Alushta (Crimea). What to see. Attractions 2021.

City of Alushta (Crimea)

Alushta is a resort town on the southern coast of Crimea, located between Sudak and Yalta. This is a small town on the Black Sea coast, surrounded by picturesque green mountains, which is considered one of the best resorts on the Crimean Peninsula. Alushta is famous for its warm and clean sea, abundance of sunny days and beautiful nature. Despite the ancient history, few ancient monuments have been preserved here, and most of the attractions are beautiful natural places and resort infrastructure.

How to get there?

A good way to buy cheap air tickets is on the largest search engine in Russia, aviasales.ru.
There are many ways to get to the resort, which we described in detail in the feature article.

The fastest way is by plane to Simferopol , and then by any type of ground transport to your destination. The easiest way is to take a trolleybus, the stop of which is located near the railway station.

With the opening of the Crimean Bridge, it became possible to get to the resort by personal transport and by train.

Train tickets

The opening of the railway across the Crimean Bridge took place in December of the nineteenth year. Trains run from St. Petersburg to Sevastopol (travel time 1 day, 19.5 hours, cost from 3500 rubles) and from Moscow to Simferopol (travel time 1 day 9 hours, cost from 3000 rubles). Single-decker trains with reserved seat and compartment cars, as well as double-decker compartments and SVs run along the routes.

Railway tickets can be purchased on Tutu.ru - a service for online booking of railway tickets in Russia and the CIS countries.

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What wine should you try?

Reference! The history of Alushta winemaking begins in 1830, when landowner Petrichenko founded one of the first wineries on the peninsula. After Petrichenko’s death in 1889, the farm was acquired by one of the large Russian trading houses, which invested substantial capital in its development. This is how Semillon, Cabernet, Albilio and Aligote appeared in Alushta. Some of the wine was made from grapes grown by local peasants. By the end of the century, pink and white Muscat, Madeira and Port varieties, as well as Tokaj wines appeared.

Now in the territory of Greater Alushta there are several wineries: “Alushta”, “Tavrida”, “Privetnensky” and “Malorechensky”.

The state farm conducts excursions with tasting of 9 samples.

The cost of an hour-long excursion is 500 rubles. Excursions are held on weekdays at 16:00. from May to October. Visiting excursions is prohibited for persons under 16 years of age.

Geography and climate

Alushta is located in the south of Crimea, 36 km from Yalta. The resort is located on the Black Sea coast in a natural basin surrounded by the Crimean Mountains. The mountain rivers Demerdzhi and Ulu-Uzen flow through the city.

Alushta has a Mediterranean climate, which is characterized by wet winters and hot, dry summers. The city's climate is slightly colder and windier than in Yalta. The resort is famous for its abundance of sun and warm sea. The sea warms up to 27 °C in summer. In winter, the water temperature rarely drops below 7-8 °C.

Alushta

How to get around the city?

You can move around the center of Alushta on foot , since it is quite small and compact. If the property is rented far from the beaches, then you can use public transport.

It is quite convenient to move both around the city and beyond it by trolleybuses and minibuses .

Or by rented car , if you value your comfort and want to explore the most non-tourist places on the coast.

The trolleybus line connecting Alushta with Simferopol and Yalta has been in operation since 1959. This type of transport can be reached to Alushta from Simferopol airport (trolleybus No. 54), from Simferopol (No. 51), Yalta (No. 53) and nearby villages (No. 59 from Zaprudny, No. 1 from Verkhnyaya Kutuzovka).

For those who are not used to public transport, taxi .

Advice! In order for a taxi ride to be truly comfortable and the price to be reasonable, it is best to order a taxi by phone , ignoring private cab drivers offering their services to tourists on the city streets.

Story

The foundation of Alushta is considered to be the 6th century, when the Byzantine Emperor Justinian ordered the construction of the Aluston fortress here. After Byzantine rule, the settlement was part of the Khazar Khaganate and the small principality of Theodoro. In the late Middle Ages, the Genoese settled here.

Alushta

Then Alushta, like the entire southern coast of Crimea, was conquered by the Ottomans. At the end of the 18th century, the Crimean peninsula was annexed to the Russian Empire, and Alushta became the center of the volost. At the end of the 19th century, the settlement began to develop as a resort. In 1902, Alushta received city status.

Prices for hotels and the private sector

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The population of Alushta is over 29,800 people. According to the 2014 census, about 20,000 Russians, more than 4,600 Ukrainians, about 800 Crimean Tatars, as well as Belarusians, Tatars, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, etc. live in Alushta.

The largest administrative region of Crimea is Bolshaya Alushta , the total area of which is 600 km2, which includes Alushta and the nearest villages.

The city itself does not have an administrative district division, since it is very small. Only the Professor's Corner , which is essentially a resort area, is considered a separate area. Housing in it is represented mainly by the private sector.

The division of Alushta into districts is unofficial . Local residents highlight such residential parts of the city as the center, the Mirny microdistrict, Yaltinskaya, Sudakskaya, Oktyabrskaya and 60 let USSR streets.

Oktyabrskaya Street is mainly built up with nine-story buildings from the nineties; on Yaltinskaya and 60 Let USSR Street there are both five-story buildings and high-rise buildings. The private sector is adjacent to high-rise buildings on Sudakskaya Street.
The Mirny microdistrict is the most remote part of the city, where there are a large number of new buildings. Cheryomushki is characterized by old post-war housing stock.
The center conventionally includes the central part of Lenin Street with the areas adjacent to the embankment, Simferopolskaya Street and the hospital area. The buildings here are usually old, but there are also new business-class buildings. Housing here is the most expensive.

Attractions

Ruins of the Byzantine fortress Aluston
The Aluston fortress is one of the main attractions of Alushta. It was built in the 6th century by order of Justinian and was considered one of the most powerful fortifications of the Byzantines on the Black Sea. The fortress was built on the top of a 44-meter hill and had the shape of an irregular quadrangle. Fragments of walls and one of the three towers, called the Lower Tower and shown in the photo above, have survived to this day.

Funa

Funa is the ruins of a medieval fortress from the 15th century at the foot of the South Demerdzhi Mountains. The fortress was built by the Principality of Theodoro and was its eastern gate.

Rotunda on the Alushta embankment

The embankment is traditionally one of the most popular places in resorts. The Alushta embankment stretches along the sea almost through the entire city. It is crowned by a snow-white rotunda with six Corinthian columns, built in 1951.

Palace of Princess Gagarina

The Palace of Princess Gagarina is a beautiful building in the neo-Romanesque style, built at the beginning of the 20th century.

Church of Theodore Stratilates

The Church of Fyodor Stratelates in Alushta has a three-century history. The temple is a beautiful historical building with elements of Russian style, English architecture and Gothic. On the facade there is a mosaic figure of a saint - the patron saint of warriors.

Mosque

The Yukhari-Jami Mosque in Alushta was built in the 19th century and has one minaret.

Valley of Ghosts

The Valley of Ghosts is a picturesque natural landscape at the southern foot of the Demerdzhi Mountains. Known for its beautiful, bizarrely shaped mountains and mysterious atmosphere.

Kosmo-Damianovsky Monastery

The Kosmo-Damianovsky Monastery was founded in 1856 on the territory of the Crimean Nature Reserve. This is the highest mountain monastery in Crimea.

Other interesting places in Alushta:

An aquarium with inhabitants of the Black and Azov Seas, as well as exotic fish and reptiles.
Sotera Valley with rocks reminiscent of Cappadocia.
The picturesque Mount Kastel (439 m) on the outskirts of Alushta.
The picturesque Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on the sea coast near the village of Malorechenskoye.
Demerdzhi is a picturesque mountain range.
Park "Crimea in miniature"
Ayu-Dag is a picturesque peak between Yalta and Alushta

Beach holiday in Alushta

Alushta is one of the favorite beach resorts on the southern coast of Crimea. Its coastline stretches over an impressive 80 kilometers of sand and pebbles - as you can see, everyone will find a pleasant spot in the sun here.

The climate of Alushta deserves special compliments. Warm and sunny, but not too dry, thanks to two mountain passes surrounding the resort. Air circulation makes Alushta's climate fresh and even healing; it will appeal to those travelers who cannot tolerate high humidity and heat.

The beaches of Alushta are very different: well-maintained, completely wild, located in the city center, or accessible only by car. Our guide will help you understand them.

Central Beach

As a rule, vacationers’ acquaintance with beach holidays in Alushta begins with the central beach, here it is called “Tender Beach”. This is a favorite vacation spot for both resort guests and Alushta residents themselves.

Beach "Tender Beach"

Its main asset is its location. The beach is located at the epicenter of resort life, a stone's throw from the embankment and the symbol of the city, the snow-white Rotunda.

Like most beaches in Alushta, the central beach is pebble, or sand and pebbles. There are sharp rocks, so be careful. Also pay attention to the entrance to the water - the depth begins quite abruptly.

In terms of infrastructure, the beach has everything you might need for a great holiday. Rental of umbrellas and sun loungers, showers, changing cabins, WC, sun canopies and thatched awnings.

Fans of active recreation won't have to just lie on a sun lounger. You can rent a boat and take a short sea voyage. Ride a banana boat, boats, catamarans, jet skis, and children can go down one of the inflatable water slides.

Not far from the beach there is a lot of entertainment - amusement parks, the Crimea in Miniature Museum, the Alushta Aquarium. Also near the beach there are many restaurants, cafes, counters with souvenirs and excursions, and shops with essential goods.

Beach at the embankment

Walking along the main promenade of Alushta, you cannot miss this beach - a continuation of the central one. Its difference is the breakwaters that divide the beach into separate sections. The beach is narrow, it can barely accommodate 3-4 rows of tightly packed sun loungers. If you want to sunbathe on them, it is better to reserve a place in advance, early in the morning. During the hot period of July and August there are too many people on the beach - keep this in mind.

The beach line is pebbly, there are quite sharp stones. For a comfortable stay, experienced travelers recommend purchasing special aquashoes. You can buy them at one of the kiosks on the embankment - as well as a water mattress, towels, water, and sunscreen.

The resort beach infrastructure is excellent: changing cabins, showers, toilet rooms, shade canopies, and rental of beach equipment are available. According to reviews from vacationers, the services are quite inexpensive. Active vacationers are offered a variety of attractions: riding a catamaran, jet ski, banana boat, parachute.

Nearby there are cafes and eateries for every taste and budget - you definitely won’t go hungry. A stone's throw from the beach is the popular Gorky Street, where it is interesting to stroll both during the day and in the evening.

Beaches of the Professor's Corner

Anyone looking for solitude and peace on vacation should go to the western part of the city - the so-called Professor's Corner. Its nature and beaches have been known and loved by vacationers since the beginning of the last century.

Beaches of the Professor's Corner

The total length of the beaches is about 2.5 kilometers, width - from 10 to 40 meters. The beaches are sand and pebble, with a convenient gentle entrance into the water. They are especially loved by families with children for their clean coastline and pleasant environment.

Please note: some beaches are free and public, others are the property of sanatoriums and recreation centers. However, the beach infrastructure is excellent in any case.

The Professor's Corner embankment is beautiful and modern, with recreation areas, benches, cafes and snack bars. There are children's play areas, attractions, and entertainment for vacationers of any age.

On the beaches you will find changing cabins, showers, toilets, and rental of umbrellas and sun loungers. The popular Almond Grove water park is located nearby.

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Guest houses and resorts

So, for example, guests of “ Volna ” will have to walk no more than 5 minutes to Sovetskaya Square, and the road to the Central Beach will take the same amount. And from the windows of the rooms of the Victoria you can even admire the expanses of the sea. In addition, it is famous for its excellent barbecue area - with gazebos and barbecues. But still, there is something in Alushta that reminds of the distant Soviet past - these are numerous sanatoriums, located mostly in the Professor's Corner. It should be noted that there are few who lingered in that era - most of them have long been repaired and updated. For example, Alushtinskiy Health Resort is in no way inferior to any four-star hotel in its level of infrastructure development and quality of service. By the way, the legendary Blue Wave and Cliff , which have long become symbols of Alushta, have also been modernized - only the buildings themselves remind of the past.

Parthenite

The village of Partenit is located 15 kilometers from Alushta, at the foot of the Ayu-Dag mountain range.

In the 19th century, the Partenite Valley was known mainly thanks to the Raevsky family - descendants of the hero of the war of 1812 Nikolai Raevsky. His children and grandchildren owned lands in the valley, on which vineyards and extensive orchards were planted. The Raevsky estate “Karasan” with a palace in oriental style has now become the “Karasansky” sanatorium.

The main attraction of Partenit is the wonderful Paradise Park. The botanical garden of the Crimea sanatorium is also good for walking.

Parks of Partenit

The park area at the Aivazovskoye medical and health complex, created in the middle of the last century and updated at the beginning of the 21st century, has become a fairly popular place for excursions. This is a theme park, divided into zones “based on” legends and historical events associated with the southern coast of Crimea. Reconstructions of dolmens of ancient Taurus and Greek sanctuaries stand side by side with sculptures of ancient gods and a monument to Pushkin, who visited Crimea.

In addition, from the territory of “Crimea” there is a passage to the Ayu-Dag reserve - it is from here that the tourist trail begins, along which you can climb to the top of the famous mountain range.

The village began to develop as a resort only in the second half of the 20th century. The Partenite Valley is a zone of high seismicity, and buildings higher than six floors have not been built here for a long time. Only a few decades ago, multi-storey sanatoriums began to appear in the village, built using new technologies and resistant to possible earthquakes.

Partenit is considered a rather prestigious resort due to its picturesque nature, mild climate, and clean air. True, it is convenient for those who stay in sanatoriums, and not in the private sector: the tourist infrastructure here is poorly developed, there is practically no entertainment (except for visiting parks and excursions along the southern coast of Crimea), and the choice of beaches is small.

Beaches of Partenit

Most Partenit beaches belong to hotels and resorts. There are few public beaches.

The wild beaches at the foot of Ayu-Dag are sparsely populated, but getting to them is quite difficult: you need to either rent a boat or overcome a dangerous descent and ascent along the mountain slopes, because there is no other way to the secluded bays of Bear Mountain.

Solnechnogorskoe

A large number of beautiful natural attractions are concentrated around the village.

Solnechnogorskoye is a small village 24 kilometers from Alushta towards Sudak , which is actually united into one resort with the neighboring village of Malorechenskoye . The village is located at the mouth of the Ulu-Uzen Vostochny River . In the past, this settlement was called Kuru-Uzen and mainly Crimean Tatars lived here. After the end of the Great Patriotic War and the deportation of the Tatars, the village was renamed Solnechnogorskoe and residents of the Krasnodar Territory were resettled here.

What to do in Solnechnogorsk

In the vicinity of the village there are many vineyards and gardens; in the settlement itself there is a beach approximately 1.5 kilometers long, covered with pebbles and volcanic sand. The entry into the water is quite gentle, and the water itself is clean and transparent, so the beach is considered convenient for children.

Not far from Solnechnogorsk there is the Khapkhal gorge with the Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall - the deepest waterfall in Crimea, which is interesting to see at any time of the year.

Brief description of Alushta

In terms of tourist infrastructure and beach holidays, Alushta is in many ways similar to other Crimean resorts, however, the climate here is cooler than in other cities and towns on the coast. In addition, Alushta has a number of iconic attractions that will be of interest to curious travelers and tourists who want to diversify their resort leisure time. It is worth noting that the city is quite generous with impressions, and its nearby surroundings are a real “treasury” of picturesque locations with an esoteric past.

Houses of Alushta

There are mountain ranges with infernal caves; centuries-old ruins covered in mystical legends and superstitions; noisy waterfalls that amaze the imagination with their pristine power and unbridled character, as well as much more that will certainly not leave even the most demanding tourist indifferent. An important role in the popularity of Alushta is played by the local warm climate, clean sea water, as well as healthy mountain air, which is filled with the aromas of pine needles and steppe flowers.

The beauty of Alushta

It is not for nothing that the most picturesque areas of the resort belong to spa complexes, where from time to time domestic pop and cultural stars, such as Philip Kirkorov and Larisa Guzeeva, undergo rejuvenating procedures. In addition, Alushta has a fairly large number of sanatoriums intended for ordinary tourists, where you can select treatment and health programs at quite reasonable prices. Also an important factor in the resort’s popularity is the winery located within the city. No matter what anyone says, trying to comprehend the romance of the southern coast of Crimea without a glass of Alushta pinot gris, black Muscat and port wine is simply pointless.

Where can you eat in the city?

The staff of the “Old Town” restaurant is always ready to warmly welcome and provide delicious food to visitors. The establishment has a very interesting and colorful interior. The menu consists of Ukrainian, Russian and Tatar dishes. Food is prepared and served quickly. Almost everyone who comes is served a very original compliment made from lard with the addition of garlic. The price level is average.

You can have a good lunch while admiring the beauty of the mountain gorge at the Lost World restaurant, located near Alushta. Its interior is made in country style, the wooden furniture is very original. The menu is democratic and includes a variety of dishes. After your meal, you can take a walk around the surrounding area or look at the live lioness living in an enclosure next to the establishment. The prices here are quite affordable.

We have already compiled a rating of Alushta catering establishments, and now we will talk about several memorable places near the coast.

One of the best cafes on the coast of Alushta is located just north of the Central City Beach - Villa Vanilla, on Parkovaya, 2. Feedback from numerous visitors calls it a place with hookah, wonderful music and amazing service staff. Phone number for table reservations: +7-978-115-02-03. The average bill here starts from 800 rubles.

The “Beijing” or “Home-style” dining room, which is next to the previous catering establishment, is a much cheaper place, but also very good. In summer, the choice of dishes is simply gorgeous, and the quality of preparation is excellent. But in winter you can’t count on more than pizza and donuts.

Other restaurants and cafes by the sea in Alushta can also be visited. This list includes “Rio”, “Comfort”, “Red Poppy”, “Letto”, “Paris”, “Smak”, “Chaika”, “Aquarius”, “Bounty”, etc. They are not bad, but there are no reviews about them so much, with a lot of negativity.

Accommodation

Hotels

Cost from 30 USD/day

Although there are many hotels, finding a suitable hotel room can sometimes be difficult. Therefore, it is advisable to book a hotel in advance.

What sets Alushta apart from its competitors is that here, in addition to budget accommodation, it is possible to find hotels in the “premium” segment. A holiday at this resort will cost from 30 USD. per day and more (up to 120 USD).

Recommended hotels for accommodation in Alushta:

Park Hotel Porto Mare 4*
Kamelot 4*
Hotel "More" 4*
Hotel "Moscow" 3*
Hotel Nord 3*
Hotel "Demerdzhi" 3*
Barton Park Hotel 3*

Sanatoriums

Cost from 45 USD

Taking into account all the climatic and geographical conditions, Alushta is ideal for organizing sanatorium and resort treatment here. The most popular programs offered in the city’s sanatoriums:

treatment of respiratory diseases
functional disorders of the nervous system
diseases of the cardiovascular system.

In the high season, accommodation and meals in Alushta sanatoriums will cost you from 45 USD. But visiting the beaches, volleyball and basketball courts, children's playgrounds is free, treatment (massage, halotherapy, inhalations, balneotherapy, aromatherapy, physiotherapeutic procedures, etc.) d.) - in a number of sanatoriums they are free, in some - paid.

Alushta, Crimean region

06 Feb2020

Prepared by: Admin. Section: Alushta

Alushta, Crimean region (continued)

Alushta is a city of regional subordination, located on the Black Sea coast, in a vast valley bordered by the mountains Kastel, Babugan, Chatyrdag, Demerdzhi. Two small mountain rivers flow through the city - Ulu-Uzen (Uzen-Bash) and Demerdzhi-Uzen. The distance to Simferopol is 45 km. Population - 23.5 thousand people. The Alushta City Council is subordinate to the Frunzensky Village, Izobilnensky, Luchistovsky, Malomayaksky, Malorechensky and Privetnensky Rural Councils.

About the presence of people here back in the 5th-4th millennium BC. e. This is evidenced by several Neolithic hunting sites discovered in the surrounding mountains. Traces of Bronze Age settlements have been preserved, as well as Taurus settlements and burial grounds of the 9th-6th centuries. BC BC - first centuries AD era.

The first written mention of Alushta dates back to the 6th century. n. e., when southern Crimea was under the rule of the Byzantine Empire. Then, on the territory of the current city, the seaside fortress Aluston was built, protecting the coast from nomads. The population of medieval Aluston was engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding, and fishing. Crafts also developed. Blacksmiths, jewelers, stonemasons, potters, tanners, carpenters, shoemakers, masons lived here. Trade with the Middle East was widespread. The Arab geographer Idrizi mentions Aluston (Shalushta) among the important coastal cities.

In 1239, the Mongol-Tatars destroyed Aluston. In the early 80s of the XIV century. The city was captured by Genoese merchants who settled in Kafe (Feodosia). The legend about the heroic resistance of the inhabitants of Aluston to the invaders has survived to this day. The Genoese troops attacked many times until they captured the city. “Men, women and children,” says the legend, “were all on the fortifications, fighting off the enemies with swords, stakes, axes, boiling tar and oil, pouring them on the besiegers, throwing stones at them.” In Italian notarial acts and on maps of the XV-XVII centuries. Alushta is listed as Alusta, Lusta or Luska.

In 1475, the troops of the Turkish Sultan captured the southern coast of Crimea, including Alushta. For some time it was part of the Sudak Kadylyk, remaining a Christian settlement. Residents of Alushta paid high taxes to the Sultan. In 1757, Alushta was granted to silyakhtar (second-class official) Islam, who brutally exploited the local population. In the middle of the 18th century. there were about 40 dwellings here, built from the remains of the fortress wall and built on the steep slopes of the hill around the ruins of a medieval fortress.

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. Alushta was liberated from Turkish rule. On July 22, 1774, the Turks landed a large landing force off the coast of Alushta. A 7,000-strong detachment of Turks managed to advance towards Chatyrdag and capture the villages of Shumy (now Verkhnyaya Kutuzovka) and Demerdzhi (now Radiant). Russian troops (2850 people) led by Lieutenant General Count Musin-Pushkin were thrown against the landing. The grenadier battalion of the Tula Infantry Regiment, under the command of 29-year-old Lieutenant Colonel M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, was advancing on the village of Shumy. On July 23, during an assault on enemy positions near the village, M. I. Kutuzov was seriously wounded. Despite the stubborn resistance of the enemy and his superior forces, Russian troops defeated the Turks, capturing 2 batteries and 4 banners. At the site where M.I. Kutuzov was wounded, during the construction of the Simferopol-Alushta road in the 20s of the 19th century, a monument-fountain, known as Kutuzovsky, was erected.

In the difficult political situation created after the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi peace, A.V. Suvorov (at that time the commander of Russian troops in Crimea) created fortifications in the Alushta region to prevent a sudden landing of Turkish troops. The commander visited Alushta in April 1777 and May 1778.

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia (1783), Alushta became the center of the volost, which included all the coastal villages from Simeiz in the southwest to Uskut (the village of Privetnoye) in the east. Part of the Alushta lands became the property of Adjutant General Popov. In 1798, there were 48 households in Alushta, with a population of 218 people. The construction of a highway connecting the southern coast of Crimea with Simferopol was of great importance for its economic development. In 1838, the Alushta volost became part of the Yalta district. The population grew in Alushta itself. Large landowner estates arose near the village.

The colorful nature of Crimea and its eventful history attracted writers and scientists here. In 1825, Alushta was visited by the Polish poet A. Mitskevich and A. S. Griboyedov. Its picturesque surroundings made a deep impression on them. “Alushta,” wrote A. Mitskevich, “is one of the most delightful places in Crimea...” He dedicated the sonnets “Alushta by day” and “Alushta by night” to her. In 1837, the poet V. A. Zhukovsky visited here, who in the village of Karabakh (now Bondarenkovo) met the Russian scientist, explorer of the Crimea, academician P. I. Keppen (1793-1864).

In 1864 in Alushta there were 120 households and 763 people. The villagers were state villagers. They lived on lands granted by the royal decree of December 6, 1846 to persons from the former khan's families. Villagers were obliged to fulfill established duties in favor of the owners for the use of their land. According to the regulation of 1870 on the land structure of state-owned villagers, they were given plots of land on the estates where they lived for permanent use, but ownership of the land remained with its owner.

The duties for the use of land were determined by the charter: a tenth of the entire harvest was paid in favor of the landowner and, in addition, a monetary duty or quitrent.

In the post-reform period, the process of class stratification of the rural population accelerates. In 1887, out of 266 village households, where there were 1,172 people, 223 households were poor. 36 had 2-3 heads of draft cattle, 7 large kulak farms had 4 or more horses and oxen. 20 farms kept 25 sheep each; 17 used hired labor. The vast majority of villagers used primitive tools to cultivate the land. In the village there were only six plows and quick-plows, which belonged to the kulaks. 97 households worked on the side.

The main occupation of local residents was viticulture, winemaking, fruit growing, tobacco growing, and the manufacture of primitive agricultural implements. Those owners who owned stagecoaches transported visitors to the resorts of Southern Crimea. Viticulture and tobacco growing brought large incomes to wealthy villagers. In terms of profitability, 15 dessiatines occupied by grain were equivalent to one dessiatine of tobacco, or half a dessiatine of a garden, or a quarter of a dessiatine of a vineyard.

The development of viticulture and processing of agricultural products increased the influx of day laborers to Alushta. By this time, in the village there were 5 fishing and 10 trading establishments, and a customs office. Large landowner wineries of the capitalist type began to grow on the outskirts of Alushta. In 1885, 18 private owners produced 3,064 buckets of red and 6,930 buckets of white wine on their estates. On the estates of Tokmakov and Molotkov (now the central estate of the Alushta wine state farm) up to 150 thousand buckets of wine were produced annually. Landowners bought a lot of wine from the population, processed it, and then sent it to the cities of central Russia and abroad. Using the labor of the poor, migrant workers from Ukraine and Russia, the landowners made enormous capital.

In the second half of the 19th century, with the establishment of a railway connection between Crimea and the central part of Russia, large landowners began to build dachas, houses for visitors, and restaurants in Alushta. At the end of the 19th century. Alushta is becoming a climatic resort.

From 1897 to 1902, the population of Alushta grew from 2,200 to 2,800 people. In 1902, Alushta was transformed into a provincial town. But this did not change her appearance. Narrow, crooked streets crammed along the steep slopes of the Ulu-Uzeni valley. From a distance it seemed that the houses were literally standing on top of each other. The unpaved embankment was buried in clouds of dust. In the evening the city was drowning in darkness. In 1904, the Alushta Resort Improvement Society drew up a plan for improving road facilities, creating squares, new streets and expanding old ones, but the meeting of city public administration commissioners rejected this project due to lack of funds.

The life of the working people of pre-revolutionary Alushta was difficult. Many of them worked for pennies in the gardens and vineyards of surrounding estates, in the construction of palaces and dachas, and in the mining of diorite in Partenit for 12-14 hours a day. The local bourgeoisie exploited seasonal workers especially brutally. They worked from dawn to night, living in damp and dirty sheds. On tobacco plantations in the vicinity of Alushta, the labor of hired workers who came from the southern provinces of Russia and Ukraine was widely used. Among them there were many underage girls. The rich forced them to work 15 or more hours a day. The workers lived in the same sheds where tobacco leaves were processed.

Inhuman working conditions, long working hours and low wages - all this gave rise to workers' dissatisfaction with the existing order. Political work among them on the eve of the revolution of 1905-1907. carried out by revolutionary workers V. Kushnirov, A. Kuzmenko and others.

In 1903, a Social Democratic group arose in Alushta, which launched propaganda work among the workers of the surrounding estates. A Sunday literacy club was created at the Romanovna estate, where Social Democrats taught workers reading, writing, arithmetic, held political discussions and readings of illegal literature. The worker T. G. Baglikov kept revolutionary literature (proclamations, leaflets, brochures, etc.) published by the Yalta Committee of the RSDLP. Social Democrats distributed it among the residents of Alushta. When the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 began, anti-war proclamations appeared in the city, explaining the imperialist nature of the war.

The news of “Bloody Sunday” of 1905 in Petrograd reached the Alushta residents. To help the workers of the Putilov plant, local youth collected 215 rubles. In the summer of that year, anti-government leaflets and proclamations often appeared on the walls of houses, in mailboxes and even on the tables of the city's post and telegraph office. In February 1906, the so-called a workers' club that regularly held meetings and rallies of workers on landowner estates. So, at a meeting held outside the city on April 16, workers discussed how to establish an 8-hour working day. On April 27, 1906, on the opening day of the first State Duma, more than 300 city workers took part in the funeral of one revolutionary. This funeral turned into a demonstration of protest against the arbitrariness of the authorities. A red banner with mourning ribbons fluttered over the coffin, workers and students sang the song “You fell a victim in the fatal struggle,” made revolutionary speeches, laid wreaths with the inscriptions: “From the workers to the freedom fighter,” “From the students to the victim of tyranny.” In the May days of 1906, more than 100 Alushta residents gathered in the cemetery grove. With the red banner unfurled, they headed to the northwestern outskirts of the city - Syrt, where they were joined by new groups of workers. The daily legal Bolshevik newspaper “Svetoch” (No. 5,

May 17, 1906), published in Moscow.

On October 26 of the same year, by a special decree of the Senate, the Yalta district was declared under a state of emergency protection. The Social Democratic group was crushed. V. Kushnirov and A. Kuzmenko, who were arrested then, died in prison. T. G. Baglikov and many others were expelled by the police outside the district.

After the defeat of the revolution of 1905-1907. The situation of Alushta workers worsened. In 1915, 363 peasant and rural households owned 309 dessiatines of convenient and 2,095 dessiatines of inconvenient land. About 570 acres (that is, more than 60 percent) of convenient land belonged to 93 landowners and kulaks. Farm laborers worked on this land - villagers, small tenants and hundreds of farm laborers who came here to work from Ukraine and southern Russia.

By the beginning of 1914, the population of Alushta was 5.8 thousand people. Only 127 residents had the right to vote in elections to the city public administration, which began functioning in 1903.

There were 532 stone houses in the city, including 378 residential, 2 large and 50 small hotels, a lodging house with 200 beds, and 32 taverns. The total length of the city's streets and alleys in 1910 was 7.5 km, paved ones - 0.5 km. The streets were illuminated by kerosene lanterns. Residents of Alushta took water from wells or rivers, and more from water carriers, who transported it in barrels around the city. Communication with Simferopol and Yalta was carried out using stagecoaches and carts covered with tarpaulin. In the summer, low-speed steamboats "Gurzuf" and "Alushta" plied between the southern coastal settlements. Holidaymakers came to the city every year.

The lack of running water and sewerage and the general unsanitary condition of the city caused frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases. The zemstvo hospital with 18 beds, staffed by a doctor, a paramedic and a midwife, could not serve the entire population. True, there were 8 more private doctors, 3 paramedics, a midwife and 3 dentists in the city, but only the wealthy used their services. In 1913, 2,400 rubles were allocated for health care, and 900 rubles, or 2.4 percent, for public education. city budget. In 1887, there were only 194 literate people in Alushta. The school, opened in 1861, was attended by 112 children. At the beginning of the 20th century. In the city there were 2 elementary schools (zemstvo and parish), where 145 students studied, in 1914 - 4 elementary schools (with 397 students and 11 teachers). In 1910, there were 2 libraries and 5 reading rooms.

Alushta late XIX - early XX centuries. Many famous Russian and Ukrainian writers and public figures visited. V. G. Korolenko and A. M. Gorky visited here. In 1896, in the city and surrounding villages, the Ukrainian writer M. M. Kotsyubinsky worked for four and a half months in the commission to combat phylloxera, who was at that time under the secret supervision of the police “due to political unreliability.” The notes made by the writer about the morals and customs of the local population, about the Alushta landscape, were reflected in his Crimean short stories. In the summer of 1906, young K. G. Paustovsky lived in Alushta for several months, who later created vivid pictures of local life in the story “Fever.” In September-October of the same year, the writer A. I. Kuprin wrote the story “On the Wood Grouses” here. The creative activity of the Russian Soviet writer S. N. Sergeev-Tsensky is inextricably linked with Alushta. In 1886, the Russian scientist N.A. Golovkinsky arrived here, leaving the post of rector of Novorossiysk (Odessa) University due to the introduction of a reactionary university charter. Working as the chief hydrologist in Crimea, he studied the water regime of the peninsula, was interested in the history of Crimea, the development of viticulture and winemaking. In 1894 he published one of the first guidebooks to Crimea. The first female doctor in Russia, N.P. Suslova-Golubeva (1843-1918), lived in the village of Lazurny for more than 25 years. Together with her husband, professor of microbiology A.E. Golubev, she did a lot to improve medical and sanitary services for the population.

When it became known about the overthrow of the Tsar in February 1917, the bourgeoisie and dacha owners of the city immediately created a temporary committee of public safety. At the same time, a local committee of the Provisional Muslim Executive Committee of Crimea arose, organized by the nationalist Tatar bourgeois intelligentsia. Elections were held to the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which in the second half of April merged into the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. The absence of an industrial proletariat affected the composition of the Council - it was Socialist-Revolutionary-Menshevik. Only three out of 11 deputies were representatives of workers.

Thanks to the extensive explanatory work carried out among workers and peasants by the Bolsheviks who returned from prison and exile, their influence on the working people increased. In the spring of 1917, trade unions of agricultural workers, diggers, construction workers, etc. arose in Alushta. In April, trade unions, already numbering 800 people, united into the “Union of Workers of Alushta and Its Environs.” The union was headed by the Bolshevik T. G. Baglikov. In June, 8 representatives of the Workers' Union joined the Alushta Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. A consumer workers' cooperative was created. The executive committee of the Workers' Union opened a teahouse, a canteen for workers, as well as an overnight shelter for visitors, and provided financial assistance to trade union members. The executive committee of the “Union” sent representatives from the workers to the food committee under the city government for the purpose of control. An 8-hour working day was established for workers on surrounding estates.

The workers of Alushta joyfully greeted the news of the October armed uprising in Petrograd. The Bolsheviks launched an active struggle against the Millifirkaites, who conducted nationalist agitation and propaganda aimed at dividing the revolutionary forces of the working people. In January 1918, detachments of sailors from revolutionary Sevastopol arrived here to assist workers in their fight against the White Guard and the Tatar bourgeois counter-revolution. The workers of Simferopol also provided armed assistance. On January 18, 1918, Soviet power was established in the city. A representative from the Alushta Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies became a member of the regional military-revolutionary committee located in Sevastopol.

At the beginning of March, elections were held to the Alushta Council of Workers', Soldiers' and Villagers' Deputies (M.F. Grin became the chairman). The Council included representatives from the Bolsheviks - T. G. Baglikov, A. A. Frolov, G. M. Kontorovich, M. Plakhotin and others. 13 commissariats were created under the executive committee of the Council. The Labor Commissariat, relying on trade unions, was involved in the employment of the population and controlled the work of workshops and enterprises; food - distributed food, clothing, shoes, kerosene and other essential goods among workers; The military commissariat formed Red Guard detachments.

In April 1918, the volost Council of Peasants and Villagers' Deputies was elected, which confiscated large landowners' holdings. Former farm laborers and land-poor peasants received land plots, and city residents received plots for vegetable gardens. The bourgeoisie was subject to indemnity.

At the beginning of April, the Council of People's Commissars of the Republic of Tavrida allocated 22 thousand rubles to Alushta. for public education expenses. 6 primary schools were opened in the city and surrounding villages. From the end of March, the People's University began operating, organizing lectures for the population and holding discussions on various topics. The Trud printing house printed the Bulletins published by this university. At the end of the same month, a subscription was carried out among the population of the volost for the newspapers “Tavrichesky Sovetskie Izvestia” and “Yalta Commune”.

Counter-revolutionary elements opposed the measures of the people's power and spread anti-Soviet appeals. The Executive Committee of the Council confiscated the appeals and arrested the counter-revolutionaries. In March, with the threat of invasion by the German occupiers, 3 detachments were created and sent to Simferopol, where Red Army formations were formed.

In the second half of April, Tatar bourgeois nationalists and White Guards rebelled in the villages neighboring Alushta. On the night of April 20, they managed to disarm the commanders of the Red Guard detachments S. Zhilinsky and I. Kuleshov, arrest the Labor Commissioner of the Alushta Council T. G. Baglikov and seize power in the city. Having learned about the departure of members of the government of the Republic of Taurida from Yalta, on April 21 the rebels set up an ambush near the village of Biyuk-Lambat (Maly Mayak), captured members of the government and brought them to Alushta. A destroyer with a detachment of revolutionary sailors, and a Red Guard detachment from Yalta were sent against the counter-revolutionaries from Sevastopol. At noon on April 24, a detachment of revolutionary sailors entered Alushta. However, it was not possible to save those arrested; the enemies managed to shoot them near Mount Demerdzhi. The next day, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Republic of Taurida N. G. Slutsky, a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Republic of Taurida, the chairman of the provincial committee of the RSDLP (b) Ya. Yu. Tarvatsky, people's commissars S. P. Novoselsky, A. Kolyadenko, members of the Sevastopol Council Baranov and A. A. Beim, Commissioner of the Alushta Council T. G. Baglikov, commanders of the Red Guard detachments I. Kuleshov and S. Zhilinsky. The seriously wounded People's Commissar of Agriculture S.S. Akimochkin died of his wounds 4 and a half months later. In 1940, a monumental 12-meter obelisk topped with a red star was installed at the mass grave of the victims.

On April 26, 1918, Alushta was occupied by German troops. The invaders restored the power of the landowners and capitalists. With the help of bourgeois nationalists, who became their accomplices, the occupiers took bread, livestock, food, and equipment from the peasants. Residents who resisted were shot. The city government obliged the entire population to pay taxes to the city treasury starting in 1917. In November 1918, the German invaders were replaced by Anglo-French interventionists and White Guards.

On April 10, 1919, Soviet power was restored in Alushta. On April 23, the Alushta volost revolutionary committee and its departments were organized - municipal economy, management, economic and economic, housing, etc. The district party committee was headed by R. G. Chernova, an active participant in the partisan movement and party underground in Ukraine. At the end of May 1919, the party organization united 5 communists and 31 sympathizers.

The volost revolutionary committee, together with the Council of Peasant and Village Deputies, elected in the first half of May 1919, imposed an indemnity on the bourgeoisie and introduced a one-time clothing duty on traders, factory owners, factory owners, owners of workshops and large real estate. Horses, carts, and harnesses were requisitioned from kulak farms. In the Alushta suburb of Popovka, a committee of the poor of 3 people was organized; 4 committees of poor people and 6 cooperatives arose in the Alushta volost. The protection of public order was entrusted to the workers' and peasants' militia organized in April. B. A. Lavrenev, later a famous Soviet writer, was appointed commandant of the city and head of the 4th coastal defense region. On May 25, 1919, by decision of the meeting of the Alushta party organization (in June there were 16 communists and 18 sympathizers), its members began to study military affairs. At the beginning of June, a detachment of volunteers went to fight Denikin. After the capture of Alushta in June 1919 by the White Guards, estates and lands were again returned to the former owners. The population was subjected to robbery and violence. In the summer of 1920, an underground group of communists led by S.M. Serova operated in Alushta, which maintained contact with the Crimean regional party committee. There was a bureau for the formation of partisan detachments, headed by A. M. Brodsky. The Red partisans instilled fear in the White Guards with surprise attacks and kept the highways under control. On November 14, 1920, units of the 52nd Infantry Division of the Red Army, with the help of partisans, liberated Alushta from the White Guards. Before their arrival, a group of communists led by P. M. Oslovsky (Anton) and S. M. Serova, emerging from underground, organized the seizure of a communications center.

On November 16, the first meeting of the newly created Alushta Revolutionary Committee took place, which was headed by a party member since 1902, professional revolutionary I. F. Fedoseev. The revolutionary committee decided to introduce control over the operation of the enterprise at the distillery. On November 17, the Economic Council was organized with departments: food, land, utilities, social security, health care, education, and a subdepartment of public communications. At the same time, in November, the food department of the Alushta Revolutionary Committee started baking bread for the city population and operating a canteen for Red Army soldiers. On November 28, the Alushta organizational bureau of the RCP (b) was created, in the first half of December - the district committee of the RCP (b), the first secretary of which was M. I. Moiseev (now a personal pensioner, corresponding member of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin) . In January 1921, a city party committee was elected.

On December 2, 1920, the composition of the Alushta district revolutionary committee was approved (chairman I.F. Fedoseev), which was subordinate to the Yalta district revolutionary committee. Wonderful parks and buildings on the estates of millionaires Stakheev and Linden were taken under protection. A special commission conducted an accounting of the property of 45 Alushta dachas and hotels. The houses of the bourgeoisie were inhabited by workers who huddled in shacks and basements. The property of White Guard families was also requisitioned and confiscated, and city bakeries were nationalized. Several trade union workers' canteens and free food stations were opened in the city for the hungry population. With the introduction of the card system, the fight against speculation intensified. At one of the dachas a shelter was set up for the elderly and disabled, and for those in dire need - a temporary home. In December 1920, a kindergarten, a “house of future citizens” (nurseries), and two orphanages were opened.

Under the leadership of party and Soviet bodies, the lands and estates of large landowners were nationalized throughout the region. Part of the land was allocated to peasants. At the end of 1920 - beginning of 1921, a branch of Yuzhsovkhoz was created in Alushta, which included 15 of the largest estates.

Counter-revolutionary elements tried to take advantage of the economic difficulties of the recovery period. From the end of 1920 to 1922, Alushta was attacked by gangs consisting of White Guards and Tatar bourgeois nationalists. The fight against banditry was led by the Alushta district committee of the RCP(b). The city had to be defended by a small Red Army detachment (about fifty bayonets), police and special forces units (CHON). Every evening after work, all communists and Komsomol members gathered at the CHON headquarters and then dispersed to night outposts and patrols.

Party and Soviet bodies did a lot of work to rebuild the economy along a socialist basis. Restoring gardening, viticulture, and tobacco growing required enormous efforts. In the spring of 1926, an agronomic, rental and veterinary center, an agricultural credit partnership, 14 small collective farms, and 2 state farms — “Alushta” and “Red Paradise” — were already operating in Alushta. But the majority of peasants were still individual farmers. There were 440 peasant farms in the city. The poor and middle peasants continued to farm on small plots of land, while the kulaks retained plots that significantly exceeded the size of the average labor plot. In addition, the kulaks rented land from the peasant poor, which the Soviet government had allocated to them, since some of the poor had neither living nor dead implements for their cultivation.

Immediately after the liberation of the city from the Wrangelites, on the basis of Lenin’s decree “On the use of Crimea for the treatment of workers,” the organization of the Alushta resort began. By order of the Crimean Revolutionary Committee on December 25, 1920, Alushta, as part of the Yalta region, was designated as a resort area of national importance. As early as November 22, 1920, a list of ten dachas was approved for their transfer to sanatoriums for workers. In addition to the city house "Rest", 2 sanatoriums for 20 and 25 beds opened at the end of November. The dacha, which previously belonged to the Tsarist General Linden, was turned into the first sanatorium under Soviet power for wounded participants in the assault on Perekop. Metal workers became the owners of the palace of the former millionaire Stakheev. In 1923, on the basis of 14 nationalized dachas, a trade union health resort began operating - the Rest House of the Crimean Council of Trade Unions with 800 beds. Since then, the resort suburb of Alushta began to be called the Working Corner. Gradually the city was improved: electric lights were installed on its streets, buildings and pavements were repaired, and the boulevard was built up. In 1925, the restoration of the city power plant was completed. Medical care for the population has improved. In 1925, 2 doctors and 6 nurses worked in the city hospital with 40 beds. There was an outpatient clinic and a pharmacy. The Department of Public Education of the Revolutionary Committee created a network of new institutions of public education and culture. In 1924, there were 3 first-level schools, an orphanage, a club of young pioneers, a city library in the city, and by the end of 1925 there were five schools with 692 students.

In July 1923, the two primary party organizations of the city united 27 members and 7 candidates for membership of the RCP (b). Four Komsomol cells consisted of 46 RKSM members. On the initiative of the district party committee, a single party and inter-union club was created to work with communists and trade union members. There were circles there - workers' correspondence, library, drama, sports, cutting and sewing: there was a library, a reading room, and a Lenin corner. The party and Komsomol cells published a weekly citywide wall newspaper, “Red Lighthouse,” which exposed the hostile actions of Tatar bourgeois nationalists and kulaks.

By the end of 1925, the city's population was 4,541 people.

In conditions of fierce resistance from the kulaks and Tatar bourgeois nationalists, former Millifirkovites, collectivization of agriculture was carried out. By the beginning of 1929, there were three agricultural partnerships in Alushta: credit, tobacco and fruit and vegetable. In November of the same year, in the outskirts of Popovka, which was renamed the village of Ilyichevka, the “Memory of Ilyich” agricultural artel arose. In February-March 1930, kulak families who had waged counter-revolutionary agitation against collective farms were evicted from Alushta. In 1932-1933. The illegal anti-Soviet bourgeois-nationalist group “Secret Society”, which had its center in Alushta, was discovered and liquidated. This organization incited antagonism between the Russian and Tatar populations and incited teachers and students of Tatar schools against Soviet power.

On October 2, 1930, Alushta and its surrounding villages were allocated to a national (with a predominance of the Tatar population) region, uniting 10 village councils (13 villages)1, with a population of 20 thousand people. At that time, 4,800 people lived in the city. The area was classified as a special crop area: 1,300 hectares were allocated for vineyards, 1,000 hectares for tobacco, and 800 hectares for orchards. There were 2 communes and 10 agricultural associations, uniting 1,600 farms. State farms “Alushta” and “Lavanda” (organized in 1930) occupied an area of 1100 hectares. The state provided assistance to new collective farms. On April 1, 1930, three tractors were working in the Alushta bush. The first fishing collective farm “The Way of Socialism” was created in the city (organizer and chairman - V.I. Khromykh), which had 3-engine longboats. There was a credit handicraft partnership. Soon, the city’s artisans united into the trade artels “Own Labor”, “Forest Labor”, “Source”, and the cab drivers and loaders - into the “Guzh-transport” artel.

The Alushta MTS, created in 1933, greatly helped in the organizational and economic strengthening of collective farms. On July 1, 1939, its fleet included 15 tractors and 4 cars, 11 collective farms in the region united 2998 farms. In the city there were the central offices of the grape-growing and wine-making state farm "Alushta", which had 175 hectares of vineyards, about 50 hectares of gardens, and an essential oil state farm. The Alushta state farm employed 486 workers, had 6 tractors and 9 cars, and a power plant that served some of the city’s houses. The state farm employed 250 workers and had 8 cars.

In the socialist competition that unfolded between the Alushta region of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Bolshebelozersk region of the Zaporozhye region, the Alushta state farm in 1940 achieved a grape harvest of 36 centners per hectare. There were 133 Stakhanovites and 66 shock workers on the state farm, among them the foremen of the wine-growing brigades, the communists P. P. Skoda and M. A. Medzhitova, and the winegrower N. D. Moroz.

In 1938, there were 20 state-owned enterprises in the area, most of which were located in Alushta: shoe and sewing workshops, a soft drink factory, a bakery, a repair office, metalworking workshops, a printing house, a power plant, a water pumping station, etc. 316 workers worked at the city’s enterprises. 308 people were employed in 7 fishing cooperatives. There were 7 catering establishments. In 1940, an industrial plant was founded.

At the same time, a lot of work was carried out on the further development and reconstruction of the resort facilities. According to data as of June 1, 1934, in the Alushta region there were 17 resort institutions - sanatoriums, boarding houses and holiday homes with 4518 beds. In subsequent years, new health resorts were built: sanatoriums "Communist" (press workers of Ukraine), "Red Krivoy Rog", named after. M. Gorky, mother and child sanatorium "Medsantrud", rest home "Metro", teachers of Ukraine, command staff of the Kharkov Military District, People's Commissariat of the Food Industry of the RSFSR. In 1940, over 38 thousand workers and their children rested and were treated in all twenty health resorts of the Alushta region (in 1913, about 3,500 vacationers came to Alushta). There were 26 doctors working in health resorts located in the city.

Over five thousand tourists visited Alushta every year. Almost all Crimean routes intertwined here. In 1934, the largest tourist base of the Society of Proletarian Tourism and Excursions opened in Crimea, which was later transformed into the Tourist House of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions. The Crimean State Nature Reserve, established on July 30, 1923, became a favorite place for hiking and exciting excursions. V.V. Kuibysheva (now a hunting reserve). Its director was A.V. Mokrousov, a hero of the civil war, a former commander of the Crimean partisans.

Every year the city improved. If in 1926 only electric lights were lit on the Alushta embankment, then in 1928-1932. sanatoriums and holiday homes, local industrial enterprises, and residential buildings received electricity. The road to the Workers' Corner and the embankment were paved, and some streets were lined with stone paving stones. The problem of the city's water supply was successfully resolved - in 1928, construction of the first stage of the water supply system was completed. In the second five-year plan, the Alushta-Simferopol highway was improved and paved, Lenin Street was paved, and a bus station was built on the embankment. In the summer, small passenger ships plied between Alushta and Yalta.

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Alushta, Crimean region (continued)