Orenburg is one of the cities located on the border of Europe and Asia. Its construction was necessary to open and control roads to Asia.
The location of the fortress city was chosen three times. They even said about this city that it was conceived three times and born once. Finally, in 1743, the Orenburg expedition led by the economist and geographer V.N. Tatishchev , representative of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences P.I. Rychkalov and Admiral I.I. Neplyueva founded the city on Red Mountain near the confluence of the Yaik River and the Sakmara River . But its name was given from the Or River , with which the first construction site of the city was connected.
Before we set off to explore the city, we need to go to the Orenburg tourist information center . It is located on Sovetskaya Street 27. The 8 best objects for excursion are indicated there and interesting information about them is given. When visiting these attractions, put elegant stamps in your passport! Vladimir Bobrov worked on them . All the stamps turned out completely different! If you fill out your passport completely, you can receive a gift at the tourist information center! And at the end of the trip you will understand that the passport is the traveler’s real trophy!
What 17 attractions of Orenburg would be interesting to visit in one day?
Cable car
In 2006, a cable car was opened Orenburg , which makes it possible to travel from Europe to Asia . Its length is 233 meters. Passengers travel in cozy translucent cabins. This project even took the status of “The most comfortable cable car in Russia” . The speed of your movement through the air will be 3 m/s, so during the flight passengers have time to take pictures of the river, bridge and embankment from a height of 70 meters.
Dialogue about Orenburg in English
– What is special about Orenburg? – What’s special about Orenburg? – It is located in the boundary of Europe and Asia. You can be in two continents at the same time! – It is located on the border between Europe and Asia. You can be on two continents at the same time! – It's amazing! I am a devoted theatergoer. Are there any theaters in Orenburg? - It is amazing! I love a theatre. Are there theaters in Orenburg? - Yes, there are. By the way, three of them are located in the main street, Sovetskaya. They are State Drama Theater, State Regional Puppet Theater, State Tatar Drama Theater. - Yes. By the way, three of them are located on the main street, Sovetskaya. These are the drama theatre, the puppet theater and the Tatar drama theatre. – What is Orenburg famous for? – What is Orenburg famous for? – It is famous for the thinnest and warmest Orenburg shawls. – It is famous for its finest warm Orenburg shawls.
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Toy railway
It just seems like the little train and fairytale stations are made for children. In Orenburg, the Children's Railway is the most adult attraction! The road was built not only for skiing, but also to transport parents to country health camps. The railway line runs along the Ural River . Very picturesque landscapes alternate with brightly decorated stations. I recommend everyone to take a ride, not just tourists with children.
Museum of Orenburg History
The Orenburg History Museum is located next to the cable car . It is easy to see as the building resembles a castle. The tower and the clock on it look especially impressive. It was built in 1856 to house the city treasury and archives. Later his purpose changes. Until 1974, the building housed a guardhouse. The museum examines a variety of topics from the life of the city from its construction to the present day.
But the most interesting room tells about the life of A.S. Pushkin in Orenburg . He became the first researcher on the topic of the Pugachev movement and the Peasant War of 1773-1775 . For this, the poet comes to the Southern Urals . He visited nearby villages and talked with those who witnessed those events. Here he came up with the idea of writing The Captain's Daughter .
Unknown Orenburg: pages of history
The famous ethnographer Vladimir Dal said about Orenburg that “it was conceived three times and born once.” This phrase truly reflects the long history of the emergence of our hometown. The fact is that once the territory of the present Orenburg region was called a “wild field”: there was practically not a single Russian settlement here; the exact boundaries were not determined, because there were no expeditions that could come and explore this region yet.
Thrice conceived and once born
And so the Russian geographer and historian Ivan Kirillov created a project according to which an expedition was to go to Yaik (the former name of the Ural River), and its result was to be the construction of a Russian city. The great Emperor Peter I dreamed about this, who opened a window to Europe and wanted to do the same to Asia. He said that “the Kyrgyz horde is the key and the gate to all Asian countries.” But during the life of Peter the Great this idea could not be realized. But this was done by the “chick of Petrov’s nest” - Ivan Kirillov. Empress Anna Ioannovna approved this project with her highest permission.
The name Orenburg was given to it in St. Petersburg. Kirillov intended to found a city at the mouth of the Or River, on the site of modern Orsk. “Burg” is translated from German as “gate, ear” (i.e. to Asia) or “fortress”. In other words, the name meant a fortress on the Or River. The city was founded in 1735, but after Kirillov’s death, when the new head of the expedition, Vasily Tatishchev, arrived here, he found the Orenburg fortress in a very poor condition. As he described it in documents sent for reporting to St. Petersburg, “instead of a ditch and a rampart there is a fence around the city, through which wolves walk in winter.”
Having studied the natural conditions of the mouth of the Or River, Vasily Nikitich decided that there was no place for a city here; according to his calculations, stones, forests and water were not enough to build a large city. He proposed moving it to the Krasnaya Gora tract, where the village of Krasnogorskoye, Saraktash district, is now located (the streets in this village still follow the plan of the 18th century). The originally founded city was also preserved and became known as the Orsk Fortress. But on Red Mountain, according to legend, the construction of the city was prevented by lizards who lived along the banks of the Yaik River and frightened the Cossacks. In fact, Tatishchev came under investigation at that time and was recalled from the Orenburg region.
The new head of the expedition, Ivan Neplyuev, arrived here and proposed a new place for the construction of the city, considering that the most convenient and profitable from a trade point of view and transport links would be the place where the Sakmara River flows into the Yaik. It was here that modern Orenburg was founded on April 30 (New Style) 1743. Ivan Neplyuev became the first governor of our region.
The Empress granted “privileges” to those who wanted to settle in the Orenburg Fortress
The museum houses a very interesting document “Privileges given to Orenburg by Empress Anna Ioannovna.” When the project for the construction of a new city was just developed, to which roads had not even been built yet, it was necessary to somehow attract the population here, so the empress decided with this document to exempt merchants from paying taxes for several years, to give the townsfolk lifting equipment and building materials so that when they arrived to a new place, they could build themselves a house. Thanks to this, the city grew and acquired the appearance of a full-fledged fortress in just a few years. To speed up the pace of construction, boards were placed, and construction waste was poured between them (the houses were temporary, so the buildings of the 18th century have not survived to this day). Ivan Neplyuev himself, unlike modern city planners, lived in an ordinary dugout until the last, until barracks were built for all the soldiers, and houses were erected for everyone who came here.
Old Orenburg did not go beyond the historical center
The shape of the city resembled an oval polygon with ten bastions on which cannons were located. There were four gates leading to Orenburg: from the location of these gates one can imagine the size of old Orenburg, because the rampart and ditch were razed in the 60s of the 19th century, nothing reminiscent of its former dimensions was preserved in the area. The three-meter ditch was without water, because our region is quite dry, and the rampart, lined with stone, looked like a fortress wall; its height reached almost four meters.
The city began on the Embankment (Main Gate), and ended in the area of the current House of Soviets, the Fabric store on Sovetskaya Street (Sakmar Gate, through which all guests from Central Russia, including Alexander Pushkin, entered Orenburg). On the side, the territory of Orenburg reached the intersection of Pushkinskaya and 8 March streets (where the checkpoint of the former anti-aircraft gun, now the Presidential Cadet Corps, is located). On the left was the Chernorechensky Gate (now the Salute, Victory!) park. The so-called Water Gate was in the lowest part of the city (on the current Maxim Gorky Street, formerly Vodyana). The Elizabeth Gate, which today is on the Embankment, was granted to Orenburg by Empress Elizabeth in gratitude for the suppression of the Bashkir uprising; they were built over Vodyany, and in the 19th century they were moved to the place where they are restored now.
Walking today through the historical center of Orenburg, we are practically walking through an open-air museum. In pre-Petrine times, cities in Russia were built according to a ring system from a small settlement (Moscow, for example). Peter I proposed a completely new plan for building cities “from scratch,” despite any landscape obstacles and natural conditions. The plan was developed in St. Petersburg, it assumed the presence of straight streets passing to each other at right angles, with a minimum number of through streets. Almost all the streets of old Orenburg end in dead ends; this was done in order to protect the city from raids by nomads riding horses. If the cavalry could break through into the fortress, then in numerous nooks and crannies the cavalry detachment could easily be surrounded and neutralized. Thus, Orenburg became not just a populated area, but a well-fortified military fortress. Behind the ramparts there was a Cossack district - Forstadt.
The old buildings have hardly survived
On the model of old Orenburg, many temples are clearly visible. Almost one of the first buildings built in the new city was precisely the temple, because the city was Russian, it was important both from a political and religious point of view, so that eastern merchants approaching the fortress would see that Orthodox Christians lived here. When the first Assumption Church fell into disrepair, the Holy Transfiguration and Vvedensky Cathedrals were built in Orenburg. You can imagine what it looked like when the golden domes sparkled in the sun above the rampart. But, unfortunately, not one of those temples has survived; they were destroyed in the 30s of the last century under Soviet rule.
From those times, only part of Gostiny Dvor has been preserved (part of it was reconstructed according to old drawings). Once upon a time it was a “fortress within a fortress” with blank walls, which could only be entered from the side of modern Sovetskaya Street through the gate church, and the back gate faced the current 9th January Street. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, a second floor was built over Gostiny Dvor, the number of merchants arriving here increased, and it was necessary to expand the shopping arcades. In addition to Gostinovy Dvor, there was Menovoy Dvor, which was located outside the territory of the old city - on the Asian bank of the Yaik River. In addition to Gostiny Dvor, only Rychkov’s house has survived to this day (behind the Institute for Advanced Training of Teachers).
Walking in Orenburg was only possible along the Embankment and part of the ramparts, because in the city itself there were very few green spaces, and in the heat the townspeople were suffocating from dust. When there were no asphalt streets yet, there was a bluish haze in the air because of this. In the evening, when the sun set, a huge number of townspeople flocked to the Embankment. In the Trans-Ural part (now the Trans-Ural Grove) only privileged segments of the population could walk; not everyone was allowed there. The first garden was laid out behind the governor's house in Kashirin Lane, which did not last long and was also built up. Nikolaevskaya (Sovetskaya) and Gostinodvorskaya (now Kirova) streets were the main shopping streets, the most prestigious areas were here, because merchants and nobles lived.
The city began to develop after liberation from military station
The city began to rapidly transform when, in 1822, Emperor Alexander I liberated Orenburg from military station. Previously, residents were obliged to house military people. The fortress, as you know, was a military one with several military schools (as Taras Shevchenko wrote, “in Orenburg there are epaulettes and helmets, soldiers and Cossacks”). An officer arrived, he must be given a house upon request, and the owner had no right to refuse, while he had to be fed for free and his horse maintained. To keep officers away from their homes, townspeople did not particularly care about the appearance of their houses. Only after liberation from military service did people have an incentive to decorate their homes; the governor even passed laws that everyone should set up a front garden near their house, plant a certain number of trees in order to green the city and give it air.
In 1833, when the new governor Vasily Perovsky came to us from the capital, he was horrified by the appearance of the houses on the main street of the city, and the arrival of Emperor Nicholas I was expected. Then he suggested that the residents either put their houses in order, or gave 50 rubles, 50 logs and asked to build a new house somewhere else, so as not to spoil the view of the center.
The first water pipeline in Orenburg appeared only in the middle of the 19th century; before that, water was transported in barrels along Vodyannaya Street (Maxim Gorky Street). The cab drivers went down to the river, picked up water and transported it around the city in barrels. The first water supply went not to houses, but to a swimming pool, located in the very center of old Orenburg - on the site of the current Leninsky public garden next to the drama theater at the intersection of Leninskaya and Sovetskaya streets. People drew water from this fountain and carried it to their homes. The Governor's Museum of History and Local Lore was built on the site of wine cellars, so they drank not only water at that time. Vodyanaya Street and Gostinodvorskaya Street became the first paved and illuminated streets in Orenburg (in the mid-19th century). Asphalt appeared on Nikolaevskaya only closer to the 70s.
What does Chkalov actually have to do with it?
During the First World War, in the wake of general patriotism, the idea arose to change the name of the city of Orenburg so that it would not have German roots. Names such as Neplyuevsk and Orengrad were proposed. But, fortunately, the idea did not come to fruition. But in 1938 he was nevertheless renamed Chkalov (he bore this name for 19 years), although Valery Chkalov has nothing to do with our city. He studied at the Serpukhov School of Air Combat and Bombing, which was later moved to Orenburg (partly with teachers and flight personnel), and it gave the basis to the Orenburg Flight School. After Chkalov’s death in 1938, they decided to perpetuate his name in the name of our city, although huge amounts of money were spent on this. Under Nikita Khrushchev, everything returned to normal, and Orenburg returned to its former name.
In the 18th century, the city began to grow further in the direction of Nikolaevskaya Street, Forshtadt (now Chkalova Street, Gagarin Avenue), Novaya Slobodka (Proletarskaya Street), Arenda (this area was previously rented by factory owners for their industrial enterprises - Kozhevennaya Street, Goncharnaya) and the railway station (our railway tracks were laid in 1876, two years later the station building appeared, Leo Tolstoy was one of the first passengers passing through). The city was the last to grow towards Stepnoye. It was assumed that the Mayak area would develop well (it was a recreation area, it was located on a hill, so it was easier to breathe there, there was also a monastery there), where wealthy citizens would settle. But after the construction of the railway, plans changed. It became not entirely prosperous, because the railway workers were not wealthy, and an area called Nakhalovka (unauthorized settlement) appeared there. Towards the South - along the river - the city grew slowly. Today Orenburg is 25 times larger than the old city.
The pedestrian bridge across the Ural River was built every summer after the flood; it was wooden, built according to the design of Vladimir Dahl. Until the 70s of the last century, the Urals were navigable; the last captain, Shipilov, died just last year. A permanent metal bridge appeared here in 1982 on the initiative of Yuri Garankin. The museum of the history of the city on the Embankment became his brainchild (after the Guardhouse was moved to Samara, the building was empty for a long time; the clock from the tower was removed).
In the house on Sovetskaya Street, 2, the Governor General lived, on Sovetskaya Street, 3, there was a commandant’s office, and then the commandant’s house, in the current state archives there lived a police chief, and in the courtyard behind this house there was a fire tower. The first wooden guardhouse, where war criminals were kept, was located on the site of the Physics and Mathematics Lyceum (school No. 30) on Sovetskaya Street. In 1858, after a fire, it was moved to the current building of the Orenburg History Museum.
By the way, Alexander Pushkin spent his first night in Orenburg at a country dacha with his friend Perovsky. Despite the autumn, the weather in 1833 was warm, the dacha was located in the area of the regional military hospital, not far from the station. Alexander Pushkin spent the second night in the house of Vladimir Dal, which has not survived, but was behind the drama theater. According to legends, girls climbed the oak tree to look through the windows and see the classic. Near this oak tree there is now a sculpture of the Scientist Cat.
Elizabeth Gate
While walking along the embankment, go to the Elizabeth Gate . This is one of the symbols of the city! The history of their appearance is connected with the Bashkir uprisings in the Orenburg lands in 1755. Then the governor of Orenburg I.I. Neplyuev heroically suppressed the Bashkir uprising. In memory of this, Empress Elizabeth gives a gate , which she orders to be installed at the exit from the city, towards the steppes, so that all nomads remember the power of the Russian army . Over time, the gate collapsed. Their fragments can be viewed in the local history museum . And in 2008, a copy of them was installed on the embankment.
National village
The Urals is a region where more than 100 nationalities live. Each has its own traditions and values. You can learn about them in the National Village , where the farmsteads of the 10 most numerous peoples living in Orenburg and the region . Here you can get acquainted with Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Russian, Georgian and other cultures. Through cuisine, literature, crafts and everyday life, you will notice the commonalities and differences between the represented peoples.
Shawl Museum
The down scarf began to be made in the Orenburg province around the 18th century. The museum displays historical exhibits telling about the emergence and development of this craft. You will experience delight and surprise, because this is a real miracle! A scarf created using ancient technologies can pass through a wedding ring! The secret of its softness and strength is the special fluff provided by local goats. The excursion will be interesting for tourists of any age.
Victory Park
In summer in Orenburg it is pleasant to walk around the city. It pleases with greenery and fountains. It can even be a pity to waste time on museums. In this case, I recommend visiting an open-air exhibition of military equipment. It is located in Victory Park . Here you can see tanks, planes, self-propelled guns and even trains. The exposition plays out in a very interesting way. You can climb in the trenches, climb onto a train or sit on a cart. Everywhere there are information signs telling about the exhibit.
Museum of Taras Shevchenko
For the 175th anniversary of Orenburg, a museum-guardhouse was opened . Taras Shevchenko was arrested here . The museum is small, but quite realistically reflects the gloomy spirit of the prison premises of the 19th century. There are thick bars on the windows, small cold cells, sparse furnishings.
The formidable guards (wax figures) add realism to the guardhouse. One of the rooms displays the artist’s personal belongings. Museum workers say that Taras Shevchenko violated the emperor’s ban on painting, as he had to devote all his time to military affairs. This is why he ends up here. And even influential friends could not help him. In addition to the permanent exhibition, the museum organizes temporary exhibitions. Most often these are paintings by local artists.
House-Museum of the Gagarins
In 1961, Yuri Gagarin flew into space. This was an important event for all humanity. It became especially important for Orenburg , where Gagarin lived for many years. Here he graduated from flight school and found a family in the same city. In the center of the city there is an old merchant mansion, which once housed the Gagarin family , and since 2001 a memorial house-museum . Initially, this was the apartment of Valentina Goryacheva (Gagarina) , but when she married Yuri , the couple lived here for a long time. After moving to Star City , Yuri and Valentina Gagarin periodically visited Orenburg and stayed in this apartment. Most of the items belonged to the astronaut's family, and photographs from the family archive are also presented.
Orenburg is the administrative center of the Orenburg region. It is located on the banks of the mighty Ural River.
2. Like many other cities, Orenburg arose several centuries ago to protect and guard the borders of the Russian Empire, when the need arose to have a powerful fortress here.
3. A number of Kazakh elders voluntarily expressed a desire to join the Russian Empire. They took upon themselves the obligation to protect Russian borders and trade caravans, and in return they demanded that a fortress be built for them, which was done. In 1734, a package of government documents was developed on the founding of a fortress city at the confluence of the Ori and Ural rivers.
4. On June 7, 1734, Empress Anna Ioannovna signed the “Privilege for Orenburg.” And although the construction site of the main fortress of the region was later moved twice due to various inconveniences of the location downstream of the Urals, the name of the city, established by the Privilege, has been preserved to this day. In connection with this history of its founding, Orenburg is called a traveler city.
5. Simultaneously with security, the city was supposed to serve as a center of economic interaction with the peoples of the East, which, first of all, implied trade.
6. And the Orenburg Cossacks not only guarded the borders of the Russian state, but also engaged in trade. Soon Orenburg became a merchant city and the largest intermediary between Russia and Central Asia. In winter, convoys loaded with frozen fish and Iletsk salt went to Moscow and St. Petersburg.
7. In 1744, Orenburg became the center of the huge Orenburg province, stretching from the Volga to Siberia, from the Kama to the Caspian Sea. In those years, no one imagined that in the future Russia would grow so much that Orenburg would be far from any border.
8. Over time, the state border moved further, and Orenburg from a border outpost turned into a vast city, while maintaining its special charm.
9. Now Orenburg has transformed from a border fortress into a prosperous city. It is one of the thirty largest cities in Russia, and continues to grow at a rapid pace.
10. It is not known exactly where the name of the city came from. But most researchers agree that it means “fortress on the Or River.”
11. It is known that the place for Orenburg was moved 3 times. On the site of the very first Orenburg fortress there is now the city of Orsk, and on the site of the second - Berdsky town.
12. The site where Orenburg was laid out for the third time is now its historical center.
13. Once there was a majestic cathedral here, but in the 30s of the last century it was blown up by the Bolsheviks. Now there is a park with a fountain on this site.
14. It is curious that the coat of arms of Orenburg appeared 9 years before the city itself was founded. It was captured on the document that sealed the agreement on the construction of the fortress.
15. During the years of Soviet power, the number of residents of Orenburg increased six times. And now more than 560 thousand people live here.
16. Representatives of more than 100 different nationalities live in the Orenburg region and its capital.
17. From 1973 to 1978, the director of the Orenburg gas processing plant was Viktor Chernomyrdin, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1998.
18. Musa Jalil’s childhood and youth are connected with Orenburg. He was born in the village of Mustafino, Orenburg region, studied at the Khusainiya madrasah in Orenburg, and worked as an instructor for the Orenburg provincial Komsomol committee. In 1996, on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of his birth, a monument to the outstanding Tatar poet was erected on Postnikov Street in Orenburg. The author is sculptor Kadym Zalitov (Kazan).
19.For a long time, Orenburg served as a place of exile for many political prisoners, including famous poets and composers. Composer A.A. suffered the hardships of exile here. Alyabyev, poets A.N. Pleshcheev and T.G. Shevchenko.
20. Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko visited this city several times. The last time in the solitary cell of the main Orenburg guardhouse was 15 days (from April 27 to May 12, 1850) - after the denunciation of warrant officer Isaev and the arrest of the exiled poet. Now, in the premises of the former guardhouse, the Memorial Museum of T.G. Shevchenko.
21. Orenburg is the only city where, on the initiative of the literary critic L.N. Bolshakov On March 27, 1993, the Taras Shevchenko Institute was created, which became a structural research unit of Orenburg State University.
22. Now, although the Taras Shevchenko Institute has ceased to exist in its previous format, the scientific research base that was created over the past years is fully used in different directions.
23. The Orenburg region is a kind of geographical bridge between Asia and Europe. It lies on the border not only of parts of the world - Asia and Europe, but also at the junction of natural zones - forests and steppes, mountains and plains.
24. From October 5, 1773 to March 23, 1774, Orenburg was besieged by the army of Emelyan Pugachev, that is, rebel troops besieged Orenburg for six months, but the townspeople withstood the siege.
25. For this resilience, after the defeat of the Pugachev rebellion, Empress Catherine II gave the city the cross of St. Andrew the First-Called, which can now be seen on both the Orenburg flag and the coat of arms. Catherine also renamed the Yaitsky Cossacks to the Ural Cossacks, the Yaitsky town to Uralsk, and the Yaik River to the Ural.
26. Among all Russian cities, Orenburg ranks second in the number of parks and squares.
ORENBURG DOWN SCARF
27. Orenburg is widely known even outside of Russia thanks to local craftsmen who create amazingly soft and warm down scarves from the fluff of a special breed of goats.
28. Unique animals were bought by entrepreneurs from other countries, but goat wool lost its properties after just a couple of years of the animals’ life in a foreign land.
29. Real fame for the Orenburg down scarf came back in the 19th century. After all, such scarves have been produced by hand for a long time. Village needlewomen began to receive international awards. And in 1939, a factory of down scarves opened here.
30. Overseas merchants came to the distant Russian province for the down of the famous goats. Foreign companies tried to establish down production in Europe and even South America. Goats were taken thousands of kilometers away, but already 2-3 years after the relocation, the goats lost their best properties and brought fluff, not much different from the fluff of ordinary goats. It turns out that only the frosty Ural climate was good for Orenburg goats.
ORENBURG DOWN SCARF IS ONE OF THE SYMBOLS OF RUSSIA
31. Orenburg downy scarf is one of the symbols of Russia. Who doesn’t know the song “Orenburg Down Shawl”. The author of the text is Bokov V.F., composer Ponomarenko G.F., performer Lyudmila Zykina.
32. Products made from Orenburg down - shawls and webs - are especially delicate and soft. The down of Orenburg goats is the thinnest in the world: the thickness of the down of Orenburg goats is 16-18 microns, that of Angora goats (mohair) is 22-24 microns. At the same time, this down is very durable - stronger than wool.
MONUMENT TO A. S. PUSHKIN IN ORENBURG
33. A. S. Pushkin visited Orenburg in 1833, here he collected materials for the “history of Pugachev” and “The Captain's Daughter”. In honor of this great event, a monument to A.S. Pushkin was erected on the banks of the Ural River, where the poet loved to visit.
34. A. S. Pushkin’s guide on the Orenburg journey was an official on special assignments under the governor, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, the author of the famous “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language.”
35. In the period from 1938 to 1957, Orenburg bore the name Chkalov, in honor of the famous Soviet pilot Valery Chkalov, although Chkalov not only was not born and did not live in Orenburg, but had never even been to this city.
SCULPTURE OF V. P. CHKALOV
36. In honor of the 50th anniversary of his birth in 1954, a bronze sculpture of V.P. Chkalov six meters high on a seven-meter pedestal was installed on the Boulevard (embankment of the Ural River, the so-called “Belovka”).
37. During the Great Patriotic War, 44 different enterprises important for the defense and economy of the Soviet Union were evacuated to Orenburg.
38. The Ural River flows near Orenburg, the right bank of which is in Europe, and the left bank is in Asia. Both banks are connected by several bridges, so within one day you can visit two parts of the world of our planet many times.
39.On the pedestrian bridge in Orenburg across the Ural River there is a symbolic sign of the border between Europe and Asia. True, modern geographers draw the border between Asia and Europe in a completely different place.
ELIZABETHIN GATE ON THE EMBANKMENT IN ORENBURG
40. Orenburg residents claim that for lovers to have a future happy marriage, it is enough to take a photo under the Elizabeth Gate on the Ural embankment. The gate, installed at the end of the 18th century, is a symbolic passage from Europe to Asia.
41. It is known that Leo Tolstoy also visited Orenburg for a short time. On September 4, 1876, Count Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, traveling around Russia, sent a telegram from Samara to his wife, in which he said that he would probably take a trip “along the newly opened railway line to Orenburg.” On the railway to Orenburg, Tolstoy was one of the first passengers.
42. But little is known in detail about his trip. Leo Tolstoy did not leave any letters about Orenburg, except for the remark “very interesting”. The writer also did not leave a single note about this trip.
43. A record-breakingly large cake in the shape and colors of the Russian flag was baked in Orenburg.
44. In 2003, Maurice Druon and his wife spent four days in the Orenburg region. He met the Governor of the Orenburg region Alexei Chernyshev, met with the creative intelligentsia of the region, teachers and students of universities, visited the Institute of Arts. Rostropovich and at the invitation of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Russia to Ukraine Viktor Chernomyrdin visited the Black Spur.
MSTISLAV ROSTROPOVICH
45.The famous Soviet musician and composer Mstislav Rostropovich is an honorary citizen of Orenburg.
46. In 1941, the family of the outstanding Russian cellist, conductor, People's Artist of the USSR Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich was evacuated to the city of Chkalov (Orenburg).
47. The house in which the Rostropovich family lived during the evacuation in 1941-1943 has now become the museum-apartment of the Rostropovich family. The museum has been operating since November 14, 2001.
48. The first cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin studied and graduated from a flight school in Orenburg.
49.This is one of the oldest educational institutions in the Air Force. After the collapse of the USSR, the school closed in 1993.
50. In Orenburg, Yuri Gagarin married Valentina Ivanovna Goryacheva. The wedding took place on October 27, 1957.
51. In Orenburg, in the house where Valentina’s family lived, on April 12, 1971, the Apartment Museum of Yuri and Valentina Gagarin was opened.
MONUMENT TO Y. A. GAGARIN
52. In Orenburg, an avenue and an airport were named in honor of the astronaut and a monument was erected.
53. Many famous people are also associated with Orenburg: Russian statesman Sergei Witte, strongman, circus performer Alexander Zass, Soviet animator director Harry Bardin, Soviet songwriter Alexei Fatyanov, Soviet songwriter Vasily Solovyov-Sedoy, founder of a German student group Resistance "White Rose" Alexander Shmorell, People's Artist of the USSR Lev Durov, Soviet and Russian poet, playwright, songwriter Yuri Entin, Soviet composer and songwriter Ian Frenkel.
54.And also Soviet state and party leader Georgy Malenkov, Soviet and Russian theater and film actor Leonid Bronevoy, Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, People's Artist of the Russian Federation Georgy Martynyuk, Soviet and Russian poet, novelist, screenwriter Yuri Ryashentsev, family of the first president RF Boris Yeltsin, Soviet and Russian theater and film actress Larisa Guzeeva, Soviet and Russian singer, lead singer of the group “Tender May” Yuri Shatunov.
55. Every year they began to celebrate the city day in Orenburg only at the end of the 20th century. Before this, only anniversaries were celebrated here.
photo from open sources
Space Museum
The Museum of Cosmonautics is located in the flight school where famous pilots of the country trained: Yu. Gagarin , V. Lebedev , Yu. Lonchakov and others. For a long time, the largest exhibit of the museum stood in front of the building - the MiG-15 aircraft Yuri Gagarin flew in 1961 . The school recently celebrated its 95th anniversary. Over its history, it has trained 28 thousand pilots and navigators. Of these, there were 252 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 10 twice Heroes of the Soviet Union and 4 cosmonauts!
The pilots of this school were the first in history to master the skies over the Arctic and Antarctic . In 1963, the first cosmonaut school in the Soviet Union . And then the cosmonautics museum . Part of the collection included personal belongings of Yu. Gagarin and his flight log.
In 1993, the school was disbanded. Within these walls is located the cadet flight school, the first stage of training. The local residents gave the educational institution a funny name: among themselves they call it “letka.”
Thematic album “Sights of Orenburg”
Thematic album
"Sights of the city of Orenburg"
Elizabeth Gate
This low stone gate made of plastered brick is installed in front of the reconstructed historical descent to the Ural River. The gate is crowned with a bas-relief depicting the state emblem of the Russian Empire surrounded by military paraphernalia - banners, axes, guns and cannonballs. In the middle of the coat of arms are the initials of Empress Elizabeth and the date - 1755. In addition to these decorations, two angels are installed in the niches on both sides of the gate, holding a shield and a palm branch in their hands.
This gate is a reconstruction of the ancient gate of the city rampart, called the Water or Elizabeth gate. The city received them as the highest gift from Empress Elizabeth Petrovna to the governor of the Orenburg region I.I. Neplyuev as a reward for suppressing the Bashkir rebellion. Initially, the gate was installed at the site of the modern intersection of Burzyantsev and Maxim Gorky streets, near the road from the city to Menovaya Dvor. Subsequently, it was postponed several times.
In 2008, the Elizabeth Gate was restored on its historical foundation using surviving drawings and photographs. The bas-reliefs that decorated the gates were preserved, but for safety reasons they were replaced with exact copies.
Russia, Orenburg region, Orenburg city, Pushkinsky Boulevard
Toy railway
On the embankment of the Ural River, under the pedestrian bridge, the Komsomolskaya railway station is located. This is the final station of the Orenburg children's railway - the real one - with trains, cars, switches, semaphores and platforms. Only all the work on servicing trains and passengers is done here by children - students of the school for young railway workers.
Children's Railway named after P.A. Kobozeva dates its history back to 1953, when in just two months, five kilometers of railway tracks were laid and four landing platforms were built by Orenburg Komsomol members. Since then, the children's railway has transported almost three million passengers.
The children's railway runs along the picturesque coast of the Urals and connects the city center with the area of children's health camps. The road is served by two diesel locomotives and five passenger cars. Trains run all summer – from June to August. In 2010, a large-scale reconstruction of the road and stations was carried out.
Russia, Orenburg region, Orenburg city, Embankment, near the pedestrian bridge across the Urals
Pedestrian bridge over the Urals
The first bridge across the Ural River in the city of Orenburg was built back in 1835. The Russian writer Vladimir Dal, who lived in Orenburg at that time, took part in the design and construction of the bridge. The bridge was wooden and floating; it was rebuilt every year at the end of the spring flood. Later this bridge was replaced by a pile bridge; it was also wooden and temporary.
A permanent bridge across the Urals appeared in Orenburg only in 1982. It was built on the initiative of the Chairman of the City Council Yuri Garankin. This is a metal suspension cable-stayed bridge. It is erected on two supports, from which rise two high pylons, connected at the top in the shape of the letter “P”. From each of the pylons there are steel cables that support the bridge. The bridge is two hundred and twenty meters long and weighs about nine hundred tons. It is interesting that the bridge was built on both sides of the Urals. From the southern bank, construction was carried out in the usual way - across the river. And on the northern bank, the bridge span was built along the shore. and then unfolded it, connecting it to the other half.
Despite its rather significant size, the bridge looks almost weightless. It has become one of the city's most recognizable landmarks. In the middle of the bridge there is a metal stele marking the symbolic border between Europe and Asia.
Russia, Orenburg region, Orenburg city, Naberezhnaya street
House of Military Governors
The ancient building, the main façade of which faces the Orenburg embankment, has served as the residence of the military governors of the region since 1841. Initially, the building of the provincial chancellery was located on this site - the same age as the city of Orenburg. Under Governor Perovsky, it was significantly rebuilt under the leadership of the architect Heinrich Gopius.
The new building was distinguished by the solemnity and severity of its architectural designs, as well as the restrained decor typical of Orenburg government buildings of the mid-nineteenth century. Unfortunately, the building has survived to this day in a significantly distorted form; in the 1930-1950s of the last century it was significantly rebuilt, the third floor windows were broken, distorting the proportions of the facade, and the belvedere that crowned the roof disappeared. Today the building houses a teacher training institute.
Russia, Orenburg city, Sovetskaya street, 2
Husainiya Mosque
In the city of Orenburg, on Kirov Street, there is a rather unusual mosque, called Husainiya. The mosque was built at the expense of the wealthy Tatar merchant Akhmed Khusainov and became the sixth cathedral mosque in the city of Orenburg. To obtain permission from the city authorities for its construction, Khusainov had to make a lot of efforts, nevertheless, in 1892 the building was erected according to the design of the architect Korin.
The Husainiya Mosque attracts attention with its powerful minaret, which is the architectural dominant of this area of the city. In general, the appearance of the complex, asymmetrical building is reminiscent of a Western church built in an oriental style rather than a traditional mosque. Not far from the mosque, on what is now Malo-Torgovy Lane, a three-story madrasah building was built.
Husainiya was closed by the Soviet authorities in 1932. For a long time, the dormitory of the Tatar Pedagogical College was located here, and then the private security department. Only in 1992 was it returned to believers.
Russia, Orenburg region, Orenburg city, Kirova street, 3
Museum-apartment of the Rostropovich family
The museum-apartment of the Rostropovich family is located in the house where the family of the famous musician lived during the evacuation from 1941 to 1943. This house belonged to a close friend of Mstislav Rostropovich’s mother, godmother to her children. Sorbonne graduate Elena Adolfovna Lontkevich taught foreign languages and was famous as a bright, extraordinary, creative person. She tried to take an active part in the musical life of Orenburg.
The fate of the Rostropovich family is closely connected with the house of E.A. Lontkevich. It was here that the maestro’s parents met each other, and in 1922 in Orenburg they got married. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Rostropovich family and their children came to Orenburg for evacuation and settled in two rooms in their godmother’s house. Now there is a memorial museum here. Unfortunately, you won’t find authentic items in the exhibition, but the furnishings and interior of those years have been accurately recreated.
On the massive desk, visitors see a book by Charles Dickens, which was presented to young Slava Rostropovich by the famous composer Mikhail Chulaki. He was also evacuated in Orenburg and taught the aspiring musician the basics of composition. Photographs of Rostropovich's relatives are hung everywhere. The museum's exposition introduces visitors in detail to the Orenburg period of the life of the outstanding musician, whose historical roots and fate are closely connected with the Orenburg region.
st. Ziminskaya, 25, Orenburg, Orenburg region 460000, Russian Federation
Salyut Pobeda Park
On the border of old Orenburg, where the former fortress turned into the city suburbs, the Chernorechensky Garden was located. After the revolution, the garden was named after Mikhail Frunze. In 1973, an eternal flame was lit here and a memorial was created to the memory of those killed in the Great Patriotic War. The current life of the park began in 2005, when, on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the victory, it was decided to organize an open-air exhibition complex of military equipment here.
The park has been seriously reconstructed. Today, more than sixty pieces of military and post-war equipment are concentrated here. Along the paths radiating from the central square of the park, there are installations dedicated to a specific topic - the defense of Moscow and Stalingrad, the Kursk Bulge, home front workers and others.
Today, the exhibition complex “Salute, Victory” is one of the main attractions of the city, which both guests of Orenburg and local residents enjoy visiting.
Tower with chimes on Sovetskaya street
The tower with a clock and a weather vane, in the form of a bird with its wings spread, appeared on the main pedestrian street of Orenburg not so long ago, but managed to become one of its main attractions. The history of the construction of this multi-tiered red brick tower, almost thirty-five meters high, is quite dramatic.
The first clocks to appear were chimes. Back in 1985, they were made at the Krivoy Rog watch factory according to the drawings of Nikolai Kuznetsov, who restored the clock on the tower of the Orenburg History Museum. For the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the city in 1993, it was decided to build a clock tower on Sovetskaya Street. The building project was prepared by Orenburg architect Alexander Ivanov. However, due to lack of funding, the construction of the tower was interrupted every now and then; the building was completed only in 1997, and finishing work continued until 2005. For the same reason, plans to equip the clock with moving figures could not be realized.
However, today this beautiful building, which fits perfectly into the architectural ensemble of Sovetskaya Street, has become one of the local landmarks and attractions. The building of the clock tower houses a trading house.
Russia, Orenburg city, Sovetskaya street, 27
Monument to the fallen internationalist wars
The monument in honor of the fallen internationalist soldiers was erected in Orenburg in 1989. This was the first monument in the Soviet Union to immortalize the memory of Orenburg soldiers and officers who died in battles in Afghanistan. Its creation was initiated by veterans who were the first to voice the idea and receive support from the public and local authorities.
After a competition was announced to create a memorial project, sculptors from different cities began to offer their sketches. The winners of the competitive selection were a local team of authors - sculptor N. Petina, artist A. Yankin and architect P. Kantaev.
The monument consists of two reinforced concrete pylons lined with marble. According to the sculptors' plan, they rise above the water surface of a granite bowl, which symbolizes mother's tears. In the very center of the composition is a symbolic “Handshake”, personifying friendly support and assistance to the people of Afghanistan. The names of heroes are carved on the marble slabs, the list of which was expanded in 2007, when the names of soldiers killed in other hot spots were engraved. In total, the names of 439 people are immortalized in the memorial, including four Heroes of Russia who received this title posthumously.
Monument to the Orenburg Cossacks
The monument to the Orenburg Cossacks is located not far from the St. Nicholas Cathedral - in a park just a few meters from the temple. The monument is dedicated to the valiant Orenburg Cossacks, who took an active part in the formation, development and defense of the borders of the Russian state for centuries. The monument symbolizes the image of the heroic founders of the Orenburg region - the Cossacks setting off on a long campaign.
The grand opening of the monument took place in 2007. It is located in a historical place where the Cossack Settlement was previously located here, which was formed simultaneously with the birth of the city. The famous Orenburg architect N. Chudin-Alexandrin worked on the creation of the monument together with the Moscow sculptor V. Nikolaev.
Cast from bronze, the sculptural composition represents a Cossack on horseback. The facial features were especially finely crafted, which, according to the authors’ plans, were supposed to reflect the character of the founders of the Orenburg region. The sculpture is oriented to the southeast - it was in this direction that the Cossacks went on historical campaigns in the 18th century. The total height of the monument is 12 meters, and the mass of the monument together with the pedestal is more than 170 tons.
in the park near St. Nicholas Cathedral, st. Chkalova, 8, Orenburg, Orenburg region 460001, Russian Federation
Museum of Orenburg History
The Museum of the History of Orenburg, on the Ural embankment, has long become one of the most recognizable symbols of the city. The red brick building with its crenellated turret and clock looks like a miniature medieval castle. In fact, before the revolution, a guardhouse (that is, a prison for military personnel) and a guard service were located here. The guardhouse was built according to the design of the self-taught peasant Ivan Skalochkin in the neo-Gothic style characteristic of Russian eclecticism of the 19th century.
In 1978, the building was transferred to the Orenburg History Museum. Soon, the architectural ensemble of the museum, familiar to the townspeople, was completed with the installation of a monument to A.S. in front of the building. Pushkin by the sculptor V. Stepanyan. At the same time, the tower clock, lost in the thirties, was restored using original drawings.
The museum exhibition is dedicated to important milestones in the history of the Orenburg region. Here you can see exhibits related to the founding of the city, the Pugachev uprising, the arrival of A.S. in Orenburg. Pushkin, famous Russians, whose fate is connected with Orenburg.
Russia, Orenburg region, Orenburg city, Naberezhnaya street, 29
Kargaly
Kargaly or Kargaly mining and metallurgical center is located in the north-west in the Orenburg region. This center is rightfully considered the oldest and largest mining and metallurgical research and production organization in Northern Eurasia. Kargaly is a huge copper ore field with a large number of copper ore lenses and nests of malachite and azurite, which are the main copper minerals in this area.
The copper mineralization has a total area of approximately 500 square kilometers, which consists of 11 large and 11 smaller areas that contain large amounts of copper ore.
In total, Kargaly has approximately 35 thousand traces of surface workings in the form of quarries, mines and adits. It is believed that the total amount of rock may exceed 250 million tons. The larger amount of copper ore recovered dates back to the Bronze Age.
Russia, Orenburg region, 50-140 km northwest of Orenburg.
Poplar Park
The history of the Poplar Park in the city of Orenburg begins in 1888. Then, after another devastating fire, the City Duma decided to lay out a garden on Caravanserai Square so that in the future the trees could prevent the spread of the flames.
The construction of the garden was made possible thanks to the development of a water supply system in the city, and new pipes were specially laid for watering the Poplars. “Khvalynsk” poplars were planted on the sandy soil of the square, which grew quite quickly. Planting the garden, among other things, created jobs that were needed at that time.
The garden quickly became one of the favorite walking places for city residents. Rectangular in plan, it occupies an area of about three and a half hectares. The garden originally contained white and black poplars, oaks, aspens and elms. But from the original plantings, only four trees have survived to this day. By the middle of the last century, the garden ceased to be poplar, and in the eighties of the twentieth century, the “Polars” was reconstructed - more than seventeen species of trees were planted. Today, the garden houses many attractions and carousels, a mini-zoo, and holiday festivities are regularly held here.
Russia, Orenburg region, Orenburg city, Parkovy Avenue
House of Memory
The House of Memory is a building built in the form of a chapel. As a continuation of the Eternal Flame Memorial, it was created to perpetuate the names of the heroes - the dead residents of Orenburg. The names of all those who sacrificed their lives for the good of the Motherland are carved here. These are the first and last names of people recorded from 1900 to the present day.
Marble plaques installed in the House of Memory keep the names of war heroes, internationalist soldiers who died in Afghanistan, Orenburg liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, police officers who died in the line of duty, as well as those who gave their lives during the armed conflict in the North Caucasus. The House of Memory was built according to the design of the architect S.E. Smirnov. Construction of the memorial building lasted for three years and was completed in 2003.
Pobedy Ave., 100/1, Orenburg, Orenburg Region 460000, Russian Federation
The building of the former Orenburg Flight School
The building of the former Orenburg Flight School is located on Chelyuskintsev Street. Until 1993, this picturesque building of the second half of the 19th century housed one of the first flight schools in our country - the Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Red Banner School of Pilots named after Polbin.
Transferred in 1927 from Serpukhov to Orenburg, the school was located in the former building of a theological seminary, the architecture of which combined features of Russian and Byzantine styles.
Over the years of its existence, the flight school has trained several thousand navigators, pilots and other aviation specialists. Among its graduates are three hundred and forty-one Heroes of the Soviet Union. One of them is Grigory Yakovlevich Bakhchivandzhi, the first jet aircraft tester in the world. But the most famous graduate of the school was, without any doubt, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, who studied within the walls of the school from 1955 to 1957. In front of the building there is a MiG-15 aircraft, on which the future first cosmonaut made his first training flights.
In 2007, the building of the former flight school was returned to the Orenburg diocese of the Orthodox Church, and since 2009 the Orenburg Theological Seminary has been located here again.
Russia, Orenburg region, Ornburg city, Chelyuskintsev street, 17
Orenburg State Tatar Drama Theater named after Mirkhaidar Faizi
The history of the Orenburg State Theater named after Mirkhaidar Faizi begins in 1905, when the first Tatar theater troupe appeared in the city. It became perhaps the first troupe in the country to have plays by Tatar playwrights in its repertoire. The first performances were performed in private homes, since the actors did not have a separate theater area. However, the obstacles that arose on the creative path did not break the young team, and the troupe continued to work. In 1907, the artists went on their first tour.
In 1922, a professional drama troupe appeared in Orenburg, which included Tatar actors. Its name has become symbolic in many ways, because “Sharyk” is translated as “East”. From that moment on, the real flourishing of the theater began, which brought together talented people who were sincerely devoted to the Profession. In pre-war times, an orchestra played at the theater, the troupe included more than forty people, and various auxiliary services functioned. The theater could now concentrate on staging plays by classical playwrights.
In 1990, the theater received the status of the state Tatar drama theater, and a year later it was given the name of the famous Tatar playwright Mirkhaidar Faizi. Soon the theater moved to the former Philharmonic building, where it remains to this day. Over the years of its activity, the theater presented about 80 performances to the audience.
Square named after Polina Osipenko
A small square on Sovetskaya Street in the city of Orenburg, located near the clock tower, bears the name of Polina Osipenko, a pilot who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Before the revolution, the building of the military Peter and Paul Church was located on this site. After Soviet power came to Orenburg, the church was destroyed, in its place there was a wasteland for a long time, and then a square with a fountain was laid out.
It should be noted that Orenburg residents practically do not know the official name of the park. The older generation calls the square “frogs” - until the early seventies of the last century, there was a fountain decorated with six sculptural images of these animals. And young people dubbed this place “the pedal.” The origin of the nickname is connected with the twin monument to Pushkin and Dahl installed in the center of the square. This monument by Orenburg sculptor Nadezhda Gavrilovna Petina was erected in 1998 in memory of the meeting of two great Russian writers in Orenburg. In everyday speech, the writers' surnames were shortened, and the square received its slightly rude nickname.
Polina Osipenko Square is one of the landmarks of the city center and a popular meeting place for city residents.
Russia, Orenburg region, Orenburg city, Sovetskaya street
Gazebo-rotunda in the park named after. Lenin
In the park named after Lenin on the central street of Orenburg there is an old gazebo - a rotunda. Gazebos of similar architecture were a common decoration of garden and park ensembles of the Classical era. The Orenburg rotunda corresponds to the classical canons of this elegant architectural style - ten snow-white columns with Doric capitals are installed on a round raised base. The gazebo is covered with a small dome. In the center of the gazebo there was a small fountain decorated with a sculpture of Cupid, which unfortunately has not survived.
The rotunda was erected in 1837 under Governor P.K. Essen for the arrival of the future Emperor Alexander II in Orenburg. The author of the project was probably the architect Alfeev. Initially, the gazebo was located in the Transural Grove, where a park was built, paths were laid, an orchestra played, and fireworks were displayed on holidays. At the end of the 19th century, the gazebo was moved to Aleksandrovsky Square (now Lenin Square).
Today, in the restored rotunda, on the site of the lost fountain, there is a sculptural composition depicting a girl with a jug and a child, which previously adorned another Orenburg fountain.
Russia, Orenburg region, Orenburg city, Sovetskaya street
Water tower
One of the architectural landmarks of the city of Orenburg is the ancient water tower, located at the beginning of one of the largest city streets - Pobeda Avenue. The tower was built in 1928 according to the design of the architect Ryangin, becoming one of the first large industrial buildings in Soviet Orenburg.
The massive silhouette of the tower, which was supposed to hold about a thousand tons of water, looks quite elegant. This is facilitated by the tall lancet windows in its lower part; their shape and relative position seem to facilitate the construction of the building. The contrasting combination of red brick and ocher plaster decorative elements gives the building an elegant look.
In the sixties of the last century, the tower ceased to be used for its intended purpose due to the massive construction of multi-story buildings in the area. Today, the former water tower houses a café and office space.
Russia, Orenburg city. Pobedy Avenue, 14/1
Orenburg Regional Museum of Fine Arts
The Orenburg Regional Museum of Fine Arts is located on the central pedestrian street of the city. The ancient building, built in 1814 according to the design of the architect Malakhov in the style of Russian classicism, housed the city legislative assembly before the revolution.
The basis for the future museum was a collection of paintings by the Orenburg Itinerant artist Lukian Popov, mainly works by landscape painters of the nineteenth century. The museum's collection contains paintings by such wonderful Russian painters as Savrasov, Aivazovsky, Polenov and many others. Works by local artists are widely represented in the exhibition.
The museum opened in 1962. Today, its exhibits include works of fine and decorative art from the sixteenth century to the present day. A separate hall is occupied by an exhibition of the best examples of one of the symbols of the city - the Orenburg down scarf.
Europe-Asia Stele
In 1981, column was installed the Ural River , which can conditionally be considered the Europe-Asia border . Why conditional? You know that scientists do not stop in their research. Once upon a time, in the 18th century, it was believed that the Ural River was a natural border dividing the mainland. But everything changed in the 20th century! Today, geographers have determined that the border runs along a mountain range, a little further from Orenburg .
But in memory of the worldview of the past, a stele was erected. It is visible from the ring road and many city guests entering Orenburg stop in their cars near this sign. From the city center, the stele can be easily reached on foot if you move along the embankment. The area near the obelisk is decorated with flower beds and lanterns. You can come here both during the day and in the evening.
Option No. 2
Orenburg is a city located on the Ural River and ranks twenty-eighth in population among all Russian cities. The Orenburg region is located next to the Saratov region, Samara region, Kazakhstan and Tatarstan. This region is very large and the scale is truly surprising.
The city of Orenburg has a unique founding history. Orenburg began to be built three times and always in different places:
1 time - at the confluence of two rivers, Yaik and Ori;
2 times - on Red Mountain;
3 times - at the base of the Ural coast.
Orenburg is rightly called the largest industrial city in the Ural-Volga region. This city has excellent educational institutions, such as OSU, medical universities, pedagogical and agricultural training centers, a cadet school under the president and many secondary specialized educational institutions. Many famous singers, composers, musicians and poets are associated with this city.
The city of Orenburg is located between Europe and Asia and thanks to the railway, it has become a connecting link between them. On the pedestrian bridge that crosses the Ural River, there is a sign marking the border between the two parts of the world.
The climate of this city is temperate continental and this greatly affects temperature fluctuations. If in summer the temperature reaches forty-five degrees Celsius, then in winter it can drop to minus forty-nine. Summer is very hot, but short. The temperature rises in June and lasts until the end of August. At this time of year, there is a drought in Orenburg. It also doesn’t last long, starting in September, ending in November and cold winter sets in, snow falls.
Orenburg is a city that arose from a fortress built under Anna Ionovna. There are a lot of buildings left in it that were erected in the USSR, which are located next to the new buildings. Sovetskaya Street is the main street in the city and all the streets and avenues of the city begin from it. This street is considered the Orenburg Arbat, since even buses do not run along it. This street is famous for the Soviet buildings located along it.
The Orenburg region is a multinational region, as more than a hundred different nationalities live in it, ranging from Kazakhs to Armenians. In two thousand and four, the regional governor proposed creating a complex called the National Village, which would help unite all the cultures of the peoples living in the same territory. Currently, ten houses of different cultures have been built, and by visiting there you can experience all the elegance of cultures and the way of life of different peoples.
Caravanserai
Typically, a building with this name is intended to accommodate traders with goods. But in Orenburg this complex of buildings was provided for the comfort of the Bashkir military. The fact is that at the beginning of the 19th century, the governor of the Orenburg region decided to create a powerful military force. It included Bashkir military and Ural Cossacks.
As a step of respect for the religion of the Bashkirs, a mosque was built. Construction was carried out at the expense of the city budget, but the Muslims themselves helped prepare the materials. From 1837 to 1846, the complex was built under the leadership of Alexander Bryullov (brother of the famous artist Karl Bryullov ). It consisted of a mosque, a two-story building where the commander of the Bashkir army , a military office and various workshops. From 1865 to 1917 this building became the residence of the Orenburg Governor .
Presentation on the topic: My Favorite Orenburg
My Favorite Orenburg
Love of Motherland. Love for the homeland. We know the English word “Motherland” but it has two meanings. First, it is place you were born in. Then it means the house or district in which one was born. Love of Motherland comes to people in different ways. For some people their motherland begins in a city street. For other people it is their own village or a house in which they have grown up. Usually this place is “the best place in the world” We know that the English word is “Motherland”, but it has two meanings. Firstly, this is the place you were born in. Then this means the house or area in which one was born. Love for the Motherland comes to people in different ways. For some people, their homeland begins in the city streets. For people this is their home village or the house in which they grew up. Generally this place is "the best place in the world"
This district was founded in September 1, 1938 with the main administrative center — town Orenburg. In the year 1998 it has celebrating its 60th Anniversary .People of different nationalities and different languages (though all of them speak Russian) live here Russians, Kazakhs, Tatars Ukrainians, Germans, Bashkir's, and others. Of course. they form one big family. This district was founded on September 1, 1938 as the main administrative center - Orenburg. In 1998 he celebrated his 60th birthday. People of different nationalities and different languages (although they all speak Russian) live here: Russians, Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, German, Bashkir, and others. Certainly. they form one big family.
In August 1968 the group of geologist found the deposit of gas in the territory of our district and this event brought the people to the creation of the biggest plant in our country gas plant. Now there are hundreds of chinks or wells connection different gas objects on the left bank of the river Ural ? Covering the area of hundreds and more kilometers. Gas has not only the international meaning but it is a warm house with light, hot and cold water. In August 1968, a group of geologists found gas deposits in our region, and this event led people to create the largest gas plant in our country. Now there are hundreds of wells or wells connecting various gas facilities on the left bank of the Ural River? An area of hundreds or more kilometers. Gas is not only of international importance, but it is a warm home with light, hot and cold water.
. Each day a great number of planes transfer many people to different towns, big cities and, of course, abroad. The first spaceman UAGagarin got his future profession in our town and made his first steps to the sky. Every day a large number of aircraft transfer to many people in different cities, major cities and, of course, abroad. The first cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin received his future profession in our city and took his first steps into the sky.
Another page of the Orenburg region/s history is the Orenburg Cossacks. In the year 1881 the number of the Orenburg Cossacs reached the point 295 thousand people. They served to the Tzar government. A great deal of them lived Orenburg district. From the period of 1990 up to 1996 a great number of Cossacks organization formed in different Cossacks settlement: Nikolka, Pavlovka, and Blagoslovenka. The aim of such organization is to increase the number of Cossacks and to form the classes of cadets to prepare them for their future military services. In the year 1841 the village Dedurovka was united to the Orenburg Cossacks. Another page of the Orenburg region / from the history of the Orenburg Cossacks. In 1881, the number of Orenburg Cossacks reached 295 thousand people. They served the king's government. Many of them lived in the Orenburg region. In the period from 1990 to 1996, a large number of Cossack organizations were created in various Cossack settlements: Nikolka, Pavlovka, and Blagoslovenka. The purpose of such an organization is to increase the number of Cossacks and form classes of cadets to prepare them for future military service. In 1841, the village of Dedurovka became united for the Orenburg Cossacks.
The well-know geologist, academician Fersman, called the Orenburg region 'The pearl of the Urals' for the unique and vast variety of minerals our land is rich in. Do you know that our region is the largest in Russia, it exceeds the territory of Latvia, Georgia, Armenia, Moldavia, Austria and Portugal and can easily house Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark and Luxembourg taken together?0ur region is “bridge” connecting Asia and Europe. Well-known geologist, academician A. E. Fersman, called the Orenburg region “the pearl of the Urals” for the unique and wide variety of minerals our country is rich in. Did you know that our region is the largest in Russia, it exceeds the territory of Latvia, Georgia, Armenia , Moldova, Austria and Portugal and easily home to Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark and Luxembourg combined? 0ur region is a “bridge” connecting Asia and Europe.
There are over 200 deposits of 75 different minerals, including oil, gas, brown coal, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, salt, jasper and brick clays in our region. There are more than 200 deposits of 75 different minerals, including oil, gas, brown coal, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, salt, jasper and brick clays in our region.
Orenburg is an administrative center of the Region It is on the confluence of the river Ural and the river Samara. Its population is above 532.000 people. It has industries? Universities? The regional museum of local lore, the Regional Librarv named after Krupskaya, The Drama theatre. The Orenburg folk choir. The Puppet theater the Art museum, the Concert Hall of the Philharmonic, the Theater of Musical Comedy, the Tatar theatre, the dispensary “Rosinka“In orenburg region enter: Buguruslan, Mednogorsk, Sorochinsk, AbdulIino, Kuvandyk, Orsk, Novotroitsk, Buzuluk. Orenburgskaya is the administrative center of the region It is at the confluence of the Ural River and the Samara River. Its population exceeds 532,000 people. Is he an industry? Universities? Regional Museum of Local History, Regional Library named after Krupskaya, Drama Theatre. Orenburg folk choir. Puppet theater, Art Museum, Philharmonic concert hall, Musical Comedy Theater, Tatar theater, Rosinka dispensary. The Orenburg region includes: Buguruslan, Mednogorsk, Sorochinsk, Abdulino, Kuvandyk, Orsk, Novotroitsk, Buzuluk.
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Planetarium
The Orenburg Planetarium is 65 years old. It was the eighth planetarium in the country. Initially, during Soviet times, it was located in the building of the Caravanserai , and in the 1980s it was allocated another building.
From the very first minutes, visitors are immersed in the cosmic world. The hall where events take place is brightly decorated. Planets and various spacecraft are located under the ceiling. The windows also display children's works on space themes. The planetarium offers programs for both children and adults. Most of them take place in the form of lectures and films. Equipment with a rotating dome immerses the viewer in outer space. But if you want to watch a real solar eclipse, you will be asked to go to another room where a powerful telescope is installed. It can easily “deliver” you to the rings of Saturn or to the Milky Way .
Interesting facts about Orenburg
Fact 1. The site for the construction of Orenburg was moved three times, since the first two were considered inconvenient. Moreover, for the second time, they even managed to build a fortress in the chosen place, which was then not moved, and it grew into an independent city, called Orsk. And Orenburg itself, in the place where it stands now, emerged from the Krasnogorsk fortress, but was later renamed in honor of the Or River.
Fact 2. The decision to build Orenburg, which was supposed to become a border fortress, was made after the Kazakh Junior Zhuz, a union of three tribes, wished to become part of the Russian Empire. The elders pledged to pay taxes and protect the borders of the country, in return demanding that Catherine I build them a powerful fortress.
Fact 3. In Soviet times, Orenburg was called Chkalov for 19 years, in honor of the famous pilot. They even erected a huge 13-meter monument to him here, although Valery Chkalov himself had never been here. But this is not an exceptional case - party leader Kalinin, after whom Kaliningrad was named, also never visited this city.
Fact 4. The Orenburg flag and coat of arms depict the cross of St. Andrew the First-Called. This cross was given to the townspeople by Catherine II in gratitude for holding the city during the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev, while many other cities went over to the side of the rebels.
Fact 5. In the Russian Empire, Orenburg was for a long time the main trading center connecting the European part of our country with Central Asia. A huge amount of goods passed through it, mainly meat, fresh and frozen, wool, down, leather and oil. In 1881, the first condensed milk production plant in Russia was put into operation here.
Fact 6. Until the end of the last century, the city day was not celebrated here. More precisely, they celebrated, but only on round dates, and this event switched to an annual basis only at the end of the last century. Orenburg City Day is celebrated either on the first weekend of September or on the last weekend of summer.
Fact 7. Of all the large Russian cities, the environmental situation in Orenburg remains one of the most favorable. The number of environmentally harmful industries here is small, and in terms of green space per capita, this city ranks second in Russia.
Fact 8. Modern Orenburg is located on both banks of the Ural River. And since this river is used more often than other geographical objects as a border between Asia and Europe, we can say that part of Orenburg lies in one part of the world, and part in another. There is even a corresponding sign on the bridge across the Urals. However, a number of scientific societies draw the European-Asian border not along the river, but along the Ural Mountains.
Fact 9. Soon after its founding, Orenburg became famous for its special down scarves, which are made from the soft down of local goats. Orenburg downy shawls are now widely known not only in Russia, but also in other countries, and they are considered symbols of our country along with Tula samovars and gingerbread cookies, Dymkovo toys from Kirov, Khokhloma painting, Gzhel and nesting dolls.
Fact 10. Orenburg weather is famous for its unpredictability and sudden temperature changes.
Here you never know what kind of winter it will be like - sudden thaws may occur, or frosts may come, the record for which here reaches -43.2 °C. Spring and autumn are short here, and meteorological winter and summer last 4 months a year. Did you like the article? Share with your friends!
Museum of Fine Arts
The Museum of Fine Arts consists of two buildings. The old building, classical style, was built in the 19th century by Mikhail Malakhov . It was intended for the city council and court. During Soviet times, a kindergarten was located here. The second building is modern, transferred to the museum’s collections in 2012.
For those who are interested in the fine arts of our country, visiting the museum will make many discoveries for themselves. Most of the collection is focused on the preservation and development of national culture. Part of the fund is occupied by works by Orenburg artists, as well as decorative and applied art of the Southern Urals .
Orenburg
Orenburg
Address: 460000, Orenburg, st. Sovetskaya, 60
Internet portal address: www.orenburg.ru
Date of formation : April 30, 1743
Status – regional center, urban district
The total area of the territory is 91691 hectares
Population (average annual) – 583,624 people.
Main water arteries : r. Ural, r. Sakmara
time difference from Moscow: +2 hours
The total area of land resources of the city of Orenburg is 91,691 hectares:
forest fund lands – 873 hectares
agricultural land – 60,536 hectares
land of settlements – 29,092 hectares
reserve land – 316 hectares
lands of industry, energy, transport, communications – 743 hectares
water fund lands – 131 hectares
The city includes the territories of rural settlements:
villages: Berdyanka, Kargala, Nizhnesakmara, Samorodovo, Kholodnye Klyuchi, Krasny Partizan, Troitsky;
villages: Gorodishche, Krasnokholm, Ponds.
The city territory is divided into two territorial units:
Southern District (Leninsky and Central districts);
Northern District (Dzerzhinsky and Industrial districts).
Historical information about the city of Orenburg. The first stone for the foundation of the city of Orenburg was laid under Empress Anna Ioannovna on April 19 (30), 1743 in the area between the Yaik and Sakmara rivers. Orenburg was founded three times. For the first time in 1735 - on the site of the current city of Orsk, located in the east of the modern Orenburg region. In 1739, Orenburg was moved to a new location - Krasnaya Gora, which, after some time, was also considered not a very convenient place. And finally, our city began to be built on the banks of the Yaik River, which was later renamed the Ural.
The fate of Orenburg is unusual. It became a provincial and regional center four times, a district center three times, was the center of the district of the Middle Volga region, the “steppe capital” of the Kirghiz (Kazakh) Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, was renamed three times, and was awarded the highest awards of the state three times.
Orenburg can also be called special because it is located simultaneously in two parts of the world: Europe and Asia. In 1981, behind the road bridge over the river. Ural, an obelisk “Europe-Asia” was erected, symbolizing the border of parts of the world passing along the river. On Russian territory this is the first sign marking the border between Europe and Asia.
From the moment of its appearance on the map of the Russian state, Orenburg performed special state tasks:
defended the southeastern borders of Russia;
was an international trade center, a conductor of the Eurasian policy of the state - the Great Silk Road passed here;
During the Great Patriotic War, it was the “forge of Victory” - more than 40 large industrial enterprises carrying out military state orders were evacuated to Orenburg from the West of the country.
The paths of such famous people in Russian history as Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, Ivan Andreevich Krylov, Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko, Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev intersected with Orenburg in different years.
In 1833, Orenburg was visited by the great Russian classic Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who collected materials about the Pugachev uprising. After this trip, the famous story “The Captain's Daughter” and “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion” were written.
At the Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Flight School named after. I.S. Polbina was given the profession of pilot by the first cosmonaut on the planet, Hero of the Soviet Union and honorary citizen of the city of Orenburg, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.
The world famous cellist and conductor Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich, an honorary citizen of the city of Orenburg, often came to the city where he spent his military childhood.
The hallmark of Orenburg is the down products of local craftswomen, the fame of which has spread throughout the world. Unique Orenburg hand-knitted goat feather scarves, common since the 18th century, are distinguished by their fine workmanship, original pattern, durability and ability to retain heat for a long time.
Today Orenburg is a major political and industrial center not only of the Orenburg region, but also of the entire Ural-Volga region. Modern Orenburg is also a center of science and higher education.
After the discovery of the Orenburg gas condensate field in the late 60s, Orenburg actively grew and developed. It was then that the main volumes of the currently available housing stock were put into operation and the basic engineering infrastructure was created.
Modern Orenburg is one of the largest logistics commodity and transport hubs, of great interest to industrialists and entrepreneurs interested in promoting their products and goods to the markets of Russia and beyond (Middle and Central Asia, near and far abroad).
Orenburg has highly qualified specialists, production and intellectual resources necessary for the development of innovative sectors of the economy, manufacturing and highly productive agriculture.
Natural and raw materials resources. The territory of the Orenburg region combines the natural complexes of the forest-steppe of central Russia, the steppes of the South-East, the sandy and saline deserts of the Middle Caspian region and Turgai, the wooded low mountains of the Southern Urals, the pine-birch forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia.
Nature is distinguished by its exceptional diversity and amazing contrasts.
The Ural and Sakmara rivers flow through the territory of the city of Orenburg. The purpose of water resources is household and drinking.
The Ural, the largest water artery of Orenburg and the Orenburg region, flowing into the Caspian Sea, has acquired the status of an interstate transboundary river. In terms of total length, it is the third river in Europe (after the Volga and Danube). The river crosses the Orenburg region from east to west, flowing through ten districts over a distance of 1,164 km. Administratively, the Urals flows through the territory of three constituent entities of the Russian Federation - Orenburg and Chelyabinsk regions, the Republic of Bashkortostan and three constituent entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan - Aktobe, West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions.
Almost the entire periodic table is represented in the Orenburg region. More than 2,500 deposits of 75 types of minerals have been explored in transport proximity to the city of Orenburg. Gas, oil, coal, copper-nickel and iron ores, rock salt, gold and rare metals, marble, jasper, asbestos, sand, clay, limestone and others are mined. There are springs of natural mineral water. In terms of reserves and mining volumes, the Orenburg region is among the leading group of Russian regions.
Of particular importance is Orenburg natural gas, which is produced at the Orenburg gas condensate field, the largest in Europe. The field is characterized by particular gas saturation and multicomponent nature. The composition of the produced gas, in addition to methane and gas condensate, includes ethane, butane, propane, helium, hexane, pentane, methyl, nitrogen, sulfur and mercaptans.
Population. The population of Orenburg has grown significantly over the past decades: in 1926, 123 thousand residents lived in the city, in 1939 - 172 thousand, 1959 - 267 thousand, 1974 - 400 thousand, 2005 - 539 thousand, 2018 - 580.1 thousand ., 2021 – 583.6 thousand people.
Our city is multinational in terms of its residents. Cultural societies of Tatars, Kazakhs, Bashkirs, Germans, Ukrainians, Armenians, etc. have been created and are functioning. Different religions coexist peacefully at the junction of Western and Eastern cultures. The city has Orthodox cathedrals and churches, churches, mosques and synagogues.
National composition of the population of the city of Orenburg:
| Nationality | % to total | Nationality | % to total |
| Russians | 82,9 | Tatars | 7,6 |
| Ukrainians | 2,9 | Kazakhs | 1,4 |
| Bashkirs | 1,0 | Mordovians | 0,6 |
| Germans | 0,4 | Belarusians | 0,4 |
| Chuvash | 0,3 | Jews | 0,2 |
| other | 2,3 |
Personnel and scientific potential. The total workforce of the city of Orenburg is more than 361 thousand people, the economically active population is more than 293 thousand people. The level of officially registered unemployment remains at the level of 0.5-0.6% of the economically active population of the city of Orenburg.
The population composition by age is distributed as follows:
working age – 64.8%;
younger than working age – 15.5%;
over working age – 19.7%.
Modern Orenburg is a center of higher education and science. A wide network of higher and secondary vocational educational institutions, research institutes, certified laboratories and design organizations ensures the availability of highly qualified scientific and personnel potential.
The city is home to independent state higher educational institutions and non-state institutions of various profiles (60 thousand students), educational institutions of secondary vocational education (15.5 thousand students), research and design institutes, scientific centers and societies. The main ones are Orenburg State University, Orenburg State Agrarian University, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg State Institute of Management, Orenburg State Institute of Art named after. Rostropovich, Moscow State Law Academy named after. O.E. Kutafin, Motor Transport College, Medical College, Pedagogical College named after. Kalugin, College of Statistics, Economics and Informatics, etc.
Transport infrastructure. The city is located at the nodal point of automobile, aviation and railway routes connecting almost all regions with the capital of Russia, the Urals and the Far East, the Black Sea coast and Central Asia, countries of the near and far abroad.
Highways connect Orenburg with major Russian cities:
access to Orenburg from M-5 “Ural” – Samara-Orenburg – 275 km
Orenburg-Ilek-Uralsk – 126.8 km
Ufa-Orenburg – 77 km
Orenburg-Orsk-Shilda-border of the Chelyabinsk region. – 406 km
Orenburg-Sol-Iletsk-Akbulak-border of the Aktobe region. – 150.1 km
Kazan-Chistopol-Bugulma-Orenburg – 276.2 km
Bugulma-Uralsk – 337.3 km
Orenburg bypass road (within the city) – 22.5 km.
Transit freight and passenger flows pass through Orenburg in the directions of the Center, Middle Urals and the Republic of Kazakhstan (Aktobe, Aksai and Uralsk).
Orenburg is one of the supporting points in the construction of the international transport corridor “Western Europe - Western China” - the shortest route from Western Europe to China.
Motor transport. From the regional center there is a daily bus service with all regional centers of the Orenburg region and nearby villages.
There is direct bus service with the cities of Samara, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa, Perm, Magnitogorsk, Naberezhnye Chelny, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Meleuz, Izhevsk, Uralsk, Aktyubinsk, etc. Residents of the city and its guests have the opportunity to go to Moscow, Anapa, Poland and Germany on a comfortable bus.
Passenger transportation on municipal city routes is carried out by:
municipal government enterprise MCP "Orenburg Passenger Transportation" (large and medium-capacity buses, large-capacity trolleybuses);
individual entrepreneurs and legal entities (private carriers).
Railway transport. The city of Orenburg is a large railway junction connecting Central Europe with Central Asia and the Far East. From here roads lead to Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, to Siberia and the Far East, to the south of Russia and to Ukraine.
Trains from Moscow, Bishkek, Tashkent, Akmola, Minsk, Ufa, Novokuznetsk, Irkutsk, Adler, Mineralnye Vody, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Saratov, Samara pass through the regional center. Passengers today can travel from Orenburg without a transfer to St. Petersburg, Tashkent, Bishkek, Simferopol, Brest and Adler.
Orenburg station receives dozens of freight and passenger trains per day. Up to 5 thousand cars per day are processed daily. The station's technological processes are fully automated, communication systems have been updated, and the security system has been strengthened. The station operates 24 hours a day.
Suburban communication is carried out by commuter trains in the direction of Iletsk, Akbulak and Muraptalovo and by electric trains to the East to Orsk, Mednogorsk, Kuvandyk and Saraktash.
Air traffic. 25 kilometers from the city of Orenburg is the Orenburg International Airport named after. Yu.A. Gagarin. Transportation of passengers, baggage and cargo on international and Russian airlines on regular and charter flights.
The airport has organized border, customs and sanitary-quarantine control of persons and aircraft performing international flights.
Industrial potential. The basis of the economic potential of the city of Orenburg is made up of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises and small businesses. The register of economic entities in the city of Orenburg contains statistical and tax records of about 18 thousand economic entities of all forms of ownership.
The city has a developed diversified industry, which is represented by enterprises of all types of economic activity: food and flour and cereals, mechanical and instrument making, textile and clothing, chemical, construction and woodworking, oil and gas production and oil and gas refining.
The main industrial enterprises are: Gazprom Dobycha Orenburg LLC, Gazprom Neft Orenburg CJSC, Nedra-K LLC, Preobrazhenskneft JSC, Orenburg Bread Processing Plant OJSC, Khleboproduct-1 CJSC, Khleboproduct-2 CJSC , LLC "A7Agro - Orenburg Dairy Plant", OJSC "Orenburg Feed Mill, CJSC", JSC "PO "Strela", OJSC "Drilling Equipment Plant", OJSC ", OJSC "Gidropress", LLC "Orenburg Radiator", CJSC "Unichel- Orenburg, CJSC, OREN-ORS LLC, Orenburg branch of T Plus PJSC, branch of IDGC of Volga OJSC - Orenburgenergo, Orenburgoblgaz OJSC, Orenburg Vodokanal LLC, etc.
Over the past years, industrial production indicators have been characterized by only positive dynamics. The Orenburg economy is at the stage of sustainable development. Orenburg enterprises produce natural and associated gas and oil, including gas condensate, non-metallic building materials (sand, crushed stone and natural stone). Natural gas from the Orenburg region reaches many regions of Russia and Western European countries. Manufacturing enterprises operate stably. The consumer market of the city of Orenburg is more than 25% supplied with everyday goods of its own production from local agricultural raw materials.
Food industry enterprises produce a wide range of everyday products for the needs of the population of the city and nearby rural areas: flour and cereals from grains and legumes, bread and bakery products, whole milk products and confectionery, butter, soft drinks and beer. A significant volume of products is supplied to neighboring regions (Samara and Chelyabinsk regions, Republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan) and outside Russia (Republic of Kazakhstan).
The production of goods is accompanied by an expansion of the range of products, an improvement in their quality and an increase in competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets.
Industrial goods produced in Orenburg - tractor and car radiators, inverters and electrical equipment, drilling equipment, the famous Orenburg down scarves - can be found not only in other regions of Russia, but also in many countries around the world.
The most important element in the development of the city’s economy is small and medium-sized businesses. The development of entrepreneurship contributes to the diversification of industrial production and saturation of the local market with goods and services. Small business is the most mobile instrument of the economy, responding to the slightest changes in market conditions and having a significant impact on the overall socio-economic development of the city.
More than 14 thousand small and medium-sized enterprises and more than 18 thousand entrepreneurs without forming a legal entity carry out production activities in the city.
Small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurs produce a large share of everyday goods and provide paid services to the population in various areas.
Business entities are introducing high-tech production in the mechanical engineering, electrical and gas industries, including the use of nanotechnology and scientific developments of Orenburg scientists.
Consumer market and service sector. Orenburg has a wide network of stationary consumer market organizations. In the city, there are more than 2.5 thousand trade and public catering enterprises, more than 2.5 thousand organizations (with a reception network and branches) providing services to the population.
The consumer market of the city of Orenburg is of interest to many large retailers and chain trade operators who are looking for an opportunity to enter the markets of cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people. Currently, such giants of global and Russian trade as “METRO Cash & Carry”, “X5 Retail Group NV”, “Lenta”, “Magnit”, “Eldorado”, “M-Video” have entered the territory of the city of Orenburg. "Sportmaster" and others.
Orenburg food industry enterprises are developing their own network of branded stores in a “walking distance” format: “Summer Meadow”, “Hleboproduct-2”, Trade House “Saraktashsky Dairy”, etc.
In the city of Orenburg, representative offices of world-famous car manufacturers have been opened, such as: the official dealer of AUDI AG - "Audi Center Master", Mercedes-Benz - "Kaskad-Auto", BMW - "Beilin Motors Group", General Motors - "Vector-Auto" , Toyota Motor Corporation - Toyota Center Orenburg, Peugeot - Loire, Mazda - Rolf Ural, Hyundai - OrenRolf, Nissan - AST-Motors, Renault - Renom, etc. All representative offices have the territory of the city of Orenburg has its own service centers for car maintenance and repair.
Cultural heritage and tourism. Orenburg is an unusual city with a special destiny and culture, a rich history associated with great names and events. The city was created not only to develop trade relations with the countries of Central Asia, but also was a conductor of the Eurasian politics and culture of the Russian state. Orenburg has high potential for tourism development and is rightfully considered one of the cultural centers of the Southern Urals.
Orenburg is famous for its monumental sculptural monuments and compositions, each of which is original, unique and dear to residents and guests of Orenburg. This is one of the world's first monuments to V.I. Lenin (1925, sculptor V.V. Kozlov), monument to V.P. Chkalov (1953, sculptor I.A. Mendelevich), monument to A.S. Pushkin, opened on the 150th anniversary of the poet’s stay in Orenburg (1982, sculptor V.S. Stepanyan), monument-monument “To those who fell for the Soviet Motherland” (1973, sculptors Yu.L. Chernov, Yu.V. Aleksandrov), monument to Yuri Gagarin (1986, sculptor Yu.L. Chernov), monument to Leo Tolstoy (1994, sculptor Yu.A. Chernov), etc.
In Orenburg, unique cultural and art institutions carry out creative activities: Orenburg State Regional Drama Theater named after. M. Gorky, Orenburg State Regional Theater of Musical Comedy, Orenburg State Tatar Drama Theater named after. Mirhaidara Faizi, Orenburg Regional Puppet Theater, Orenburg Municipal Theater "Pierrot", Orenburg Regional Philharmonic. Residents and guests of the city can attend exciting concerts of the Russian song ensemble “Russian Expanse”, the Orenburg brass band, the municipal chamber choir, etc.
A good material sports and training base has been created in the city of Orenburg. There are multidisciplinary sports palaces and stadiums, physical training arenas and courts on the basis of which city, regional, all-Russian and international competitions are held.
Historical and cultural routes, extreme and sports tourism routes, hunting tours, and river rafting are popular among Russians and foreigners. Tourists from Austria, Germany, Belarus and others come for trophy hunting and fishing.
Orenburg annually hosts the Days of Japan, the Days of German Culture, and the International Film Festival “East-West. Classic & Avant-garde”, etc.
On the territory of the city of Orenburg there is an architectural monument of federal significance, the Caravanserai Complex, the Regional Museum of Local Lore, the Museum of the History of the City of Orenburg, the Museum of Fine Arts, the Memorial Complex-Museum “Salute, Victory!”, the Memorial Museum-Guardhouse of T. Shevchenko, etc.
A well-known object of business tourism has become the unique cultural complex “National Village” in Russia, attracting tourists from other regions of Russia, CIS countries and foreign countries.
In the city of Orenburg, temples and churches (St. Nicholas Cathedral, Pokrovskaya, Dmitrievskaya, St. John the Theologian, Holy Mother of God Lutheran, etc.), Husainiya, Suleymaniya, Caravanserai, Cathedral and others mosques have been preserved and restored for posterity.
Within transport accessibility from the city of Orenburg there are natural and man-made objects of world and Russian significance: the Buzuluksky forest, the salt lake “Razval”, the Iriklinskoye reservoir, the Guberlinsky mountains, the Kuvandyk ski resort, etc.
Orenburg Governor's Museum
The appearance of this museum is due to the Orenburg military governor P.P. Sukhtelen . In the middle of the 19th century, he gathers representatives of the scientific world and sets before them the task of systematizing knowledge about the Southern Urals . By this time, the Orenburg region was poorly studied, all materials were scattered. It was supposed to unite them and create a regional museum telling about the botany, geology and zoology of the region.
Among the scientists was V.I. Dahl . He is appointed to the position of corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences . His tasks included studying the flora and fauna of the Orenburg region . Having lived for almost 10 years in the Southern Urals , he wrote the first textbooks in Russia on zoology and botany. , a “zoological museum” was formed in Orenburg , which laid the foundation for the local history museum . Today, its collection includes more than 100 thousand exhibits. Among them are works of craftsmen of the region, household items, costumes, musical instruments...
People's Museum named after General M.G. Chernyaeva
This museum will be of interest to anyone who is interested in history, because it contains exhibits telling about the wars of the 19th-21st centuries. It is very symbolic that the museum is located in a building that was built by Japanese and German prisoners of war in 1948. This is one of the few museums where you can hold exhibits in your hands and take pictures with them.
An interesting object of the museum is the diorama “Berlin. 1945. May " . It was installed for the 70th anniversary of the victory. Standing next to her, the viewer is transported to the roof of the Reichstag and, as if together with our soldiers, sets up the red banner. The museum is open free of charge.
