Krasnoufimsk: sights and weekend route

Visit the bear and falcon

After searching for the border of the Urals and Siberia, a team of local historians and photographers headed in the opposite direction - to the West, almost to the border with the Perm Territory. The point of attraction this time was the city of Krasnoufimsk . I, Nadezhda Burlakova , a lover of history and architecture, strove for the monuments of Cossack antiquity and the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral , and Dmitry Elizarov , a photographer and journalist, went to the viaducts, which many people had heard about, but few had seen.
This time our plan involves 10 checkpoints: from the first Cossack hut to the railway tracks in the air (I’m talking about viaducts, if anything).

By the way, there are many more interesting places in Krasnoufimsk than in our plan. For example, the local history museum boasts a huge collection of teeth from prehistoric sharks (fossils are still found near the city), and the Krasnoufimsk Zemstvo Hospital museum conducts tours of five surviving 19th-century buildings with stories about the development of healthcare in Krasnoufimsk there is a similar museum in Russia only in Elabuga ). But we were in the city on Sunday, and this day, alas, is a day off for local museums.

In addition, in the context of a one-day trip, a full combination of a walk through the historical places of the city, museums and a trip to nature is practically incompatible even in the summer, when daylight hours add at least 3 hours to the timing. If your task is maximum, then plan your trip for two days. One day - the city and museums, the second - Alikaev Stone , viaducts and hills within Krasnoufimsk . There are definitely hotels in the city, and if you are a fan of camping, then your options are generally unlimited.

The journey begins, the local historian gets the city again, the naturalist leaves for the viaducts.

Go!

To the holy places of the Urals

Shrines: a revered list of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, the Relics of the Hieromartyrs Alexy, Leo and Alexander, the shackles of the boyar Romanov. Icon of the Mother of God Bogolyubskaya

The material is presented by Tour Dir.

Krasnoufimskaya fortress

If there is a city in the Sverdlovsk region that could lay claim to the role of the capital of the Cossacks, then for almost a hundred years Krasnoufimsk was such; from the very foundation until 1825, the Cossacks here were the main social force, and the city with their hands performed its main role at that time - defended the Ural factories from the restless Bashkirs, who, God forbid, would burn these factories, depriving Russia of its stronghold.

Beautiful surroundings with numerous hills distinguish the city of Krasnoufimsk. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

Father founder of Krasnoufimsk

Every city has its own founder, but not in all cases he is known. In Krasnoufimsk, this is the rather colorful Colonel (later Major General) Kutlu-Mukhammed (Alexey Ivanovich) Tevkelev. This man proved himself to be an energetic military man, a capable diplomat and administrator. In the southern Urals, he founded several fortresses, which later turned into cities, among which the most famous are Chelyabinsk and Orenburg, and the first, like Krasnoufimsk, was founded in 1736, and what’s also interesting is that both officially received city status in 1781 (such Krasnoufimsk has brothers). Before that, Tevkelev served as a translator under Peter the Great himself during his Prut and Persian campaigns. In 1731, he headed the most important mission to the Junior Zhuz, after which Kazakhstan began to join Russia.

The outskirts of Krasnoufimsk from the hill of the Sarsinsky monastery. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

In the spring of 1734, Tevkelev chose a place on the road from the Bashkir lands towards the Ural factories and Yekaterinburg. He fell in love with a hill in the valley of the Ufa River - Krasny Yar, on which a wooden fortress was built in 1736. The word “red,” that is, beautiful, was preserved in the name of the city, but “yar” was eventually replaced by the name of the Ufa River. From that time, in the Krasnoufimsk fortress until 1825 there was a Cossack garrison, which throughout the 18th century was engaged in the main task for Krasnoufimsk - the protection of the Ural factories. He performed his service well, there were cases and repelled attacks, but at the most crucial moment he really let him down...

The rebellion of Pugachev, Salavat Yulaev and Pushkin

During the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev, when many dissatisfied Bashkirs joined the ranks of the rebels, the Krasnoufima Cossacks not only did not stand in the way of the rebels, but supported and joined their ranks. Among all the cities of the Sverdlovsk region, Krasnoufimsk, like no other city, is more closely connected with the history of the uprising, having become the main support of the rebels in the Middle Urals. Another interesting thing: Krasnoufimsk was set up to protect the Ural factories from possible attacks by the Bashkirs, but today in this city there is a monument to the most famous Bashkir troublemaker, the famous Salavat Yulaev, on the spot where, during one of his stays in Krasnoufimsk, the Bashkir hero established his yurt.

Monument to Salavat Yulaev in Krasnoufimsk. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

The first time Salavat Yulaev found himself in Krasnoufimsk was at the end of 1773, when the gates of the Krasnoufimsk fortress were opened in front of his army, and its garrison went over to the side of the rebels. In Krasnoufimsk, Salavat liquidated the voivodeship and formed his own field office, a new governing body. Makar Popov was appointed ataman of the Krasnoufima Cossacks, but the main affairs of the office were led by Captain Matvey Chigvintsev, after whom one of the surrounding villages was named. In the difficult February days of 1774 for the rebels, when Krasnoufimsk was threatened by government forces, Chigvintsev actively corresponded with another famous hero of the Pugachevites, Ataman Ivan Beloborodov, asking him for help, help came, but too little. A detachment of Second Major D. Gagarin captured the fortress on February 19, 1774. The arrested Matvey Chigvintsev was hanged in Kungur in November of the same year, and Salavat Yulaev was flogged before his death in those fortresses where he showed the greatest activity: out of 175 blows, he received 25 blows of the whip in Krasnoufimsk.

In June 1774, Krasnoufimsk again came under the control of the rebels, this time Pugachev himself entered the fortress, spent the night here, and in the then wooden Trinity Church, a prayer service was served for his health in front of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God, sacred to the residents of Krasnoufimsk.

A. S. Pushkin was very interested in the topic of the Pugachev uprising. The scope of work on “Dubrovsky” did not allow the topic to be described at the proper level. Therefore, in the 1830s, Pushkin worked on “The Captain’s Daughter” and “The History of Pugachev.” In these works, Pushkin could not ignore Krasnoufimsk; he mentions this city 6 times in his works. Thus, in the Sverdlovsk region, thanks to its role in the uprising, Krasnoufimsk is the most Pushkin city!

Today, many local names remind of those times: the city streets of Emelyan Pugachev and Salavat Yulaev, the surrounding mountains Atamanovskaya and Karaulnaya and others.

The end of the Cossack period of history

After the suppression of the Pugachev uprising, the rebellious part of the Bashkirs was finally pacified, the need for the Krasnoufimsk fortress increasingly lost its significance. In 1781, Krasnoufimsk received the status of a city, since then it has developed as an agricultural center (the surrounding lands were fertile) and a trade center on the Ufa River. The Cossacks were increasingly losing their importance. In 1810, the government came up with the idea of ​​a new route for exporting Iletsk salt from the southern Urals to the banks of the Volga; this route needed outposts from the raids of the “Kyrgyz”. To implement this plan, in 1818 it was proposed to transfer the Krasnoufima Cossacks to the Novoiletskaya line. After this there followed a long bureaucratic work, protests of the Cossacks, but in the mid-1820s the Krasnoufimskaya village ceased to exist, the Krasnoufimskaya Cossacks found their new residence and new tasks.

Cossack hut and chapel of Joseph the Songsinger

In memory of the first Cossack period in the history of Krasnoufimsk, one of the Cossack huts (Gorbunova, 35) has been preserved in the city since the 18th century. It is located at the entrance to the city from the Perm Highway; when entering the city you need to go left from the main Achitskaya street. The hut, made up of six massive crowns, is located near the steep bank of Ufa and is considered the oldest building in the city, which dates back to the mid-18th century. An observation window and loopholes have been preserved in the wall.

Chapel of Joseph the Songsinger at the beginning of the 20th century

Another attraction associated with the Krasnoufimskaya fortress is Kamushek with a “watchtower”. If we move from the Cossack hut near the riverbed to the city center, we will follow the unpreserved fortress walls and at the end of Proletarskaya Street we will find ourselves at the very Kamushka where this tower was once located (legends connect this place with the one who was in thought here on a June evening in 1774 year Emelyan Pugachev).

Krasnoufimsk: Chapel of Joseph the Songwriter (Songwriter). Photo by Alexey Rychkov

Already at the end of the 19th century, only ruins remained from the tower. It was then that, at the expense of the merchant Kropaneva, a chapel was built and consecrated on this site in the name of Joseph the Songsinger with a request to the Lord to free her husband and sons from the harmful habit of drinking wine. The main shrine of the chapel was the “Inexhaustible Chalice” icon.

Krasnoufimsk: Chapel of Joseph the Songwriter (Songwriter). Photo by Alexey Rychkov

During the Soviet years, the chapel was destroyed and again restored using old photographs in our time. From Kamushka from the chapel there is a beautiful view of the bend of Ufa.

Holy Trinity Cathedral in Krasnoufimsk

But the main monument of the Cossack period of Krasnoufimsky history is the Holy Trinity Cathedral, built back in 1804 using elements of the then outgoing Baroque and new classical style. This combination during the construction of temples in the Middle Urals was popular for about half a century. The Krasnoufimsky Church is one of the best examples of this architectural trend. The temple was famous for its bell ringing, which contemporaries compared with the ringing of the famous Belfry of Rostov the Great.

Holy Trinity Cathedral in Krasnoufimsk at the beginning of the 20th century

In 1935, the rector of the temple, S.I. Lukanin, was arrested, after which the temple was closed, and everything inside began to be destroyed. Before this, the 13-year-old son of the arrested priest was allowed to take what icons, books, and utensils he could to transfer to the Innocent Church. Thanks to the boy, dozens of icons were saved, including especially revered ones, among them the sacred symbol of the city - the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. Later, various secular institutions operated in the building of the closed church. The cathedral building suffered greatly from this. And despite the fact that the temple was consecrated again in 2001, its former appearance has not yet been restored.

Holy Trinity Cathedral today and the cross on the site where the relics of the Krasnoufima holy martyrs were found

In 2002, the relics of the holy martyrs who were brutally murdered in 1918 were discovered: the rector of the cathedral, Archpriest Alexy (Budrin) and priests Lev (Ershov) and Alexander (Malinovsky). At the place where they were found, near the temple, a stone cross was erected. And the relics of the holy martyrs now reside within the walls of the cathedral.

The city of Krasnoufimsk from 1825 to 1917

At the end of the Cossack period of its history, Krasnoufimsk developed as an agricultural, craft and trade center. The introduction of zemstvo self-government in the city since 1870 played a big role in the development of education, medicine, and culture.

In the historical center of Krasnoufimsk

It can be said that among the Central Ural cities, in the appearance of Krasnoufimsk, the beneficial influence of the zemstvo is best captured. It was from this period until the revolution of 1917 that the appearance of the historical center of the city was mainly formed, which has been well preserved to this day around the Holy Trinity Cathedral. Moreover, in Krasnoufimsk you can see the entire range of public buildings of those years.

Station building in Krasnoufimsk

A little away from the historical center of the city there is a railway station building, built according to the design of the famous architect A.V. Shchusev in 1915. Everyone who arrives in the city by train is greeted by this beautiful building, designed in the Peter the Great Baroque style.

Krasnoufimsk Zemstvo Hospital

One of the rare and therefore interesting monuments is the old zemstvo hospital with a park next to it (Svobody, 16). On its basis, since 1988, the Krasnoufimsk Zemstvo Hospital museum has been operating (you will not find this in any provincial city in the Middle Urals). Nearby is an example of an industrial establishment of those years - the building of a winery (Mizerova, 66) of the famous industrialists of the Urals, and throughout Russia, the Poklevsky-Kozells.

Shopping arcades

Even further, around the Holy Trinity Cathedral, there are several well-preserved sights. The two-story building of the zemstvo government (Internationalnaya, 107) is a typical administrative building of those years, made in the eclectic style. The Treasury building is nearby. The shopping arcades (Kuibysheva, 3), the building of the former women's gymnasium (Sovetskaya, 2), and the industrial school (Lenina, 79) are well preserved in Krasnoufimsk.

Prison Castle

Next to the gymnasium building is another ancient building - the structure of a former prison castle associated with the famous elder Fyodor Kuzmich.

Krasnoufimsk prison: Elder Fyodor Kuzmich and other saints

Near the Trinity Cathedral, at the very beginning of Sovetskaya Street, there is a Prison Castle associated with the name of the holy elder Fyodor Kuzmich (canonized in 1984), who was here on charges of vagrancy, awaiting his sentence.

Elder Fyodor Kuzmich and Alexander I: the same person?

Many people associated and associate this elder with Emperor Alexander I, who in 1825 did not die, but left worldly life, beginning a pilgrimage. In 1836, Fyodor Kuzmich was identified in history for the first time: an old man was detained for vagrancy, placed in the Krasnoufimsky prison castle, and then a sentence was announced - 20 lashes and exile to Siberia. The image of the elder Fyodor Kuzmich had a certain influence on Russian literature of the 19th century: for example, a similar plot of renunciation of the world was embodied in several works of L. N. Tolstoy - “Father Sergius”, “Notes of a Madman”, “The Living Corpse”, the departure of Tolstoy himself to At the end of his life from Krasnaya Polyana he implemented this model of behavior.

Moments of the martyrdom of the Krasnoufimsk holy martyrs Lev and Alexander are associated with the Krasnoufimsk prison. On one of the summer Sundays of the tragic year 1918, during a service, Red Army soldiers burst into the Trinity Church and opened indiscriminate fire. They walked to the altar, pushing aside the parishioners. Priest Lev Ershov calmly and courageously completed the last Liturgy of his life and, after the parishioners venerated the holy cross, went to the exit. On the porch, Priest Lev saw a priest from the Verkh-Suksun village, Alexander Malinovsky, surrounded by Red Army soldiers. Both priests were imprisoned in the Krasnoufima prison.

In the dead of night, the mutilated priests Leo and Alexander, doomed to martyrdom, were mockingly entangled in barbed wire. They were led out through the prison yard and out of the gate. The priests were taken on a cart to the slope of Melnichnaya Mountain near the Sargi River, where they were shot.

Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Krasnoufimsk

Just as for Nevyansk its main symbol is the inclined tower, so for Krasnoufimsk it is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral or the Red Church (as the locals call the temple for the brick color of its walls).

Krasnoufimsk: Alexander Nevsky Cathedral early in the morning. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

The cathedral was consecrated in 1917, as if drawing a line in the formation of the architectural ensemble of old Krasnoufimsk. The temple, built in the Russian style popular at the beginning of the last century, is distinguished by a large number of architectural details and patterns. The temple was built according to the design of the famous Perm architect Dmitry Ryabov, who donated his project to the city. The authorship of this architect belongs to more than a dozen buildings in St. Petersburg, including the house of the famous opera singer F. I. Chaliapin, which now houses the Chaliapin Museum. The cathedral was erected in memory of Emperor Alexander II and consecrated in honor of the heavenly patron of the Tsar, Saint Prince Alexander Nevsky.

Krasnoufimsk: Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

These names seem to personify two pre-revolutionary periods in the history of Krasnoufimsk - the first, Cossack (Alexander Nevsky, patron saint of the Cossacks), when the Krasnoufimsk fortress played an important role in the stability of the Ural region and the second - zemsky, when at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, under the influence of Alexander’s reforms II, zemstvo self-government, exemplary for the Urals, appears in the city, under the influence of which education, medicine, culture are developing in Krasnoufimsk, and numerous buildings are being built that decorate the city center.

Krasnoufimsk: Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. Photo by Alexey Rychkov

In 1935, the cathedral was closed and looted; it was saved from major destruction by its placement in the building of a local history museum - probably the most gentle option for a desecrated church. In 1997, the temple was returned to believers, and services there resumed in 1999.

The shackles of Boyar Romanov

In the local history museum, at Sovetskaya, 42, among many antiques, the shackles of boyar Mikhail Nikitich Romanov, uncle of the first Russian Tsar from the Romanov dynasty, are kept. The fact is that Tsar Boris Godunov, fearing representatives of this dynasty, tried to bring them all to the grave. Mikhail Nikitich was actually killed in 1602 in a pit unsuitable for life in the far northern Nyrob. Since then, among believers, these shackles have been revered as the shackles of a martyr. Pilgrims came in hundreds to Nyrob from far away to touch them.

The shackles of boyar Mikhail Romanov in the Krasnoufimsky Museum of Local Lore

At the beginning of the 19th century, V.N. Prokofiev, an expert on the history of the Perm land, with the permission of his superiors, took part of these shackles to make copies. But apparently it was the copies that he returned to Nyrob. And some of the real shackles ended up in his collection. Next, these shackles are inherited, and then sold to V. Golubtsov, the owner of an estate in the village of Aleksandrovskoye, Krasnoufimsky district. After the revolution, when the Golubtsovs’ property was nationalized, the shackles of the boyar Romanov were placed in the Krasnoufimsky Museum.

Innokentievskaya Church in Krasnoufimsk

If before the revolution the center of spiritual life in Krasnoufimsk was the Holy Trinity Cathedral, then during the Soviet years it was the inconspicuous wooden Innoketievskaya Church, erected in 1886 on the outskirts of the city, in a cemetery. It is not as beautiful as the central churches of the city, but it is valuable because it has never been closed, preserving the special spiritual atmosphere of the prayed space.

Iconostasis of the Innocent Church

There are many ancient icons here that were saved during the closure of the main churches of the city, among them the especially revered Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. According to legend, this image was revealed among the rubbish in the bell tower of the Trinity Church and has since been especially revered. Here in the cemetery two ancient stone chapels from the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries and an old brick fence have been preserved.

It was in the Innocent Church that Hieromartyr Lev (Ershov) served his last service; from here, after the service, he was taken away to be put to death as a martyr.

Innocent Church in 2010

Krasnoufimsk and cinema

Krasnoufimsk also has its own special features during the Soviet period of its history. What is most interesting for tourists is the city’s great connection with cinema.

The famous actress Irina Murzaeva, “one of the most popular “comic old women” of Soviet cinema, was born in the city of Krasnoufimsk. From the early 1940s to the end of the 1980s, she played in dozens of films, but it seems not a single leading role, all the roles were episodic, but, as is not often the case, memorable. For example, the role of a conductor in the film “Girl Without an Address” or the role of a tour guide in the comedy “12 Chairs”, the role of a museum caretaker in the film masterpiece “Old Robbers” and so on.

But most of all, Krasnoufimsk is connected with cinema as a film venue. Not a single city in the Sverdlovsk region, with the exception of Yekaterinburg, has produced as many famous films as in Krasnoufimsk. According to this indicator, Krasnoufimsk is the most “cinematic” city in the Middle Urals. These are “A Man Without a Passport”, “Shadows Disappear at Noon”, “Find and Defuse”, “Two Drivers Were Driving”, “Heavenly Wives of the Meadow Mari”. Among Krasnoufimsk residents it is not difficult to meet those who participated in the filming process - in extras or even in the main scenes.

"A MAN WITHOUT A PASSPORT"

The first movie, which was partially filmed in Krasnoufimsk, in 1966, was the detective film “A Man Without a Passport” (directed by Anatoly Bobrovsky). The film shows how Soviet counterintelligence officers tracked down and neutralized a foreign intelligence agent. As V. Ponomarev, at that time a student at the Krasnoufimsky Agricultural Technical School, recalls, part of Sovetskaya Street was blocked for filming and students from the windows of the hostel watched the moment of filming a man crawling out of a road hatch. Krasnoufimsk residents were also invited to be extras; the work was paid, at least symbolically, and at that time it was surprising and pleasing.

"SHADOWS DISAPPEAR AT NOON"

The largest series filmed in Krasnoufimsk is “Shadows Disappear at Noon” directed by Valery Uskov and Vladimir Krasnopolsky. Filming took place in Saran, in the now disappeared village of Petukhovka, in Sargai. The Alikaev stone, on which the moment of the death of the heroine, the commander of the partisan detachment Marya Voronova, was filmed, is also located in the Krasnoufimsky district, and after the film was shown, this rock received its second name - Maryin Utes. A tourist trail has been laid there for a long time; schoolchildren, groups, and guests from different parts of the country love to go there. Krasnoufimsk resident L. Vedeyantseva, who had a dialogue with P. Velyaminov (Zakhar) in the film, carefully keeps photographs of her and the famous artist in a family album.

“FIND AND DISHARM!”

This is also a feature film, produced at the Sverdlovsk Film Studio in 1982 by director Georgy Kuznetsov. The plot is exciting. Three friends are going on vacation. On the way, they meet Yulia, a candidate master of sports in shooting. Having stopped in the village of Semirechensk (Sargaya village), the friends went to the river bank to enjoy the beauty. But their rest is interrupted by the news that bandits attacked a bus with a collector, took possession of a large sum of money and drove off into the forest. Friends and groups go into the taiga to catch criminals. The chase unfolds according to the classic scenario with shootouts, fighting and hostage-taking. You watch a film and recognize the Ufa River and the beauty of our region.

“TWO CHAUFERS DRIVEN”

A modern Russian film from 2001 directed by Alexander Kott. It was filmed in the film tradition of early 1980s films about the post-war period. Many Krasnoufim residents starred in crowd scenes, who later recognized themselves and their fellow countrymen on the screen with delight, including the current employee of the newspaper “Forward” A. Abramova, who participated in the filming as a child. And the model of the figure of a parachutist pilot, installed for filming at a former airfield, attracted the attention of the people for several years until it became worn out from the weather. The film takes place on the roads of the Urals, where two truck drivers meet - Kolka Snegirev and the girl Raya. Snegirev is trying to win the girl’s favor, but she has a boyfriend - pilot Konstantin. At the end of the film, Snegirev catches up with Raisa’s car and the cars drive along a dirt road next to each other. The premiere of this film took place in Russia, Ukraine and the USA.

"HEAVENLY WIVES OF THE MEADOW MARIES"

Another film, which was shot in the Krasnoufimsky district, “Heavenly Wives of the Meadow Mari” (directed by Alexey Fedorchenko), was released in 2012. These are 22 short stories about Mari women aged 14 to 45 years, whose names begin with the letter “O”: Okai, Osylai, Odocha, Oshvika, Orazvi and others. Each short story is a separate story that describes the life, traditions, mythology and culture of the Mari people. Residents of Ust-Mash, Sarsy, Verkhniy Bugalysh, and Malaya Tavra took part in the filming.

Sarsinsky Monastery

The Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God is the main shrine of the Sarsinsky Monastery.
45 kilometers southeast of Krasnoufimsk is the village of Sarsy-Vtorye, where in 1896, on a high mountain, Archimandrite Zosima (Rashin) founded a women's Orthodox community, the main task of which was missionary work among local non-Christian population. The Boriso-Gleb Church was erected under the mountain for the laity back in 1895, which was empty until the foundation of the monastery. A wide staircase decorated with flower beds led to the mountain. A holy spring flowed in a cleft in the mountain. At the top, by the beginning of 1897, residential and outbuildings were built from wood.

For great success in difficult missionary work, in March 1902 the community was transformed into the Bogolyubsky Missionary Convent. In 1909, Bishop Palladius of Perm and Solikamsk laid the foundation stone for the Bogolyubskaya Church on the top of Monastyrskaya Hill. In 1913 the temple was consecrated.

Sarsinsky Monastery, photo from the beginning of the 20th century

In the early 1920s, the monastery was closed. In its place an agricultural commune was formed. The Bogolyubskaya Church was closed, but the Boriso-Glebskaya Church under the mountain continued to operate until 1937. In the 1940s, all the monastery buildings were destroyed, and in the 1970s, the holy spring on the mountain was filled up with a bulldozer: they say that before the spring woke up only once a year, on the eve of the feast of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God.

Today, from the old buildings of the Sarsinsky monastery, only the remains of the staircase to Monastyrskaya Hill and part of the foundations have been preserved. In 2002, the ancient spring was cleared and then consecrated. In Krasnoufimsk, in the Innocent Church, which was not closed in the 20th century, the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God, the most revered icon of the Bogolyubskaya monastery, has been preserved. They say that one of the nuns carried the icon out of the ruined monastery under the skirts of her robes.

In recent years, the revival of the monastery has begun; in 2021, the main shrine, the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God, was returned to it. Among other shrines are particles of the relics of the new martyrs of Krasnoufima, who were killed in 1918, Archpriest Alexy (Budrin) and Priests Lev (Ershov) and Alexander (Malinovsky).

Krasnoufimsky viaducts

Among other remarkable places near Krasnoufimsk, every tourist will be interested in visiting the most interesting engineering structures of a century ago - railway viaducts.

Viaducts, unlike bridges that are built over water barriers, lie over ravines and gorges. The Krasnoufimsk viaducts are interesting for their size, height of the supports and appearance - architecture, huge arches between the supports. These viaducts were built between 1914 and 1918, when the construction of the railway from Kazan to Yekaterinburg was underway.

In total, 7 viaducts were built in the Krasnoufimsk area. The most accessible viaducts for viewing are located near the village of Pudlingovy; this viaduct is both the largest and most spectacular, and on the road to the village, 6 kilometers before it. By the way, during the construction of the viaduct in Pudlingovo, reinforced concrete was used for the first time in the practice of railway bridge construction.

The village of Nizhneirginskoye is the birthplace of the Russian samovar

Of course, the capital of the Russian samovar is the city of Tula; “Tula Samovar” is a brand known to everyone today. The first mention of the Tula samovar dates back to 1746, but it is documented that back in 1740, goods transported without permission bypassing customs, among which the samovar was listed, were confiscated from Irga merchants.

The village of Nizhneirginskoye is located 40 kilometers northwest of Krasnoufimsk in the valley of the Irga River, which in this place forms several beautiful bends. The decoration of the village is the ancient dam and pond, which today are monuments of a metallurgical plant that was closed more than 150 years ago, where the first Russian samovars were produced. From the nearby peaks there are beautiful panoramas of the village and the river valley. On one of the peaks, Goat Mountain, a rare monument has been preserved in honor of the abolition of serfdom in 1861. The monument looks like a brick pyramid with a metal cross on top. Near the monument there is another interesting attraction - an old alarm bell in case of fire in the village. Another rare monument of antiquity can be seen on the way up the mountain - an ancient forge made of stone, inside of which the equipment has been partially preserved. It is very remarkable that these attractions are located outside the village, on a mountain from which a picturesque view of the surrounding area opens.

The most beautiful views of the village and the steep bend of Irga can be seen from the top of Mount Poperechnaya; here you can also explore a small cave.

In 1728, the merchant brothers Osokin bought land from the Rezantsevs with a site already approved by that time for a factory and nearby mines. From 1728 to 1730, a copper smelter, iron smelter and ironworks were built on this site. The core of the artisans at the Osokinsky factories were Old Believers from the Kerzhenets River, near Nizhny Novgorod. One of the main specializations of the Irginsky plant was the production of copper utensils. Its first manager, Rodion Nabatov, played an important role in the establishment of the plant.

In 1735 - 1740, the Bashkir uprising broke out, Irginsky artisans more than once actively enrolled in the Cossack hundreds to suppress the uprising. There is a version among historians that it was then that “the idea of ​​a convenient, compact, autonomous boiler, independent of the stove or fire, a kind of camp kitchen, was born.” The production of copper utensils at the plant was resumed in September 1738, after fulfilling the state order, and in February 1740, Irginsky merchants were, as we remember, detained with a samovar. It was between these dates, according to researchers, that the first samovar in Russia appeared. In 1740, a conflict arose between Pyotr Osokin and Roman Nabatov, the first manager, which led to the latter’s transfer to the service of Akinfiy Demidov. Probably Nabatov passed on the Irginsky secret to the new owner, almost immediately samovar production appeared at the Demidov Suksun plant, and then in Tula. The more powerful Demidovs become the main producers of samovars in Russia.

The famous Pugachev military leader Ivan Beloborodov (mentioned in Pushkin’s “The Captain’s Daughter” and Lermontov’s unfinished “Vadim”) came out of the nearby village of Medyanskoye (now Persky Krai), assigned to the Irginsky plant. On January 4, 1774, at the very beginning of his rebel biography, he seizes the plant without a fight and swears in the local population. Several dozen residents of the factory village enroll as Cossacks. In June 1774, Emelyan Pugachev himself visited the plant. The factory workers greeted him with bread and salt, the local priest served a prayer service in the church in honor of the rebels, and one woman washed Pugachev’s boots. Almost a hundred factory workers joined Pugachev’s army. Pugachev ordered the blast furnace to be stopped, the water was drained from the pond, and part of the dam and factory buildings were destroyed... Only three years later the plant was able to resume stable operation.

From the middle of the 19th century, the Irginsky plant began to experience increasing problems with the raw material base and transportation of finished products. In 1879, a caravan sailing to England with factory iron sank. This was the last straw. The plant was closed.

Address: Cathedral of the Holy Trinity 623300, Sverdlovsk region, Krasnoufimsk, st. Kuibysheva, 5.

Temple in the name of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky 623300, Sverdlovsk region, Krasnoufimsk, st. Mizerova, 88.

Temple in the name of the Holy Venerable Innocent of Vologda 623300, Sverdlovsk region, Krasnoufimsk, st. Transportnaya, 1.

Cossack hut

Krasnoufimsk, st. Gorbunova 35

According to legends, which were even included in the Code of Historical and Cultural Monuments of the Sverdlovsk Region , the hut was built not much later than 1734, at a time when a fortress was founded on the site of the modern city to pacify the troubled Bashkirs.

The hut was the honor of a fortress on the banks
of the Ufa River ; here is one of the most convenient places to view the surrounding area. Nothing remains of the fortress walls, the governor’s house, the office, the church and residential buildings of that time except this very hut. The place is really a trump card - having looked in advance on the map, having learned that real Cossacks were guarding the house, I moved towards it with the hope that I would come now - and there were colorful men, a samovar and a Cossack spirit! But the fantasies were cruelly shattered by reality: the fact that the Cossacks protect the house is expressed in its complete closure from the outside world.

You can see in the photo - the windows are boarded up, there is a fence around, and silence... The now fashionable marketing of territories in action - one of the most interesting city objects to me as a tourist is closed for review and access.

I'm sad and I'm moving on to the next point.

History of Krasnoufimsk

The city began with the appearance of the Krasnoufimskaya fortress on the elevated right bank of the Ufa River, intended to protect against Bashkir raids. The site for the fortress was chosen in April 1734 by Colonel A.I. Tevkelev (founder of Orenburg and Chelyabinsk). There was a road along which the Bashkirs moved to raid Kungur. The wooden fortress in the Krasny Yar tract was built in 1736. “Red” in the name meant “beautiful”, and the steep bank was called yar. Over time, the fortress began to be called Krasnoufimskaya. It housed the voivodeship administration and a garrison of Cossacks. Achitskaya, Klenovskaya, Bisertskaya, Verkh-Bisertskaya and Kirgishan fortresses also appeared. Administratively, the Krasnoufimskaya fortress was part of the Ufa province of the Orenburg province.

In 1770, Academician I.I. visited here. Lepekhin:

“The fortress, located on the elevated bank of Ufa, adjoined the western side to a stone ridge. Bastions armed with cannons were erected along this high ridge. Further down the river there were high wooden walls with towers.”

During the Peasant War at the end of 1773, the Bashkir commander Salavat Yulaev with a 4,000-strong army took the Krasnoufimskaya fortress without a fight. Almost all the Cossacks went over to the Pugachev side. However, soon, in January 1774, the fortress surrendered to the authorities. In June 1774, the city again passed to Pugachev. In the vicinity, near the Alexander Hills, on June 11, a fierce battle between the Pugachevites and government troops took place.

In January 1781, Krasnoufimsk became a district town of the Perm province. Residents were engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, processing of agricultural products, crafts, and trade.

The Krasnoufimsky district zemstvo, formed in 1870, played a major role in the development of the city. In Krasnoufimsk there were district literacy schools, a women's gymnasium, a district hospital, and a city public library appeared in 1887. By the beginning of the 20th century, more than 6 thousand people lived here. There were small factories: a tannery, a vodka factory, a brewery, a distillery, a wax and candle factory, a soap factory, a match factory, and various workshops. The Ufa River flowing through the city served as a waterway to the central part of the country. Factory products located in the upper reaches of the enterprise, as well as bread, were floated along it.

In 1912, construction began on the Moscow–Kazan–Ekaterinburg railway; at the design stage it was called the Kazanburg railway. In 1916, the first steam locomotive arrived in Krasnoufimsk, and on July 1, 1920, through traffic began on the Moscow-Ekaterinburg route. Krasnoufimsk has turned into a large railway junction. Nowadays, the Krasnoufimsk station belongs to the Gorky Railway, although it is located in the Sverdlovsk region.

During Soviet times, Krasnoufimsk became the center of an agricultural region. In 1933, a breeding station was created to breed new varieties and organize seed production of spring and winter wheat, barley, oats, peas, buckwheat, and perennial grasses. Employees have bred more than 50 plant varieties, 29 of which are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of Russia. Interesting fact: in the Sverdlovsk region, every 2 out of 3 hectares of farmland are occupied by Krasnoufimskaya selection varieties, and for spring wheat - about 90%.

Iraida Maskal managed to find an interesting document in the archive (f. 41, d. 314, l. 277). It turns out that in 1936, workers and employees of the Krasnoufimsk railway station, as well as collective farmers of the Krasnoufimsk district, petitioned to rename the city of Krasnoufimsk to the city of Molokov, the Krasnoufimsk district - to the Molokovsky district, and the station - to the Molokovo station. In honor of the pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union V.S. Molokova.

In 1941, on the basis of the evacuated equipment, a mechanical plant arose, which was later transformed into a pilot plant for the production of stands for testing diesel engines (until 1988, it was the only enterprise in the country for the production of such equipment).

Some famous people are associated with Krasnoufimsk. In 1768, N.S. was born in Krasnoufimsk. Popov is an economist, geographer, historian, who compiled the first historical, geographical and economic description of the Perm province. After graduating from the St. Petersburg Teachers' Seminary, he settled in Perm, working as a teacher of history and geography. And the future Marshal of the Soviet Union B.M. studied at the Krasnoufimsky Industrial School in 1893-99. Shaposhnikov (1882–1945). During the Great Patriotic War in Krasnoufimsk, in a house on the street. Proletarskaya, 101 lived in the evacuation of E.D. Stasova - revolutionary, comrade-in-arms of V.I. Lenin, Secretary of the Central Committee.

The population of Krasnoufimsk is 38 thousand people (for comparison, in 1992 it reached more than 46 thousand).

Watchtower

Krasnoufimsk, st. Proletarskaya 83

In the Code of Monuments, only the name of the street is indicated - Proletarskaya , I did not find the coordinates online, so (the weather is good, it’s light and there are no flies biting) I decided to walk the entire Proletarskaya Street . There was definitely something heroic in this, since the street turned out to be long, and there were eight (!!!) local residents to whom I asked the question - where is the tower? — they couldn’t answer me. Sadness turns into irritation, Proletarskaya Street ends, and here, instead of the tower in which Emelyan Pugachev (he and his comrades occupied Krasnoufimsk for almost two years), I get an unexpected bonus, the Chapel on Kamushka , as it is cutely called local residents.

It was the ruins of this chapel that were once identified as a watchtower. When studying the materials of the diocese during the restoration of the Trinity Church in the late 1980s - early 1990s, which we will talk about a little later, the history of the structure on the rock was restored and even photographs of the late 19th century were found. Thus, the sought-after watchtower of Pugachev turns into the chapel of Joseph the Psalmist .

The exact date of construction of the original chapel has not been preserved, but judging by its architecture, it was built at the very end of the 19th century, in the then fashionable Byzantine-Russian style. It is octagonal, very simple, even delicate, and stands in such a place that it immediately becomes clear why its ruins were considered the skeleton of a watchtower. The top of the rock is a “pebble” on which the chapel is installed - an ideal viewing platform from which you can see both the city and the bend of the river.

My mood improved, especially since from this place I saw at least the next three points, to which I continue my walk.

Economics [edit]

The economy of Krasnoufimsk is distinguished by a balanced diversified structure. 80% of legal entities are private. Citizens are mainly employed in the fields of transport, communications, trade, catering and industry. Most of the production is almost equally distributed between the production of building materials, woodworking industry, energy, mechanical engineering and metalworking. Agriculture remains important to the city's economy. A significant contribution to the development of Krasnoufimsk is made by small and medium-sized enterprises, which employ 14% of economically active citizens and account for 7% of local budget revenues.

Transport[edit]

Airport: Krasnoufimsk regional airport; Koltsovo International Airport, Ekaterinburg (SVX).

Large companies [edit]

• OGUP "Krasnoufimsky Experimental Plant"
  specializes in the production of stands, devices and devices for testing, repairing and adjusting diesel engines.
• CJSC Krasnoufimsky Dairy Plant
  - dairy products
• LLC Zerno
  - bakery products
• LLC SMF Sibprodmontazh
  - bakery products
• LLC "Engineering Enterprise" Technologies of the Netherlands"
  - woodworking.
• Krasnoufimsky Construction Materials Plant LLC
  - building materials
• Utes LLC
  – logging and woodworking
• LLC "Krasnoufimsky Furniture Factory"
  - furniture.

Holy Trinity Church

Krasnoufimsk, st. Kuibysheva 5

The church is now being actively restored, scaffolding has been installed, so all the charm of the building, the construction of which began in 1804 with funds from local merchants, cannot be appreciated. If you’re not too lazy, like me, you can go inside (there are posters with old photographs of the temple on the walls), or look at photos of the late 19th century online.

Trinity Church was distinguished not only by its size (it is really big!), but also by its mixed aesthetics, as it combines both features of Baroque and Classicism. During the Soviet years, the premises of the temple were significantly rebuilt (the dome and bell tower were destroyed); a match factory and a medical school were located here.

from Trinity Church and three steps to the next point.

Zemstvo government

Krasnoufimsk, st. Sovetskaya 17

The building itself is not that old - it was built in the 1910s. We even know the name of the architect - Kavaderov . The office was built in the eclectic style, which was very popular at that time for “office and public” buildings. The preservation is excellent, and you can thoughtfully and with pleasure study the various elements of the red brick facades. In 1918, the first Krasnoufimsky Congress of Soviets took place in this building. Now this house houses the House of Creativity . And the first floor is “decorated” with election advertising...

From
the Zemskaya Administration to the next point of my plan - the building of the Poklevsky-Kozell winery (and I was shocked when I learned about the huge number of distilleries in the Urals !) is literally 500 meters, but on this section of the city center your head can spin from dozens of facades of one - and two-story residential buildings of the 19th century. They are all different, and it seems to me that each time the appearance of a residential building reflected the character of its residents...

Sights of Krasnoufimsk

If you enter Krasnoufimsk from the Achit and Perm highway, the first attraction of the city along the route will be the Cossack hut (Gorbunovoy St., 35). It is considered the oldest building in Krasnoufimsk, dating back to the 18th century. This small wooden house made of larch, standing on a hill near the steep descent to the Ufa River, is the only thing left from the times of the Krasnoufimsk fortress. In the wall you can see a loophole and an observation window. Gunpowder was stored in the cellar. When ural experts were here in 2014, the house was abandoned and gradually fell into disrepair. Before that, it belonged to private individuals and was a residential building. Now, according to some sources, the hut has been fenced off, there is no longer free access, you can only see it from the street.

On the street Lenina, 79 there is a building of a former industrial school . This stone two-story building with a two-column portico on the second floor was built in the 19th century in the eclectic style. Memorial plaques remind us that the first Social Democratic circle of Krasnoufimsk was born here, and in 1893-99 the future Marshal of the Soviet Union Boris Mikhailovich Shaposhnikov studied. Now the building is occupied by an agricultural college.

Nearby is the Holy Trinity Cathedral (Kuibysheva St., 5). It was built and consecrated in 1804. It had a dome and a two-tier bell tower topped with a spire. The height of the church with its spire reached 49 meters. The architectural style was transitional from Baroque to Classicism. The cathedral was clearly visible from the river and from the other bank. Because of the white color of the walls it was called the White Church. The main city shrine was kept here - the icon of the Kazan Mother of God, which supposedly miraculously appeared among various debris on the bell tower.

In 1935, the church was closed, the bell tower and dome were demolished, and later another floor was built. A match factory, a medical school and other organizations were located here. Now the church is being restored. Nearby stands a marble cross, the inscription at the base of which states that “here, in 2002, on July 21, the holy relics of the holy martyrs Alexy (Budrin), Lev (Ershov) and Alexander (Malinovsky) were found.” The priests were shot in 1918.

In front of the cathedral was the central square of the city - Torgovaya (or Cathedral). Many buildings from the 19th – early 20th centuries are concentrated here.

150 m northwest of the cathedral along Proletarskaya Street is the chapel of Joseph the Songwriter (or Songsinger?), built on the rocky mountain Kameshek (in the past this place was called Bolgars). Built of brick in the form of a rotunda, in the Byzantine-Russian style, according to legend, in honor of the founding of the Krasnoufimskaya fortress, which stood on this site. According to another legend, Emelyan Pugachev himself once sat on Pebble. It is known that he stopped at the Krasnoufimsk fortress for the night in mid-June 1774. In some sources, this chapel is mistakenly called a watchtower (or fortress) tower.

According to information received from Iraida Mascal, this chapel was built in the last third of the 19th century (i.e. after 1870) by Marianilla Ioanovna Kropaneva. Her husband, Dementy Ioanovich Kropanev, was a merchant and had a hardware and other goods store in the city. I went to fairs in Nizhny Novgorod to buy goods. The family lived in abundance, but Dementiy Ioanovich drank heavily, and over time his sons began to get good at drinking. That is why Marianilla Ioanovna made a vow that she would build a chapel and pray there, with the faith that people close to her would get rid of their addiction. At her own expense, Kropaneva erected a chapel, decorated it with icons, and the main one among the icons of the chapel was the “Inexhaustible Chalice”. It was to her that the woman most often prayed.

During Soviet times, the chapel was closed and turned into ruins. Today it has been restored.

Local legends say that there was an underground passage . Academician I.I. Lepekhin, who visited the Krasnoufimsk fortress in 1770, wrote:

“Mount Bolgara was an elevated ridge with screes and landslides, reminiscent of the ruins of ancient buildings. At the base of the ridge, almost in its very middle, a hole could be seen in the mountain, which was also filled with scree, and the residents say that there was a spacious passage, divided into different alleys and dens.”

Later he mentioned a certain underground passage and P.S. Sigov:

“Local old-timers said that under the Bolgars there was an underground passage with branches and it went in two directions: to Atamanovskaya Mountain and the Yurt Stone. There was an entrance to the rock on Pebble.”

On the rock you can actually see a hole into a small cave, which gave rise to legends about mysterious dungeons.

Opposite there is a wooden Muslim mosque (Proletarskaya St., 74). Local residents called this beautiful building with an attic “the house on Kamushka.” There is information that this was the house of the merchant of the 1st guild Mukhametkhafiz Khabibullin. He owned a pier, he was engaged in the wholesale sale of grain, which he sent down the Ufa River and further to Nizhny Novgorod and St. Petersburg. However, this is what Iraida Maskal came across in the city archives:

“According to the documents, this house (mosque) belonged to Kuntsevich, the “manor’s house,” as we called it. In the Krasnoufimsk State Archives there is a statement from a group of Muslims in the city of Krasnoufimsk with a request for the demucipalization (i.e., return) of the building at 54 Bolshaya Gostinaya Street and the response to it. (f-6, op. 1, d. 222 p. 227-233, 1921)

According to the petitioners, this house was bought 14 years ago by a Bashkirin from Bolshaya Oka “for religious purposes” and at the same time, according to a deed of gift, was donated to the Muslim community and served for prayer purposes. It was not possible to give this house the shape of a mosque by building a tower “under the monarchical system,” since it was located near an Orthodox chapel at a distance shorter than Orthodox laws allowed. The petition was then (in 1921) denied on the grounds that no documents were presented confirming all of the above by the petitioners.”

After the revolution, the “Natsmen” school was opened in the house, where Bashkir children studied. From the beginning of the 1930s, the school became a general school, and at the end of the 20th century it moved to a new building. After this, the vacant building was handed over to Muslims as a mosque.

But let's return to the Holy Trinity Cathedral. In 2010, in the middle part of the former Trade Square, an Alley of Memory of those killed in the Great Patriotic War was created.

Nearby there is a beautiful two-story building of shopping (lounge) rows (Kuibysheva St., 3). In the 1920s, one half of the living room rows was given over to a cinema, and the other to a theater. The theater operated until 1943, and the cinema until 1969, when a separate building was built for it. Now the building of the shopping arcade is used for its original purpose - for trade.

Behind the shopping arcades there is a House of Culture (Kuibysheva St., 5), built according to a standard design in the mid-20th century. Nearby, on the street. Sovetskaya, there are the buildings of the former women's gymnasium (Sovetskaya St., 2), opened in 1891, and the former prison (prison castle) (Sovetskaya St., 3). According to legend, Elder Fyodor Kuzmich sat in this prison awaiting his sentence for vagrancy. Popular rumor believed that Emperor Alexander I was hiding under this name, allegedly tired of power and abandoned the throne, initiating his death. Nearby is a one-story treasury building , the first stone building of the city built in 1800.

The modern central square of the city is located southwest of the former Torgovaya Square - two blocks along Sovetskaya Street. Here stands the city administration building (Sovetskaya St., 25), built in 1971. As it should be, there is a monument to V.I. in the central square. Lenin.

The most interesting building, facing the square with its main façade, is the former Zemstvo Administration (107 Internatsionalnaya St., corner of Sovetskaya St.). The two-story government building was built in the eclectic style according to the design of the architect Kavaderov by the contractor F.N. Malkov in 1911. Nowadays, these walls house the Palace of Creativity for Children and Youth.

Turning onto Mizerov Street, you will come to the five-domed Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (88 Mizerova Street), made of red brick, built in pseudo-Russian style. Krasnoufim residents call it the Red Church. The decision to build it was made back in 1881, but funds to start work were collected only in 1902. The project was completed free of charge by Perm architect D.P. Ryabov, the contractor was F.N. Malkov. Construction was completed in 1914, and consecration took place in 1917. The cathedral was built in honor of Emperor Alexander II, who abolished serfdom and carried out a number of other important reforms for the development of the country. The cathedral operated until 1930, but has now been returned to believers. This cathedral is the hallmark of the city. His image can be seen on magnets, souvenirs and books about Krasnoufimsk.

Near the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral there is a market, moved here from Torgovaya Square in 1931. In the park opposite there is a monument to those who died “in the fight against the White Guard gangs of 1918-1919.”

At the address st. Mizerova, 66, Poklevskikh-Kozell winery from the early 20th century has been preserved (according to another version, this is the building of a wine cellar). Now the Krasnoufimsky experimental plant is located here. And on the street Mizerova, 50, the building of the private clinic E.M. Sienkiewicz (1880-1953) - doctor, researcher, traveler. He worked at the hospital from 1909 for about 10 years. He was buried in Krasnoufimsk.

One of the most unusual sights of Krasnoufimsk is the former zemstvo hospital with a park (Svobody St., 16). It was opened in 1886. Built in a picturesque place on the slope of Divya Mountain according to the design of Dr. M.I. Mizerova. Mizerov was born in the Artinsky district and graduated from the medical faculty of Kazan University. Refusing an offer to remain as a resident at a university clinic, he settled in Krasnoufimsk. Achieved financing for the construction of a new hospital and the purchase of equipment. The hospital had surgical and therapeutic blocks. It became exemplary; for a small town of the 19th century it was the height of achievement. However, having failed to agree with the authorities, after 30 years of work in Krasnoufimsk, Mizerov had to move to Ufa. He died on September 30, 1913, the body was transported to Krasnoufimsk and buried in the city cemetery. Krasnoufimsk residents remember and honor Mizerov to this day; he is the first honorary citizen of the city; one of the central streets is named after him.

The hospital operated here until 1976, when it moved to a new building. For 12 years, the old buildings remained abandoned, until, on the initiative of the director of the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of the History of Medicine A.D. Balchugov in 1988, the museum complex “Krasnoufimskaya Zemstvo Hospital” . It is a branch of the regional museum of the history of medicine. Consists of several buildings. There are pavilions for zemstvo medicine, traditional medicine, birth, and Soviet medicine, and the apothecary garden has been recreated in accordance with the traditions of zemstvo hospitals.

“Healer” park , founded by M.I., has also been preserved here. Mizerov in 1884. Walking along it is a pleasure. Paramedic G.Kh. Minin wrote that the area allocated for the construction of the hospital was almost completely bare. Only on the southern half of it was there a young birch forest, which continued into a real birch grove. Simultaneously with the construction of the hospital, trees of various species were planted on the free area - linden, pine, spruce and even oak. The planting was done in clumps and alleys. Thus, after a few years the entire hospital found itself surrounded by a shady young garden. In total, more than a thousand trees were planted. There was also an apothecary garden where medicinal plants were grown.

From here (along Svobody Street) you can walk to the top of Divya Mountain , from which you can enjoy a panoramic view of the city.

a local history museum in Krasnoufimsk (Sovetskaya St., 42). It was founded in 1912 as a zemstvo on the initiative of the Krasnoufimsky Society for the Care of Public Education. In 1919, the museum was replenished with exhibits from the collections of the Golubtsov nobles, who lived on an estate in the village of Aleksandrovskoye. This is how the museum got the shackles in which, according to legend, the boyar Mikhail Romanov, exiled to Nyrob in 1601, was kept (however, other shackles presented in the Cherdyn Museum also lay claim to this status).

At first, the museum was located in one of the rooms of the zemstvo government; in 1919, the former house of the merchant I.A. was transferred to it. Shevelin, and in the 1930s the museum moved to the Alexander Nevsky Church, where it was located until 1998. Now it is located in a modern three-story building - in the former House of Public Services.

Particularly interesting is the rich collection of fossils for which the Krasnoufimsky region is famous. The museum has the largest collection of Helicoprion dental spirals in Russia. They were first discovered by the inspector of public schools of the Krasnoufimsky district A.G. Bessonov in 1897 in a quarry on the slope of Divya Mountain and described by academician A.P. Karpinsky. These unusual dental spirals belonged to an extinct shark from the edestid group and were placed on its jaw. In 2015, they decided to make Helicoprion a brand of Krasnoufimsk.

Another famous landmark of Krasnoufimsk is the building of the railway station (Stantsionnaya St., 18). It was built in 1915 according to the design of architect A.V. Shchusev in the style of the Peter I era. He owns the projects of many stations along the Kazan Railway, including the Kazan Station in Moscow. Also, according to his design, the Mausoleum of V.I. was built. Lenin. By the way, on January 25, 1928, the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky walked along the platform of the Krasnoufimsky station, getting out of the carriage to warm up on the way to Sverdlovsk. The station building is an architectural monument of the early 20th century.

At the city cemetery (Transportnaya St. – Achitskaya St.), a complex of buildings from the late 19th – early 20th centuries has been preserved, consisting of a wooden church, chapels and a stone fence.

In addition to the objects described, many other old pre-revolutionary houses have been preserved in Krasnoufimsk. It’s impossible to tell about everyone. It is most interesting to walk along the streets of Kuibysheva, Proletarskaya, Lenin, Sovetskaya and others.

There are many oxbow lakes near the Ufa River. Lakes Kriulinskoye and Butki have the status of hydrological natural monuments of the Sverdlovsk region; migratory waterfowl nest on them. Also within the city there are botanical natural monuments - the Krasnoufimskaya Pine Grove and the Birch Grove.

Water tourists often raft along the Ufa River; rocks rise along the banks downstream. Also in the vicinity of Krasnoufimsk, the Alikaev Stone rock (Maryin Utes), railway viaducts, Alexander Hills (Titechnaya Mountains) and other places are interesting to visit.

UPD. In 2021, large-scale improvement of the embankment in Krasnoufimsk began, interesting sculptures and art objects appeared here. Among them are the sculptures Nizhneirginsky Samovar, Helicoprion, Viaduct, Girl with an Airplane (dedicated to Iraida Vertiprakhova, the first female pilot awarded the title “Honored Pilot of the USSR”) and others. I haven’t visited the new embankment yet and haven’t taken any photographs, but I definitely recommend it to you when visiting the city!

Alexander Nevsky Cathedral

Krasnoufimsk, st. Mizerova, 88

This is where the eye of a lover of architectural stylization will roam! The construction of the temple was carried out in 1903 - 1914, during the years when the processes of self-identification in Russian culture were completed, which in architecture was expressed in the construction of both temples and secular buildings in the Russian style.

Kokoshniks (semicircles that complete the main facade), the bell tower tent, the arcades of the bell tower and domes, the bright brick color and blue color of the domes, the size of the temple - and we get the most visually attractive object in Krasnoufimsk .

By the way, the most important person in this temple promised that everyone would be allowed into the bell tower Easter I'll be there to check!

According to my plan, I have to visit two more points, then I really want bread and amenities, so I turn on the navigator and look for the nearest establishment. The first attempt is the MARIO Pizza cafe (Sovetskaya str. 26). Judging by the pictures on the menu, there are a lot of pizzas, rolls and beer. The price tag is quite similar to Ekaterinburg - pizza from 300 rubles, rolls from 250. But the waiter warns that you will have to wait at least 35 minutes for your order, so I make a second attempt to find a fast food.

Now it’s lucky - very close to the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (Rogozinnikov St. 14) there is “Zhar-Pizza” . A snack for two - two slices of pizza, an Americano and green tea - cost us 242 rubles. It was quick and delicious, and although the price scared me at first (how can it be edible at that price?), there were no negative consequences to the snack. And by the way, the amenities there are in order, which is important for girls. Having powdered my nose, I head to the pride of the residents of Krasnoufimsk .

Railway station building

Krasnoufimsk, st. Station

Look at the photo - there is something to be proud of! Not only is the building itself an undoubted architectural monument, but also the architect is a celebrity! The station was built in 1915, according to the design of the architect Alexei Viktorovich Shchusev . Shchusev's project combines features of Russian Baroque with references to the times of Peter I and Elizaveta Petrovna . A harmonious and very functional building adorns the station square, there are many angles for photos, so, my friends, welcome! A very nice addition is that the waiting room constantly hosts small exhibitions of local artists and art school students.

Completing my program, I call a taxi from the station, since Google refuses to show the distance to the desired point. Taxis are advertised at every pole, and my trip to point 8 - to the local cemetery - cost me 100 rubles.

Links[edit]

1. ^ abcd State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 “All-Russian classifier of objects of administrative-territorial division. Code 65 224", ed. changes No. 278 / 2015 of January 1, 2021. (Goskomstat of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997. Russian classification of administrative divisions) (OKATO).
   Code 65 224 , as amended by Amendment No. 278/2015 of January 1, 2016).
2. ^ a b Federal State Statistics Service (2011). “All-Russian Population Census 2010. Volume 1" [All-Russian Population Census 2010, vol. 1]. All-Russian Population Census 2010 [All-Russian Population Census 2010]
   . Federal State Statistics Service.
3. "26. The size of the permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2021". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
4. ^ abc State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 “All-Russian classifier of objects of administrative-territorial division. Code 65 468", ed. changes No. 278 / 2015 of January 1, 2021. (Goskomstat of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification. No. OK 019-95 January 1, 1997. Russian classification of administrative divisions) (OKATO).
   Code 65 468 , as amended by Amendment No. 278/2015 of January 1, 2016).
5. ^ ab Law No. 85-OZ
6. "On the Calculation of Time". Official Internet portal of legal information
   . June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
7. Post office. Information and computing center of OASU RPO. ( Post office
   ).
   Search for postal service objects ( postal Search for objects
   ) (in Russian)
8. ↑
   Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (May 21, 2004).
   “The population of Russia, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as part of federal districts, urban settlements, settlements, settlements of 3 thousand or more people” [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal districts, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - administrative centers and rural settlements with a population of more than 3,000 people] (XLS). All-Russian Population Census 2002
   .
9. “All-Union Population Census of 1989. The current population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous regions and districts, territories, negative phenomena, urban settlements and rural district centers” [All-Union Population Census of 1989: current population of union and autonomous republics, Autonomous regions and districts , territories, regions, districts, urban settlements and villages performing the functions of district administrative centers. All-Union Population Census of 1989 [All-Union Population Census of 1989]
   .
   Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics [Institute of Demography of the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 - via Demoscope Weekly
   .
10. Law No. 30-OZ
11. "Krasnoufimsk, Russia". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved January 21, 2013.

Kranoufa Cemetery

Yes, now I’m going to the cemetery, because it is also a landmark here. Of course, this is a very specific type of tourism, but now I’m not interested in old tombstones, but I need two stone chapels, which are mentioned in many lists of monuments in Krasnoufimsk . Here, unfortunately, the aesthetics of the preserved buildings of the borderlands of the 19th - 20th centuries. turned out to be carefully disguised by the general condition of the cemetery. In general, ordinary travelers have nothing to do here, but I checked the box and walked back to the center to wait for a naturalist with impressions of nature.

Kranoufimsk: railway viaducts

It is near Krasnoufimsk that unique objects for the Sverdlovsk region (and, probably, the region) are located, which will certainly be of interest to lovers of so-called industrial tourism. However, any other Ural jaw will drop when looking at this. Between the villages of Sarana and Chernaya Rechka there are - without exaggeration - huge railway viaducts that were built exactly a century ago - in the period from 1914 to 1918. And some of them are still used for their intended purpose!

viaducts
in total in these parts, and several were built using the most advanced technology for that time using reinforced concrete. Their appearance is associated with the very whimsical topography of the area through which the railway passes. Some of the viaducts cannot be approached precisely due to the pits and slides, and the fact that bridges, as strategic objects, are carefully guarded.

However, you can even drive under the nearest of them - the one located between Sarana and the village of Pudlingovy : there is a well-worn forest road there. When you stop under the viaduct, do not lose your hats, as you will definitely have to lift your heads: the height of the viaducts is tens of meters. This viaduct is duplicated by a modern railway bridge, which, of course, does not look nearly as impressive.

In winter, the century-old bridges can be reached by almost any car, but since the road connecting them is a kind of grader, it is possible that in summer, in rainy weather, an SUV may be needed. To navigate the terrain, it’s a good idea to stock up on a paper map: our cellular operators refused to work in these parts, so we were deprived of mobile navigators.

Krasnoufimsk

(Sverdlovsk region)

OKATO code:
65468
Founded:
1736
City since:
1781 City of regional subordination
Telephone code (reference phone)

Deviation from Moscow time, hours:
2
Geographic latitude:
56°37′
Geographic longitude:
57°46′
Altitude above sea level, meters:
210 Sunrise and sunset times of the Sun and Moon in the city of Krasnoufimsk

Alikaev stone (Maryin cliff) near Sarana

But any digital maps know perfectly well another remarkable place in the Sarana , worthy of a visit. In winter, you can get almost to the foot of the Alikaev Stone , also known as Maryin Utes .

A harsh fifty-meter rock protrudes from the forest so impressively that it is impossible to miss it.
Climbing Alikaev Stone can be an adventure for the whole family, but the list of advantages of this rock includes not only its natural beauty.
The Alikaev stone became a real landmark of the Krasnoufimsky district film “Shadows Disappear at Noon” . Part of the epic was filmed in the vicinity of the stone, and the rock received its second name in honor of the heroine of the film Marya Krasnaya (aka Voronova ), who, according to the plot, is thrown off the Alikaev stone . She was played, by the way, by the famous actress Nina Ruslanova .

In the vicinity of Alikaev Stone you can find places for tourist parking. In addition, the Sarana River , quite picturesque both in winter and summer.

Our program is completed, but before we say goodbye - two bonuses!

Administrative and municipal status[edit]

As part of the administrative divisions, Krasnoufimsk serves as the administrative center of the Krasnoufimsky District, [1] although it is not part of it. [4] As an administrative division, together with four rural settlements it was formed separately as the city of Krasnoufimsk

[4] - an administrative unit with a status equal to that of districts.
[10] As a municipal division, the city of Krasnoufimsk is included as the Krasnoufimsky urban district
. [5]

Bonus first

While walking around the city, I noticed dozens of ruins of main walls, some of which face directly onto the streets. Judging by the masonry, these walls are at least 100-150 years old, but the purpose puzzled me. Thinking rationally, I tried to assume that these are the remains of the walls that were here before the existing houses of earlier buildings. But everything turned out to be simpler: the owner of the dog, who clearly didn’t like me, told me that these were fire walls. The city was mainly made of wood, so it burned often, and to protect against the spread of fire from one house to another, walls 5 m high were built. Of course, they were built by wealthier townspeople who had something to save and had money for such construction. The remains of the walls are impressive!

Bonus two

If, while reading the Strugatskys , you wondered what the Red House from “The Doomed City” , then we have a possible answer!

At the intersection of Proletarskaya and Sovetskaya there is a house without an address, without signs, without any identification marks. Three floors, century-old red brick, and it’s completely surreal if you can look through the blinds into the windows: the first two floors are decorated with mirrors, now there is a choreography school and a fitness center. According to employees of the local cultural center, the building is at least a hundred years old, but its history has already been lost. After the Great Patriotic War there was a DOSAAF school here, then there were just ruins. I couldn’t find out what happened here before the war. If anyone shares information, I will be grateful. And now this building looks almost mystical both from the city center and from the river, fortunately the ice allowed us to walk around and take a couple of pictures. The staircase on the eastern facade is open, you can easily climb to the very top...

Bonus three

And what do the bear and the falcon have to do with it? It's simple: the original coat of arms of Krasnoufimsk since 1783 is a shield divided into two parts. In the upper part is the coat of arms of the Perm province Krasnoufimsk then belonged , with a bear and a golden Gospel. At the bottom there is a silver falcon on a golden branch, which meant bird hunting and “the great abundance of all kinds of birds in the area.” We never saw a falcon or a bear.

Time and money for the route

• Departure from Yekaterinburg: 9:48
• Arrival in Krasnoufimsk: 12:00
• (If you are with children or need convenience - in the middle of the road, at the turn to Kiselevka, 120 km from Yekaterinburg, there is a Lukoil gas station with a cafe and toilet)
• Departure from Krasnoufimsk: 18:20
• Arrival in Yekaterinburg: 21:05
• Kilometer counter: 534
• Gasoline consumption on our small car: about 1200 rubles.
• Americano and cappuccino at the gas station: 198 rub.
• Snack at Zhar-Pizza RUR 242
• Taxi: 100 rub.
• Thermos with tea and cookies to go – 130 rub.
• Total: 1,870 rub.