV-XVI centuries.
City territory, left bank terrace of the river.
Teza (the left tributary of the Klyazma River), rising 15 m above the river, at the mouth of the river. Seha. Examined in 1985 by A.V. Utkin. The site is trapezoidal in plan, dimensions 370x270 m, oriented along the northeast-southwest axis, and in ancient times was surrounded by a rampart and a ditch. According to the inventory of 1708, the length of the shaft along the perimeter was approx. 1100 m, the height of the rampart relative to the site is 4 m, relative to the ditch - 14-18 m. It was surrounded by ditches on three sides, and the Teza River on the fourth (northern) side. Currently, the site is built up; all that remains of the fortifications are the remains of a ditch from the northeast, southeast and southwest, in the middle of which signs of ancient gate passages to the fortress can be traced. On the rampart there was a wooden wall with four towers at the corners and three gates, which were called: in the east Nikolsky with the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker above them, in the south Teleshevsky and in the west Tainitsky. There were temples in the fortress: the cathedral wooden church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary with the chapels of Saints John the Baptist and the Blessed Prince Vladimir of Kyiv, and the wooden church of St. Alexis the Man of God. Administrative institutions of the city: prison, Lipny yard, Moving out hut, Governor's yard; houses of princes and boyars: Shuisky, Cherkasy, Baryatinsky, Pozharsky, Gundorov, Telyatyevsky and Mezentsky; nobles: Kaisarovs, Brazhnikovs, Kablukovs, Kazimirovs, Babkins, Volkovs, Sobakins, Mishukovs, Kashintsev, Basanov, Kishkin, Sechinov, Alalykin, Kolobov, etc.; courtyards of the monasteries: Suzdal Nikolo-Shartomsky and Trinity; palace villages: Dunilova, Gorits and Lezhneva. All boyar and noble houses in the acts of that time were called siege yards. During turmoil and civil strife at home, raids of the Tatars, Lithuanians and Poles, the boyars and nobles living near Shuya in their Fatherlands and Estates, when the enemy approached, found the only salvation to take refuge in the fortified city of Shuya: here they hurried with their families and property under the protection of the fortress and troops, and themselves served during their stay in the city along with the army. The settlement was the center of the medieval city of Shuya, first mentioned in 1539 in connection with its destruction by the Kazan Tatars. The city was founded, apparently, no earlier than the 15th century, when the Shuisky princes were mentioned in written sources. Posad
(suburb, suburb).
Near the fortress along the river bank, suburbs began to be built and populated, as ancient letters put it, i.e. a suburb or settlement, which, according to the Church of St. Boris and Gleb, was called Borisoglebsky, and in this meaning became known under the name Borisoglebskaya Sloboda and Shuya Posad, which essentially meant the same thing. The charter of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich IV the Terrible, given in 1574, states that the patrimony of the Lazarev nobles is located near Shuya itself in the Borisoglebsk or Shuya camp; it is also often mentioned in ancient acts about the Borisoglebsk Church as a parish church for the entire volost. In addition to the Borisoglebskaya Church (later the Exaltation of the Cross), the following churches were built on the settlement: Kozmo-Demyanskaya (later Spasskaya), Nikolskaya (later the Resurrection Cathedral) and the Trinity Monastery (The monastery was abolished in 1765 and turned into the parish Trinity Church; this place is remote from the city center, reserved for the city cemetery). The army also lived on the settlement; Thus, one street was called Pishchalnaya, where the pishchalniks or gunners lived at that time. Little by little, the Administration of both the city and the entire surrounding region was established and concentrated in the settlement: the Zemskaya Izba, the Customs House, the Salt Yard, the Horse Izba, the Kruzhechny Yard, the Izba of Clerks, the Saint's Yard, the Gostiny Dvor, the Poor House and Almshouses. Under the protection of city fortifications and troops, a class of merchants and industrial people was little by little formed; The inhabitants who settled in the settlement received the name of the settlement people, and crafts and trades were formed. In 1387 - the formation of the Shuya principality
(1387 - 1448) - the capital of Shuya. 1539 - burning of Shuya. Under this date, Shuya is mentioned in the Nikon Chronicle among the cities devastated by the Kazan Khan Safa-Girey. However, there is reason to believe that the city already existed in the middle. XIV century as part of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality. In 1548, Tsar Ivan the Terrible gave the city of Shuya to the boyar Ignatius Borisovich Golokhvostov for feeding, i.e. Golokhvostov was given the right to use various city revenues and, moreover, “with truth, with stain and with tavern.” The word “with truth” meant that Golokhvostov was given the responsibility to manage judicial affairs in the city of Shuya; “with a spot” - the right to take in one’s favor the required duties for branding or staining horses - money from each buyer of a horse; “with a tavern” meant the duty-free right to smoke wine, brew honey, beer and other drinks, and sell all this for one’s benefit. In 1549, when Ivan the Terrible, after the death of the Kazan Tsar Safa-Girey, undertook a campaign against Kazan, then one of his advanced regiments was formed in Shuya, which also included the Shuya pishchalniks. In 1565, Tsar Ivan the Terrible, among 19 cities, annexed Shuya into his oprichina (1565-1572) with all its volosts and villages. In 1572, according to the spiritual charter of Ivan the Terrible, Shuya was inherited by his son Fyodor I. “Lands for new yards, a mill and from local lands near Shuya city and planting on all four sides of 10 long dessiatines with all the land for livestock on release.” Shuisky fortress-fortress Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky (1552 - September 12, 1612) - a representative of the princely family of the Shuiskys, Russian Tsar from 1606 to 1610 (as Vasily IV Ioannovich). In 1606, Tsar Vasily Ioannovich Shuisky granted Shuya a charter, one of the most precious monuments of Russian legislation. In 1609, during the troubled time of impostors for Russia, when internal and external enemies tormented Russia, the Shuya residents, as faithful sons of the fatherland, refused to follow the shameful example of the Suzdal residents, who swore allegiance to the impostor, known as the Tushino thief. They saw that they were threatened with death from the impostor for this, however, despite the threats of the Poles and Russian rebels, they remained faithful to their rightful Tsar Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky. And, indeed, the Russian traitors and Poles poured out all their fury on the city: they burned it out, ruined it to the ground, as the Russian traitor, Suzdal governor Pleshcheev, reported this to Hetman Sapega. At this time, the enemies also burned the Shuya wooden wall with wooden towers, which was on the city rampart. Shuya acted against the Poles this year with a special militia under the command of the boyar Fyodor Ivanovich Sheremetev. In 1614, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich granted Shuya a customs charter; in trade terms, at that time, a very important act for Shuya. In 1615-1616. Poles and Lithuanians raided Shuya several times and robbed the inhabitants. Ancient acts of that time say: Polish and Lithuanian people came to Shuya “to fight many times.” In the Posad, the churches of God and the Posad courtyards and shops were burned out and destroyed to the ground, people were beaten and payment records and all sorts of city affairs were burned and no business remained. In 1619, Shuya was again ravaged by hostile Lithuanians, Cossacks, Circassians and Russian rebels, who turned the city into its former ruins and ashes. Instead of houses and churches, there were only empty places, and the unfortunate inhabitants wandered somewhere night, where day. In 1629, Shuya suffered a fire; out of 154 tax yards, 32 yards burned down in the settlement. In 1640, a strong fire that occurred on August 15 destroyed the Borisoglebskaya and Krestovozdvizhenskaya churches, the courtyard of clerks, the prison, the labial courtyard, customs, the tavern yard with goods and the almshouse in Shuya. 82 courtyards burned down without a trace, and 42 courtyards were broken. The act about this fire says: as a result of that fire, Shuyana was completely ruined and the breadwinners scattered around the world. In 1649, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, by decree, ordered the Shuisky governor Zmiev to take the most stringent measures to eradicate the remaining pagan rituals, namely: at the supper of the Nativity of Christ, do not call the mud and the fall and plows, do not sing demonic foul songs, on Saturday, Sunday and holidays Don’t heat the baths, and don’t wash your dresses on Sunday... and don’t swear, don’t walk around drunk, don’t shave your beards, and don’t swing on the swings. In 1652, a fire that occurred on April 4 in Shuya again destroyed many houses in the settlement, but the churches of God and Gostiny Dvor survived. In 1654 Shuya was struck by a terrible disaster. A deadly plague, which was raging in Russia at that time, appeared in Shuya; from September 1 to October 12 it affected residents to a severe extent; During this time, 560 people died in Shuya, leaving 610 people. The chapel at the Spasskaya Church, built shortly after the pestilence by the zeal of the Shuya citizens, serves as a monument to this disaster. During the raging plague, the residents of Shuya decided to paint an icon of Our Lady of Smolensk. Among the residents of the city there was an icon painter, Gerasim Tikhonov; It was he who was commissioned by the residents to paint the Holy Icon. With reverence, Tikhonov began to write the Image and at the very beginning he was struck by surprise: an invisible force changed the initial outline of his Image; Having corrected it, the next morning he saw the Image changed again, which he considered a miracle and continued to write according to the changed Essay; upon writing and bringing the Holy Icon to the church, miracles began; the ulcer began to decrease and soon stopped completely. On May 9, 1662, the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross, the lip yard, the customs house, the guest house, rows, courtyards, granaries and goods in the shops burned down - everything burned without a trace. In 1667, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Patriarch Joseph, a special Commission arrived in Shuya under the main direction of Archbishop Stefan of Suzdal and Torus to study miracles from the newly painted icon of the Smolensk Mother of God. The commission consisted of 5 archimandrites, 2 abbots and 1 archpriest. The truth of miracles has been confirmed and described. The Holy Icon became known under the name “Shuya of Smolensk” (November 15, 2011). Soon, a stone five-domed church was erected from the parish Resurrection wooden church, where the Holy Icon was located, and in 1690 it was renamed a cathedral. In 1682, in the month of May, boyar Artamon Matveev stopped in Shuya on his way to Moscow from his place of residence - the city of Lukha. He then passed through the city not as a disgraced man, but as a famous boyar. He rode through Shuya with great pomp and took quite a few people from the Shuyas, probably to save himself on the way. In 1686, Tsars John and Peter Alekseevich and Tsarevna Sofia Alekseevna gave Shuya a special letter stating that the Teza River should not be built up with mills and bridges, and thereby not interfere with navigation along the Teza from the Klyazma River to Shuya. In 1686, the treasury received 1,124 rubles in income from shipping on the Teza River. 3 altyn and 5 money. Such an income, judging by the high cost of the coin, was considered huge at that time. In 1699, Tsar Peter Alekseevich granted the Shuyans a preferential charter, in which it is written: if dead bodies appear on their city land, do not take any money. The ancient state of the city of Shui at the end. XVIII century (Shuya fortress-fortress, Customs and salt yard, Kruzhechny yard, taverns and distillery, Streets, houses and squares, Moving hut and Voevodsky yard, Guba yard, Zemskaya hut, Saint's yard) Factories, factories, crafts, industry and agriculture of the mountains. Shui in con. XVIII century (Gostiny Dvor and trade, Amount of land and government revenues from the settlement, About Shuya-Suzdal icon painting) In 1705, by a charter in Shuya from the Tsar and Grand Duke Peter Alekseevich, “every rank of people, except the clergy, was ordered to shave their beards and mustaches and dress wear German”, in the same year a Decree was sent about confiscating oak coffins from merchant people and transferring them to monasteries. In 1708, Shuya was included in the newly established Moscow province. In 1710, a strong fire, with a gusty wind, destroyed the city of Shuya on July 12, the cathedral and parish stone churches were burned, wooden and bell towers burned to the ground, the zemstvo hut, customs house, debt hut, guest house, wine exit, drinking house and horse barn also burned down huts, rows and shops with goods, soap and tanneries - everything burned without a trace; out of 208 townspeople's households, only 13 households remained, so Shuya was completely deserted. In 1719, in the list of the Moscow province into nine provinces, Shuya was included in the Yuryev-Polsk province. In 1722, Emperor Peter the Great, traveling on the Persian campaign, visited the city of Shuya. Tradition says that he came to Shuya solely to fulfill his promise - to pray to the Icon of the Shuya-Smolensk Mother of God, glorified by miracles and who once healed the Tsar from a serious illness. In 1737, Empress Tsarevna Elizaveta Petrovna made the city of Shuya happy this year with her stay - she spent the months of August and September in Shuya, and during her stay she often visited the Resurrection Cathedral, having a special reverence for the Miracle-Working Icon of the Shuya-Smolensk Mother of God. In good weather, she walked around the city riding a beautiful horse, wearing a dark dress and a cap on her head, and also went hunting several times with the district noblewomen. On the morning of May 7, 1766, at 9 o'clock in the morning in Shuya, a fire occurred in the settlement, which burned down government property: a barn with salt, two taverns, two exits with reserve wine, the building of the City Magistrate with affairs, a horse hut and 5 Almshouses, houses of philistines out of 317 , 117 burned, the shops, barns and huts in the square were all burned without a trace, but the churches remained safe and sound. In 1770, Shuya was again destroyed by a fire, which happened on Spiritual Day at 10 o’clock in the morning. As a result of this fire, the Spasskaya Church and its stone chapel were burned. After this fire, the city was laid out according to a plan drawn up in 1771 by land surveyor M. Khomyakov.
View of the city of Shuya from the north side
District mountain plan. Shui in 1771
The Vladimir province was formed by the personal Decree of Catherine II on March 2, 1778.
By decree of Catherine II of September 1, 1778, the province was transformed into a governorship, which lasted until 1796. Shuisky district
was formed in 1778 as part of the Vladimir governorship.
Coat of arms of Shuya
In 1781, the Russian Empress Catherine the Great approved the coat of arms of the city of Shuya. The ancient coat of arms of Shuya was a shield divided into two parts. In the upper part, a lion-like leopard standing on its hind legs is a symbol of the provincial city of Vladimir; in the lower part - “on a red field there is a bar of soap, meaning the glorious soap fur coats located in the city.” In 1788, the plan of the city of Shuya, drawn up by land surveyor M. Khomyakov, was highly formalized. In 1792 there was the most terrible fire, known among the residents of Shuya under the name of Pokrovsky. The fire occurred on October 10 at midnight and started in shops near the Church of the Savior. The Spasskaya and Krestovozdvizhenskaya churches were burned, they could not even save the church utensils, which were all burned, the streets: Zagostinye, Pishchalnaya, Zabolotye and many factories burned down. More than 200 houses were damaged in this fire. Since 1796, Shuisky district has been part of the Vladimir province. The Shuya Theological School was opened on September 24, 1816 in a building near the bell tower of the Resurrection Cathedral, donated by the merchant Nosov. In 1831, in July, the residents of Shuya were struck by cholera, from which more than 300 people died. The residents of Shum resorted to their Intercessor, the Miracle-Working Icon of Our Lady of Smolensk-Shuiskaya, imposed a seven-day fast on themselves, surrounded the Holy Icon around the city, and the disease began to stop. As a result, the residents established a religious procession in memory of the deliverance from cholera, which takes place every year on July 28. On May 5, 1823, landowner Ekaterina Ivanovna Barsukova petitioned the Vladimir governor for permission to “give pleasure to the local Shuya public” - to give a number of performances in the city of Shuya using her home Fortress Theater. On May 12, 1837, Shuya was visited by the Heir, the future Emperor Alexander Nikolaevich (see Travel of the Sovereign Heir, Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich in 1837 in the Vladimir Province). With a gathering of numerous people flocking from all sides, the Sovereign Heir arrived directly at the Resurrection Cathedral, where he venerated the Miraculous Image of the Smolensk-Shui Mother of God, and graciously accepted the icon of the Shuya Mother of God presented by the archpriest of the cathedral. From the cathedral, the Heir went to the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross; Having examined the wealth of this church, he went to an apartment in the house of honorary citizens, merchants Kiselev. After spending the night, the Heir set off from Shuya along the highway to the village of Ivanovo. The Russian poet Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky was then in the retinue of the August Traveler. On July 10, 1837, navigation on the Teza River was reopened. The existing navigation on the Teza River from ancient times was stopped by built-up mills during the reign of Anna Ioannovna in 1732-1733, and the Teza River had no navigation for a whole century. The idea to renew this useful institution belonged to Manufactory Advisor, Shuya merchant A.I. Bolotov. On November 5, 1844, the Vasilievskaya Church was consecrated in the Kiselevskaya hospital in the mountains. Shui. On August 11, 1847, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, a rather significant fire occurred in Shuya. Due to a strong wind, 10 stone and 68 wooden philistine houses, a stone public house, a building of wooden shops and a government drinking house were destroyed; the loss reached the amount of 247,000 rubles. silver The city and the suburb were wooden, and very often built; the disorderly arrangement of streets, alleys and even the squares themselves, through which it was difficult to walk and drive - all this provided abundant food for the fire and took away all the means to preserve not only property, but often life itself; and what means were available in the old days to extinguish fires? Absolutely none, the only remedy was to destroy houses, even entire streets, and that is how the fire sometimes stopped. Shuya in ancient times was surrounded by a huge forest, which did not have a high price, and therefore the burned houses were soon built again, and the residents humbly expected and experienced the same misfortunes again. In 1848, the residents of Shuya were again struck by cholera, from which 196 people died in the city. Then they were struck by it in 1853. The same destructive ulcer struck the citizens of Shuya in 1871. The epidemic began on August 15 and lasted until October 1; At least 300 people died then. On the opposite side of the ancient city, along the right flat bank of the Teza, there is a part of the new city, which began to emerge and be organized in 1832. In the newly allocated quarters there were, for the most part, factories and factories, Mr. Popov's paper-spinning-weaving factory, and the welding stations of all calico-printing factories; Residents called part of the new city the Zarechnaya Side. The city was connected to each other across the Teza River by one large permanent bridge and another small temporary one, which was assembled when the Teza flooded in the spring. The trans-river side was divided into two sides - Eastern and Western by the Sekhoi River, which flows into Teza on the northern side. A permanent bridge was built across the Ceja to connect both sides. The city of Shuya in 1861 Trade and manufacturing affairs in the Shuya region in 1863. In 1863, Shuya had 55 blocks, 5 squares, 7 shop buildings, 1 pier, 72 streets and alleys. The streets ran on level ground and were located quite regularly, the width of the streets was from 40, 20, 15, 10 and up to 6 fathoms, the alleys from 3 to about 10 fathoms; the space of the trading, forest, horse and two trans-river areas and the pier on the Teza River occupied up to 25 acres, the trading area and up to 20 streets were paved with stone pavement in the amount of 25,000 square fathoms; there are 3 bridges in the city, 4 stone bridges, 2 wooden bridges, the first across the Tezu and Seju rivers, and the last inside the city across streams; 6 access roads to the river, 5 ponds, 76 wells, 1 public gardens, 46 private gardens, 42 public gardens, 2 cemeteries, one cathedral and 5 parish churches. State-owned buildings in Shuya are located: a stone two-story building of government offices, where the following are located: the District Treasury, the District Police Department, the Noble Guardianship, the District Court and the apartment of the former mayor; stone prison castle and prisoner's room; 2 wine shops: one stone inside the city, the second wooden outside the city, consisting of three buildings fenced into one courtyard; 5 wooden drinking houses, 3 wooden salt barns, a stone house for a religious school, 1 stone and 2 wooden houses for secular schools, an apartment for a full-time caretaker and a public Library; buildings belonging to the city: a stone two-story house where the City Duma and the Apartment Commission are located, 2 stone houses above the shops, one of them houses the City Magistrate, Verbal and Orphan Courts, the second is a hotel for visitors, stone two-story barracks for the internal guard with wooden services, a bathhouse and a workshop, a stone two-story house on the trading area, occupied by a tavern, 2 stone and 5 wooden buildings of trading shops, stone city scales (vanena), a wooden water-powered flour mill with six stages, 2 wooden firemen a depot with stables and residential buildings for the fire brigade, one depot is located near the public office building, the other across the Teza River in newly designated quarters, 4 wooden police boxes, and up to 80 poles with lanterns for illuminating the city. The buildings belonging to the city also include the buildings of the Kiselevskaya Hospital, which housed the City Hospital for military officials. All the houses in the city with the adjacent soldiers' settlement are 107 stone, 722 wooden, 829 in total, including factory establishments. Assigned to the city of Shuya, there were persons of taxable status in 1862: Bourgeois 1630 families - 3263 men, 2847 women. shower.; Merchants of the 1st guild 1 family, 2nd guild 21 families, 3rd guild 160 families. – 566 men, 614 women. shower. A total of 1812 families: 3829 male, 3461 female. shower. Lived in the city with non-residents: Clergy - husband. 112, female 115; Hereditary nobles - husband. 27, female 53; Personal nobles and commoners. - husband. 229, female 255; Honor. Citizen and merchants of all guilds - husband. 290, female 375; Bourgeois - husband. 1920, female 2100; Military officials - husband. 240, female 282; Postmen and Paramedics – husband. 20, female 28; Freedmen - husband. 36, female 48; State-owned peasants - husband. 13, female 18; Temporarily obliged peasants - husband. 26, female 40. There were artisans, craftsmen and factory workers in factories and factories: husband. and wives 5360 people, therefore the population of Shuya in 1862 extended to 11,587 people of both sexes. In 1862, 190 men were born in Shuya. and 193 women. gender; 164 men died. and 132 females, there were 71 Orthodox marriages. On July 4, 1866, a celebration took place in Shuya in honor of the fifty-fifth anniversary of the archpriest of the Shuya Vasilyevskaya Hospital Church, Fr. Andrey Vasilievich Arkhangelsky. The internal guard team was housed in the city barracks; During recruitment in the city and the passage of soldiers through the city, residents pay service in kind. When calculating taxes on real estate, residents contribute 1,979 rubles in land money to the city’s income. 2 ½ kopecks, a new tax instead of per capita to the treasury, from real estate of the entire city (both private and public) valued at 400,000-2,000 rubles; When submitting capital, 12 rubles are contributed from 1 guild to the income of the city and to various institutions. 50 kopecks, from the 2nd guild 4 rubles. in six months... The opening of the Charitable Society for the Beggars in the city of Shuya took place on May 29, 1880. The first women's School of the 2nd category was founded in the city of Shuya in 1860. In 1873, at the request of the city society, the School was transformed into a Progymnasium, and in 1877 into a seven-grade Gymnasium with a preparatory class. In 1880, the Shuya women's gymnasium moved to a new house. There were educational institutions in the city: Theological preparatory school, the District school, 5 secular schools: Parish, District, women's and two private preparatory schools. There are 180 boys in the theological school, 155 boys in the secular schools, 82 girls in the women's school, 48 boys and 15 girls in 2 private schools, a total of 480 people. Teachers: 16 teachers and female teachers. At the girls' school, girls study for free. At the District Secular School there is a Public Library, which was opened in 1861, its foundation was the books of the School Library, but more donations from private individuals. Merchants: Gundobin, Lyadov and Borisov sufficiently replenished the Library with donated books. Honorary caretaker, merchants: Popov, Posylins, Shchekoldin, Kaluzhskys, Volkov, Listratov, Gundobin, Borisov and others donated up to 500 rubles. in 1863, the Library had up to 1,120 book titles, comprising more than 3,500 volumes. In 1863, the Library received 32 copies of newspapers, magazines and other periodicals. Those receiving books, newspapers and magazines at home: donating members - 29, ordinary subscribers - 22, 51 in total; subscription price for reading books and magazines per year is 3 rubles. 2 rubles per six months, 50 kopecks per month. Educational institutions of the district mountains. Shui. Message to the Emperor from Shuya 1876 Shuya on October 7 and November 30, 1877 Shuya in February 1878 Meeting in the city of Shuya of the 2nd Infantry, Pskov Regiment in 1878 News of the assassination attempt on Emperor Alexander II 2- on April 1879 in the city. Shuya Speech delivered in the Shuya Resurrection Cathedral on February 19, 1880. Speech delivered in the Shuya Resurrection Cathedral on the death of Empress Maria Alexandrovna (d. May 22, 1880). Visit to the city of Shuya by Feognost, Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal on September 16, 1880. Public, free folk readings of religious and moral content in the mountains. Shuya in 1881. The city of Shuya May 15-19, 1883. October 1, 1883 Opening and consecration of a water pipeline in the city of Shuya. Shuya in 1900. In 1901, the Provincial Exhibition of Handicraft Industry was held in the city of Shuya. Fraternal Union about. O. deacons and psalm-readers of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Shuisky church districts was formed in March 1917. In July 1917, a “Circle” of teachers of the law in the city of Shuya opened among the clergy. Local cult of M.V. Frunze in Shuya: memorialization and mythologization
Industry and trade
The development of industry and trade in Shuya was facilitated by the city's convenient location on the navigable Teza River. In 1849, there were 20 factories and factories in Shuya, which produced goods worth 2,075,200 rubles; the city's trade turnover amounted to 389,800 rubles. silver In 1861, the following factories and plants were located in Shuya: Cotton-Spinning-Weaving Paper Manufactory - 1; weaving calico, nano-chinese – 19; weaving variegated, canvas and sarpin - 30; printed calico – 17; bleach – 6; dyeing – 6; chemical – 1; wax-candles – 1; tallow candles – 2; engraving – 1; furriers – 3; leather - 7; sheepskin and fur coats – 19; vodka – 1; beer-brewed – 2; a total of 116 factories and factories; on which the goods were processed for 4,462,240 rubles; There were 4,616 working people at factories in the city itself, 15,523 people were employed in the district, and during the year they were given 414,700 rubles for earning money. silver Workshops, crafts and industrial establishments in the city with manufacturing, factory and plant activities appeared and developed quite significantly. Some of them were necessary for factories and factories, others were a necessity for the city, and there were also those that existed only because there were wealthy residents in Shuya. In 1861, there were up to 40 types of artels, workshops, handicrafts, handicrafts and trades, they employed 941 people, and they received 173,300 rubles for their work and their handicrafts. ser. In terms of the number of people, the largest artels were: carpenters up to 200 people, masons and plasterers up to 100 people, blacksmiths, chasers and coppersmiths up to 80 people, paving and stove makers up to 50 people, painters, molarists and roofers up to 60 people, carpenters and carriage makers up to 40 people, tailors and shoemakers up to 140 people. Shuya was famous for its fairs, established in 1836. Then a wooden guest courtyard was built for the fairs. The most famous fairs in the Vladimir province in the middle. There were 9 in the 19th century, two of which were in the city of Shuya. One summer, began on the 9th Sunday after Easter and was called Shuisko-Smolenskaya, on this day a religious procession was long established around the city, many pilgrims came to the pilgrimage 100 miles or more away; the crowd of people reached 20,000 people, but by the evening all these people had dispersed. Another winter fair began on November 21, the day of the Entry of the Mother of God into the Temple, and was called Vvedenskaya. In 1854, goods worth 78,300 rubles were brought to it. ser., and sold for 25,700 rubles. ser. Both fairs lasted for two weeks. At the Shuya fairs in 1861, all goods were sold: at Smolenskaya - 15,000 rubles. ser., on Vvedenskaya – 25,000 rubles. ser. Out-of-town and foreign merchants came to Shuya to trade - in 1654, in the Gostiny Dvor there was a shop of the English-Arkhangelsk trading company, which brought goods from Arkhangelsk. Shuya's trade was divided into everyday trade and market trade on Tuesdays. Everyday trade satisfied the needs of those living in the city. Market trade satisfied both those living in the city and the entire surrounding area with vital supplies and other rural products, which were both cheaper and in greater quantity on market days. Constant trade in Shuya in 1861 had the following turnover: daily - 843,300 rubles, market - 2,366,700 rubles, which with fairs amounts to 3,250,000 rubles. ser. More significant trade turnover was: bread and provisions about 786,000, cotton yarn approx. 645,000, various drinks up to 300,000, forest materials (logs, planks and firewood) up to 290,000, vegetable, colonial and moscotel goods up to 200,000, building materials (brick, lime, alabaster, stone) up to 100,000, iron up to 100,000, Pansky and Surovsky goods up to 150,000, sheepskin and fur coats up to 180,000, leather goods (raw and dressed) up to 62,000, cattle and horses up to 60,000 rubles. ser., other goods turnover was less. For trade in the city, 265 shops were open in public buildings and in private houses; in 1861 in Shuya there were 3 Rensky cellars, 6 drinking houses, 4 damask shops, 3 taverns, 3 taverns, 2 hotels with rooms, 9 inns. By July 1, 1863, there were : taverns – 6, taverns – 2, food shops – 3, inns – 8, hotels with rooms – 5, wholesale warehouses – 5, Rensk cellars – 10, drinking houses – 65, damask shops – 5, buffet – 1, vodka factories – 2, breweries – 2...
Plowing
In the city in 1861, up to 50 people were engaged in arable farming in the city, for whom this occupation was not the main industry; There were about 300 acres of land for sowing grain in three fields. Rye bread was sown up to 300 quarters, spring bread up to 1000 quarters; There was a grain harvest in the Shuya fields: rye grain - 5, spring grain - 6 or more. Urban arable farming provided the residents with the benefit that it made straw and chaff cheap, without which the prices for livestock feed would have been much higher in the city; arable farming brought grain worth up to 25,000 rubles.
Textile industry
Since ancient times, the textile industry has developed in Shuya - the production of linen fabrics. Canvas weaving was carried out in many peasant huts and in the houses of the townspeople of the city of Shuya on wooden weaving mills. From ser. XVIII century weaving linen manufactories appeared in Shuya; the very first manufactory of the merchant Yakov Igumnov was opened in 1755. However, by the end. XVIII century Cotton is conquering the world market. The Shuya merchants - the Kiselev dynasty - were the first entrepreneurs to organize the supply of cotton yarn from England not only to Shuya, but also its surroundings. In parallel with the Kiselevs, the factories of the merchant Posylin brothers quickly developed. The products of the Poslin manufactories were awarded a large gold medal at the First All-Russian exhibition of the manufacturing industry in St. Petersburg in 1829. “This merchant house in Shuya has been rich from time immemorial, prudent and persistent in executing its planned enterprises, has all the means, material and immaterial, to make its spinning mill factory one of the first establishments in the state,” - so the Russian writer Dmitry Shelekhov in mid. XIX century spoke about those who stood at the origins of the Shuya textile industry. The Shuya merchants played an important role in the improvement and creation of the architectural appearance of the city.
Shuya Temples
In the end
XIX century Shuya city deanery
consisted of: Resurrection Cathedral, Holy Cross Church, Intercession Church, Spasskaya Church, Trinity Church, Vasilievskaya Hospital Church (in the Kiselevskaya hospital), All Saints Edinoverie Church, Alexander Nevskaya Church at the Theological School, Alexievskaya Church, which is at God-pleasing institutions , Nikolskaya, near the Prison Castle, church, Peter and Paul Church. On September 25, 1900, the consecration ceremony of the temple at the Shuya men's classical gymnasium took place. In the end In the 19th century, the churches of the following villages were included in the City Deanery: Vasilievskoye (Trinity Church, Church of the Georgian Mother of God, Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, cemetery Assumption Church), Vzornov (Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker), Melnichnoye (Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, warm Church of St. Apostle James, Brotherhood of the Lord) and Yurchakov (Church in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord). By 1917 there were 20 churches in the city. A masterpiece of Russian architecture of the first half of the 19th century. The complex of the Resurrection Cathedral with its world-famous 106-meter bell tower is rightfully considered - the first in Europe among belfries standing separately from churches. The Resurrection Cathedral was formerly the parish Church of the Resurrection. It is unknown when this church was founded. The famous compiler of scribal books, Afanasy Vekov, in the inventory of the city of Shuya in 1629, said that the wooden and very poor Resurrection Church, with the chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, was a parish church. Until 1667, the cathedral church was the Church of the Intercession, located inside the city Kremlin, which was then surrounded by ramparts and a wooden wall. But in 1667, the Resurrection Church was made a cathedral, and the Intercession Church began to be called the old Intercession Cathedral. The reason for renaming the Resurrection Church into a cathedral church was the miracles that at that time, by the grace of the Queen of Heaven, began to be performed from the newly painted Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God located in that church, since then called the Shuya-Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God. soon after the renaming to the cathedral, instead of the previous wooden church, through the diligence of the parishioners, the five-domed stone Resurrection Cathedral was erected. In the inventory of the city of Shuya, compiled in 1709 by governor Yakov Sytin, the following is said about the Shuya Cathedral: “yes, in Shuya on the settlement there is the cathedral and Apostolic Church of the Most Holy Lady of Shuisky, and the Church of the Great Wonderworker Nicholas, made of stone.” Both of these churches were destroyed during a fire on May 12, 1770. After this, the cathedral was rebuilt again, and 22 years later it was destroyed due to disrepair. In 1792, the new Resurrection Cathedral began to be erected through the zeal of the parishioners. It took 6 years to build and was consecrated by Victor, Bishop of Vladimir and Suzdal, on September 19, 1798. Soon after the consecration, the cathedral was decorated with good Greek paintings, and the iconostasis with carvings and gilding, costing 12,000 rubles. The cathedral is crowned with five domes covered with brass, gilded through fire. The crosses on the heads are eight-pointed from the same metal and also gilded through fire. The five-tiered bell tower at the cathedral was built in 1832. In 1891, the seventh largest bell in Russia (weighing 1,270 pounds) was raised to the third tier of the bell tower. It was cast in Moscow at the expense of the largest manufacturer M.A. Pavlova. Since 1991, the Resurrection Cathedral in Shuya has been the courtyard of the St. Nicholas Shartom Monastery - the Shuya Orthodox monastery, known since 1425. Shuya has always been associated with Russian culture. The Shuya Theological School, one of the oldest in Russia, graduated from Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, the creator of the Moscow Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, the famous “Volkhonka”, the father of the outstanding poetess of the “Silver Age” Marina Tsvetaeva). Shuya is the birthplace of Balmont Konstantin Dmitrievich, a wonderful lyricist, a “spontaneous genius” of Russian poetry, who is rightfully considered the founder of Russian symbolism. All the poet’s ancestors rest in the land of Shuya; they are preserved here in the unchanged historical and cultural landscape of the 19th – early 19th century. XX century the poet’s house, the buildings of the gymnasium where he studied and other memorial places (park, territory of his parents’ estate, etc.). The history of the Shuya land is reflected in the rich collection of the Shuya Historical, Art and Memorial Museum.
Shuya diocese
In 2012, the Shuya diocese, separated from the Ivanovo-Voznesensk diocese, was formed within the administrative boundaries of the Gavrilo-Posad, Ilyinsky, Komsomolsky, Lezhnevsky, Savinsky, Teykovsky, Shuisky and Yuzhsky districts of the Ivanovo region. The diocesan bishop of the Shui diocese has the title “Shuisky and Teikovsky”. Spassky Convent, Shuya, Shuya Trinity Shuya Monastery, Shuya, Shuya-All Saints Edinoverie Convent. Shuya Holy Dormition-Kazan Monastery. Kuznetsovo. Resurrection-Fedorovsky Monastery. Shuisky district, Sergeevo Holy Assumption Convent. Shuisky district, Dunilovo Nikolo-Shartomsky monastery. Shuisky district, Vvedenye
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Note to fishermen
The Shuya and the lakes through which it flows are home to about 20 species of fish, including whitefish, vendace, bream, pike, pike perch, perch and burbot. When planning to go fishing in Karelia, it is useful to know when and which fish bite best:
- May-October: pike, pike perch, lure fishing;
- June-August: bream, fishing with a rod and donka;
- June-October: perch, spinning and rod fishing;
- June-October: salmon, pike perch, pike, trolling and spinning fishing.
Evening fishing
Pike and perch are caught using spinning rods. Predators simply “adore” various decoys like spinners or poppers. They also do not disdain wobblers and other cunning devices. There are a wide variety of fishing options - casting from the shore or water, trolling on a motorboat, etc.
Pike is caught using a spinning rod
Less bloodthirsty fish are caught from the shore using a telescopic fishing rod. The float serves as a means of meditation for the fisherman. Donks or half-bottoms equipped with a sinker and hooks are often used. In shallow water they make do with bottom tackle. Karelia has enormous fishing opportunities. Here you can really try out a wide variety of fishing methods and catch the fish of your dreams!
